background to the health system recommendations

... as the roots of the DAG As a starting point, only the roots of the DAG are displayed to the user Figure shows the five roots for the ‘asthma’ query Exploration process The user selects one of the ... Application to the Health- care Domain As a prominent use case, we applied our exploration system to the health- care domain With the advent of the internet and social media, patients now have access to ... more specific topic than the current query The user proceeds in the exploration of the document set by selecting specific documents (to read them) or by selecting specific facets, to refine the result...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... students The changes are divided into two categories The first category affects the chapters in Part One, The Health Care System in the United States They include the following: An update on the continuing ... educators, sanitarians, and others 24 THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES People working in the health professions must accept the changing nature of the teams and recognize that the ... contribute to modern health care Health Care Costs Some major problems plague the health care system in the United States First, the cost of health care is exorbitant and continues to rise Health...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 06:20

... following the resolution of the drought, and to lower OFDA contributions due to the USAID decision to reduce overall funding to Somalia to avoid the diversion of aid to groups linked to Al Qaeda The totals ... their contributions to the health sector are relevant Somalis living abroad are reported to contribute significantly to the economy of the country Funding for health reaches the beneficiaries to ... after the release of the 2007 study With respect to the primary objectives, the benefits of the study are: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ To highlight imbalances in aid support to the health sector More specifically, to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... Maryland: The Partners for Health ReformPlus, Abt Associates; 2005 Moreover, countries are likely to be very alert to the cost of such initiatives and to compare them with other strategies to strengthen ... volunteers to tackle the HRH crisis in their countries Their opinion is very similar to the concerns expressed regarding international volunteers in a background document for the High-Level Forum on the ... resentment There also was a shared perception that expatriate volunteers are too unfamiliar with local epidemiology, the local practice of health care and the organization of the health system They...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... community and 2) to assess the relationship between the functional ability (motor impairments of lower extremity, balance and walking distance) of these individuals to the amount of daily PA they undertake ... needed, individuals were allowed to slow down or sit to take a break but the stopwatch was not stopped The number of meters walked within the six minutes was recorded; further distance walked indicated ... order to determine the contribution of PA (independent variable) to the Physical Composite Score of HRQL (dependent variable), we first controlled for the level of the motor impairment of the lower...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... leaving the lungs enters the left atrium by way of the pulmonary veins Blood then flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle The left ventricle ejects the blood into the aorta, which then ... receive their blood from the aorta, and the blood leaving these organs enters into the venous system (superior and inferior vena cava) that returns the blood to the heart Therefore, the circulations ... Therefore, all of the blood that is pumped from the right ventricle enters into the pulmonary circulation and then into the left side of the heart from where it is pumped into the systemic circulation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... directly toward the positive electrode, gives the greatest positive deflection As the vector moves around the axis to the left, and therefore moves away from the positive electrode, the recorded ... model shows the septum and free walls of the left and right ventricles; each of the four vectors is depicted as originating from the AV node The size of the vector arrow is related to the mass of ... deflection (the R wave of the QRS) After another 20 milliseconds, the mean vector is directed toward the left arm and anterior chest as the free wall of the ventricle depolarizes from the endocardial...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... energy of blood within the aorta The total energy of the blood is the sum of the pressure energy and the kinetic energy; the latter is related to the square of the velocity of the blood flow (see ... acetylcholine binds to M2 receptors on the vascular endothelium, it stimulates the formation of nitric oxide (NO) by constitutive NO synthase The NO can then diffuse from the endothelial cell into the adjacent ... related to the ability of a tissue to resist deformation; therefore, the higher the elastic modulus, the “stiffer” the tissue When the muscle is stimulated at the increased preload, there will...