b cell mediated regulation of immunity during leishmania infection

... L6 cells 99 Fig 37 Rac1-induced transcription of NHE-1 is not seen below 0.5 kb in L6 cells 101 Fig 38 Summary figure 117 ix List of Abbreviations BCECF 2’, 7’-bis (2-carboxyethyl)-5, 6-carboxyfluorescein ... increased 87 susceptibility to cell death III.8 Regulation of intracellular pH as one of the mechanisms of 89 NHE-1 -mediated cell survival III.9 Region of NHE-1 promoter involved in O2. mediated activation ... I.5 .b. ii Cell proliferation and differentiation 24 I.5 .b. iii Cell motility 26 I.5 .b. iv As a plasma membrane scaffold 26 I.5 .b. v Cell injury 26 I.5.c NHE1: Regulation 27 I.5.d NHE1: Regulation of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... kinetics of binding of ERa and ERb to the target gene promoters has been previously observed by other laboratories [44] E2-dependent binding of MLLs (MLL1–MLL4) was primarily observed in ERE2 (Fig 5B) ... a function of E2, probably because of their distance from the transcription start site, although some amount of constitutive binding was observed in both regions The binding profiles of different ... amount of binding of MLL1 was observed in ERE3, no significant E2-dependent binding of any of the MLLs was observed in ERE3 and ERE4 (Fig 5A, lanes 5–8) Significant amounts of constitutive binding of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... kinase receptor belongs to the ErbB family, which comprises four members: EGFR ⁄ ErbB1 ⁄ HER1, ErbB2 ⁄ Neu ⁄ HER2, ErbB3 ⁄ HER3 and ErbB4 ⁄ HER4 These receptors enrol a large family of peptidic ligands ... subsequent degradation of the receptor in transfected human embryonic kidney cells [50] Direct regulation of the EGFR by CaM The direct regulation of the EGFR upon binding of the Ca2+ ⁄ CaM complex ... activity of the EGFR in living cells was observed: a stimulatory action when assayed in the absence of EGF [93,96,97], most likely a result of the disruption of the auto-inhibitory CaMBD ⁄ membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... respect, r32 resembles kCII Inhibition of H B- mediated proteolysis of r32 by CIII and by CIIIC The effect of CIII and CIIIC on the H B- mediated proteolysis of r32 was checked by treating r32-C-his ... compilation ª 2008 FEBS Protection of r32 from H B by kCIII S Halder et al A B Fig Inhibition of H B- mediated proteolysis of r32 by different concentrations of CIII or CIIIC The bands corresponding ... Measurements of inhibition of proteolysis by H B The activity of CIII (or CIIIC) was measured by its ability to inhibit H B- mediated proteolysis of r32 [14] Reaction mixtures (50 lL) were prepared by taking...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... pathogenic role in situ of B cell activation in pSS Increased expression of a newly described cytokine, termed B cell- activating factor (BAFF) or B- lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) [9-12], might explain ... anti-human BAFF (Buffy-2) was kindly provided by Pascal Schneider (Apotech) Cell lines HSG is a cell line derived from neoplastic epithelial duct cells of the human salivary gland (a gift of Bruce Baum ... investigated whether soluble forms of BAFF could be secreted by epithelial cells At baseline and after stimulation with IL-10 and with TNF-α, ELISA detected no soluble BAFF in cells from patients...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... recommendations (eBiosciences, San Diego, CA, USA) Cells were then resuspended in 0.5 ml PBS-1% BSA for analysis by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur®; BD Biosciences) using CellQuest Pro® software (BD Biosciences) ... allophycoyanin-conjugated antiCD25 mAbs (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) on ice for 30 minutes After two washes with PBS-% BSA, cells were prepared for intracellular phycoerythrin-labeled Foxp3 mAb staining according ... efficiency of apoptotic cell infusion to modulate the arthritic response The feasibility of cellular therapy based on the immunomodulatory properties of apoptotic cells has already been evaluated...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... confirms the ability of TW-37 to block Bim-Mcl-1 and Bim-Bcl-XL heterodimerization Using similar technique, previously we have shown that TW-37 blocks Bid-Bcl-2 and Bid-Mcl-1 but not Bid-Bcl-XL in ... DLCL2 Bcl-2 FSCCL http://www.jhoonline.org/content/2/1/8 WM Pt.4 28kD Pt.5 Pt.1 Pt.2 Pt.3 Bcl-2 Bcl-XL 30kD Bcl-XL Mcl-1 40kD Mcl-1 Bax 23kD Bax Bak 30kD Bak Bok 18kD Bad Bik 30kD 23kD Bad 23kD Bim ... state of differentiation they represent and established a number of cell lines representing them [5] According to this schema, B- cell tumors are believed to represent discrete stages of B- cell...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... amount of cases, we can already observe a bimodal age distribution Eleven cases of ALK-DLBCL have been reported in pediatric population [2,5,7,8,12], accounting for 24% of the total number of cases ... membrane antigen EBV – Epstein Barr virus HHV8 – human herpesvirus IgH – immunoglobulin heavy chain TCR – T -cell receptor EBER – EBV-encoded RNA CISH – chromogenic in situ hybridization Page of ... expression of CD30, CD45, plasma cell, B- cell, T -cell and NK -cell markers, EMA and light chain, heavy chain gene and T -cell receptor gene rearrangements, presence of EBV, site of primary disease, clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... number of specific spot-forming cells (SFCs) was calculated by subtracting the mean number of spots from unstimulated cells or empty vaccinia stimulated cells from the mean number of spots in cells ... (Caltag Laboratories, Hornby, ON) The cells were washed as above, fixed and permeabilized using Caltag reagent A and B fixation-permeabilization solutions (Caltag Laboratories) The cells were ... added to pass cells through the mesh The spleen cell suspensions were depleted of red blood cells (RBC) using RBCs lysis buffer (155 mM NH4Cl, 10 mM KHCO3, and 0.1 mM EDTA) The cellular suspension...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... information Figure Single cell RNA expression of TS transcripts Single cell RNA expression of TS transcripts (a) Antisense probe; (b) sense probe; (c) both sense and antisense probes bound to the fixed ... DNase1, 100 units of TurboDNase, and 100 units of Suprasin in a final volume of 200 µl The cells were then washed with 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and subsequently incubated at 95°C for ... levels, either by degrading many 'off targeted' mRNAs or by blocking translation The extent of this non-specific effect would be much greater when considering the large number of genes known...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... discarded by inversion of the tubes Tubes were blotted on tissue paper for drying before turning the tubes upright The cell pellet was disrupted by raking on tube racks 0.5 µg per million cells of FcBlock ... incubated at 4oC for 25 to 30 mins, with shaking every mins during incubation for optimal distribution of the microbeads 10 After incubation, the cells were washed by adding ml of MACS buffer Cells ... were discarded by inversion of the tubes Tubes were blotted on tissue paper for drying before turning the tubes upright Cells were washed by adding ml of FACS buffer into each tube, and centrifuged...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:11

