balancing the risks and rewards

... Twitter (Vijayan, et.al.) and others, and thousands of industry and enterprise applications as well These are the most susceptible areas to hackers as often developers, in the rush to get social ... between the application in use on the SaaS platform and the user requesting it This does not scale well from a performance or security standpoint, and is primarily the architecture that led to the ... managing these costs and the tradeoffs for security IV Another significant factor in the adoption of the Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) Model (Brynko, et.al.) is the decision...

Ngày tải lên: 31/07/2013, 09:43

... at the same time that new research technology advances understanding, it expands the choices and increases the chances of dry holes in the discovery phase The impact of the rapid advances in the ... reach the market, then the costs of R&D per successful drug could decline On the other hand, if the explosion of possible research avenues makes the discovery process even more chancy, then the ... Treatment IND, lacks the expertise and the authority to determine whether cost data provided by companies are accurate and justify the price they wish to charge In the case of CeredaseTM, the price charged...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:02

... to the transporter, the transporter changes shape (or configuration) and moves the 5-HT to the inside of the cell, where the 5-HT "falls off' and is released into the cytoplasm of the cell The ... MDMA were the following: (1) They "get the message," in other words, they feel that after they use MDMA a few times there is no more learning to be done, the novelty has worn off, and the new state ... understand what another person is experiencing from within the other's frame of reference (standing in the other's shoes) In empathy one feels as the other person does, but recognizes that other feelings...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:07