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... equal to the vertical distance from the heart to the feet will increase capillary pressure in the feet If the distance from the heart to the feet is 120 cm, the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the ... than the carotid sinus receptors Therefore, the aortic arch baroreceptors serve as secondary baroreceptors, with the carotid sinus receptors normally being the dominant arterial baroreceptor To ... curve shifts to the right, thereby reducing the firing rate at any given mean arterial pressure This resetting of the baroreceptor response can occur at the level of the receptors themselves as...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... autoregulatory range) This is because of the strong capacity of these organs to autoregulate and their ability to escape sympathetic vasoconstrictor influences The autoregulatory response helps to ensure ... or above the autoregulatory range, flow changes are approximately proportional to the changes in perfusion pressure The autoregulatory range as well as the flatness of the autoregulatory response ... receptors) tonically inhibits sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels, and it tonically stimulates vagal outflow to the heart Decreased arterial pressure, therefore, decreases the firing...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... role of blood flow to the skin is to allow heat to be exchanged between the blood and the environment to help regulate body temperature Therefore, the cutaneous circulation is under the control of ... skeletal muscle, the muscle cells adjacent to the capillary take up the oxygen for use by the mitochondria Consequently, little oxygen diffuses all the way through one cell to reach another Therefore, ... hypothalamus attempts to retain heat by increasing sympathetic outflow to the skin, which decreases cutaneous blood flow and prevents heat loss to the environment The sympathetic control of the cutaneous...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... enter the systemic circulation This spillover is greatly enhanced when the level of sympathetic activity is high in the body The blood transports the epinephrine and norepinephrine to the heart ... output, thereby partially restoring arterial pressure Most of the compensatory responses occur regardless of the cause of hypotension; however, the ability of the heart and vasculature to respond to ... pulse pressure decreases the firing of arterial baroreceptors This activates the sympathetic nervous system and inhibits vagal influences to the heart These changes in autonomic activity increase...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... sympathetic tone on the systemic vasculature The correct answer is “b” because increased blood pCO2 stimulates chemoreceptors, which activate the sympathetic nervous system to constrict the systemic ... ends The KE is constant along the length of the vessel because the velocity is the same at every point along the vessel Because the total energy must decline along the length of vessel due to frictional ... flow carries heat from the deep organs within the body to the skin where the heat energy can be given off to the environment Choice “b” is incorrect because the pulmonary and systemic circulations...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... vein into the right atrium, passed into the right ventricle, then positioned within a branch of the pulmonary artery There is one opening (port) at the tip of the catheter (distal to the balloon) ... of the volume of fluid and the pressure required to move the fluid Stroke work (SW) refers to the work done by the ventricle to eject a volume of blood (i.e., stroke volume) into the aorta The ... coronary vasodilator The absence of nitric oxide leads to enhanced vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerves innervating the coronary vessels, as well as to other vasoconstrictor influences...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... energy of blood within the aorta The total energy of the blood is the sum of the pressure energy and the kinetic energy; the latter is related to the square of the velocity of the blood flow (see ... acetylcholine binds to M2 receptors on the vascular endothelium, it stimulates the formation of nitric oxide (NO) by constitutive NO synthase The NO can then diffuse from the endothelial cell into the adjacent ... related to the ability of a tissue to resist deformation; therefore, the higher the elastic modulus, the “stiffer” the tissue When the muscle is stimulated at the increased preload, there will...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... curve a to c) on the force-velocity relationship At a given afterload, increasing the preload increases the velocity of shortening Furthermore, increasing the preload shifts the x-intercept to the ... end-systolic volume increases as shown in the pressure-volume loop The increased end-systolic volume inside the ventricle will be added to the venous return, thereby increasing enddiastolic volume ... which the increase in endsystolic volume is greater than the increase in end-diastolic volume so that the difference between the two the stroke volume—is decreased (i.e., the width of the pressure-volume...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... autoregulatory range) This is because of the strong capacity of these organs to autoregulate and their ability to escape sympathetic vasoconstrictor influences The autoregulatory response helps to ensure ... or above the autoregulatory range, flow changes are approximately proportional to the changes in perfusion pressure The autoregulatory range as well as the flatness of the autoregulatory response ... receptors) tonically inhibits sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels, and it tonically stimulates vagal outflow to the heart Decreased arterial pressure, therefore, decreases the firing...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22