... why they it? Greed, in the best capitalistic sense, is of course part of it They believe enough in their skill at identifying the overvalued, the frauds, and the scams, that over the long run they ... rate Therefore, rather than fees, the primary cost to the borrower is the difference between the current market interest rate and the rebate rate the lender pays the borrower on the collateral A ... parties—Chuck the buyer and Donna the seller Each must be concerned with the other’s ability to fulfill the obligation at the settlement date Suppose that at the settlement date the cash price of the stock...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... more likely the possibility that the supply curve intersects the demand curve in between the prices set by the optimists and the pessimists Then the price is above the valuation of the pessimists, ... 1,000.00, and exercises the option when the index value is 1,100, then the investor has the right to purchase the index for $100,000 when the market value of the index is $110,000 The buyer of the ... with the fund.19 In Exhibit 4.3, we average the sums of the shares outstanding and the short interest for each of the 10 largest equity funds for the middle of the months December 2002 and January...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... portfolio on the long side If both buyers and short sellers use the capital asset pricing theory, the beta adjustment in the rate of return for the upper limit and the lower limits are equal, and the ... a fair price for the stock lay along the curve BC, they would regard any price above the line as a signal to sell the stock, and their selling would force the price back to the line Thus, with ... hence beats the index fund The above argument suggests that the difference between the less successful managers and the more successful may not be so much in what they 98 THEORY AND EVIDENCE...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... divergence of opinion increases the slope of the demand curve The steeper the demand curve, the more price fluctuates with random buying and selling Thus price and return volatility can serve ... the demand curve is the summation of all investors’ demand curves In the exhibit the supply curve was shown as simply the quantity of stock issued by the company A short sale is essentially the ... short B and use the funds to buy A The other group would short sell A and use the funds to buy B (this provides the buying of B that is needed for the first group to sell) However, because the group...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... when they discover their evaluation differs from that of the average In the second round of trading the demand curves for these investors have moved upwards, but the demand curves for the other ... nonstandard constraints, including the political and legal harassment of short sellers through the ages I then discuss the predictions of the overpricing hypothesis, reviewing the literature and the ... in the 1920s and 1930s; fights between short sellers and the companies they short; and Palm/3Com in the year 2000 I conclude with a discussion of the tech stock mania of 1998–2000, and whether the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... with the lender of the borrowed shares; and (4) pay the amount of any dividend to the lender and possibly interest (i.e., incur a negative rebate rate) if the borrowed shares are in high demand The ... Sales 239 THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE In this section, we synthesize the evidence on the information content of short interest in individual stocks and relate it back to the theories The theories serve ... lies below the minimum-variance portfolio (MV), on the inefficient portion of the minimum variance frontier The pricing relation of zero-beta CAPM is the same as the standard CAPM, except the expected...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... only to within the cost of attaining and trading on the information On the other hand, if noise traders impact the risks of a recall or a short squeeze, and they certainly may, then market efficiency ... economic earnings and the reported kind diverge, companies require more and more of the stuff to work its magic Their investors would rather turn their heads the other way in the hope that the firms somehow ... pumped it too often in marketing meetings and the media to change course And once they know there are shorts on the case, then they also know that they can make them scurry As noted earlier, short...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... of the short side, ω S , which will equal the residual risk of the long-only portfolio, ω LO These equivalencies reflect the fact that all the portfolios, the longonly portfolio and the long and ... the same as the net equity result experienced in the up-market case The interest earnings from the short rebate and the liquidity buffer are the same as when the market rose, so the overall portfolio ... from the equity positions, long and short The bottom half of Exhibit 12.2 illustrates the portfolio’s performance assuming the market declines by 15% The long and short positions exhibit the same...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... the mean and standard deviation) Among other things, the assumption that investors care only about the return and standard deviation of their portfolios implies that they are indifferent to the ... noting they are all negative.25 The higher the beta, the lower the monthly return This result is quite opposite to the prediction of the theory Haugen makes the very important point that the relevant ... about the stock The reason is that beta is r i, m s i s m sm where sm is the standard deviation of the market, si is the standard deviation of the return on the stock in question, and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... the equity in the new subsidiary, the firm was able to raise all of the capital needed to finance the development of the interferon technology transferred from the parent to the new 68 Sobel, The ... of the Market 74 Zacks, Ahead of the Market, p 231 Short Selling and Financial Puzzles 387 specialize in selecting stocks on the basis of their assets or their breakup values These and many other ... raises the earnings and, hence, the firm’s market value in two ways: The losses are eliminated; and the sales proceeds can themselves be invested to bring in additional earnings In these cases, the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... why they it? Greed, in the best capitalistic sense, is of course part of it They believe enough in their skill at identifying the overvalued, the frauds, and the scams, that over the long run they ... rate Therefore, rather than fees, the primary cost to the borrower is the difference between the current market interest rate and the rebate rate the lender pays the borrower on the collateral A ... parties—Chuck the buyer and Donna the seller Each must be concerned with the other’s ability to fulfill the obligation at the settlement date Suppose that at the settlement date the cash price of the stock...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... more likely the possibility that the supply curve intersects the demand curve in between the prices set by the optimists and the pessimists Then the price is above the valuation of the pessimists, ... 1,000.00, and exercises the option when the index value is 1,100, then the investor has the right to purchase the index for $100,000 when the market value of the index is $110,000 The buyer of the ... with the fund.19 In Exhibit 4.3, we average the sums of the shares outstanding and the short interest for each of the 10 largest equity funds for the middle of the months December 2002 and January...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... portfolio on the long side If both buyers and short sellers use the capital asset pricing theory, the beta adjustment in the rate of return for the upper limit and the lower limits are equal, and the ... a fair price for the stock lay along the curve BC, they would regard any price above the line as a signal to sell the stock, and their selling would force the price back to the line Thus, with ... hence beats the index fund The above argument suggests that the difference between the less successful managers and the more successful may not be so much in what they 98 THEORY AND EVIDENCE...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... divergence of opinion increases the slope of the demand curve The steeper the demand curve, the more price fluctuates with random buying and selling Thus price and return volatility can serve ... the demand curve is the summation of all investors’ demand curves In the exhibit the supply curve was shown as simply the quantity of stock issued by the company A short sale is essentially the ... short B and use the funds to buy A The other group would short sell A and use the funds to buy B (this provides the buying of B that is needed for the first group to sell) However, because the group...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... when they discover their evaluation differs from that of the average In the second round of trading the demand curves for these investors have moved upwards, but the demand curves for the other ... nonstandard constraints, including the political and legal harassment of short sellers through the ages I then discuss the predictions of the overpricing hypothesis, reviewing the literature and the ... in the 1920s and 1930s; fights between short sellers and the companies they short; and Palm/3Com in the year 2000 I conclude with a discussion of the tech stock mania of 1998–2000, and whether the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... with the lender of the borrowed shares; and (4) pay the amount of any dividend to the lender and possibly interest (i.e., incur a negative rebate rate) if the borrowed shares are in high demand The ... Sales 239 THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE In this section, we synthesize the evidence on the information content of short interest in individual stocks and relate it back to the theories The theories serve ... of lending (the assets of the short position) and borrowing (the liabilities of the long position) must offset if the resulting combination is to lie on the minimum-variance frontier The costs,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... only to within the cost of attaining and trading on the information On the other hand, if noise traders impact the risks of a recall or a short squeeze, and they certainly may, then market efficiency ... economic earnings and the reported kind diverge, companies require more and more of the stuff to work its magic Their investors would rather turn their heads the other way in the hope that the firms somehow ... pumped it too often in marketing meetings and the media to change course And once they know there are shorts on the case, then they also know that they can make them scurry As noted earlier, short...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21