... in Raji cells 104 x ABBREVIATIONS ∆ψm IF AIP AMC Apaf-1 APS dATP/ATP 5-Aza Bak Bax Bcl-2 BH Bid tBid BIR BL BPB CARD caspase CB ced CHAPS CTB Cyt c Dark DED DEVD-AMC DIABLO DISC DMRIE-C DMSO ... of Singapore i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Table of Contents ii Summery vi List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Abbreviations xi List of Publications xiv PART I INTRODUCTION 1 B CELL ... chemoresistance BL cells 71 2.2 Reversal of chemoresistance in human BL cells upon liberation of Apaf-1 78 The role of IAPs and Smac in chemoresistant BL cells 78 3.1 IAPs are highly expressed in BL-derived...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 10:17

... apoptosis of DT40 cells [24] In DT40 cells, BCR signaling is transduced from BCR and membrane-proximal factors (Syk, BTK, BLNK and PLCc2, etc), via mainly PKCd, PKCe and PKCf, to NF-jBs (probably c-Rel ... factors in pre-mature B- cell apoptosis mediated by BCR stimulation by analyzing the E2A-deficient DT40 mutant E2A)/), we clarified the impact of E2A on apoptotic cell death of the DT40 cell line, and ... FEBS K Toyonaga et al A Fine control of pre-mature B- cell apoptosis by E2A B C Fig Analyses of apoptosis in E2A)/) (A) Effects of PMA/ionomycin and etoposide treatments on cell- cycle distributions...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... polypeptide backbone of BACE-1 is shown as a ribbon diagram The N-lobe and C-lobe of the bilobed aspartic proteinase structure are shown in blue and yellow, respectively The inhibitor bound between ... both b- and c-secretases are membrane-bound aspartic proteinases (see text for full details) (B) Sites of cleavage of APP by b- and c-secretases to form Ab peptides The sites of the juxtamembrane ... and be able to cross the blood–brain barrier Approaches to the discovery of novel BACE-1 inhibitors have involved understanding the substrate specificity of the enzyme, coupled with structure-based...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... factor-beta and basic fibroblast growth factor on the expression of cell surface proteoglycans in human lung fibroblasts Enhanced glycanation and fibronectin-binding of CD44 proteoglycan, and down -regulation ... determination of DNA and cell number in tissue cultured mammalian cells Anal Biochem 147, 289–295 Ó FEBS 2002 38 Fritz, I .B. , Griswold, M.D., Louis, B. G & Dorrington, J.H (1976) Similarity of responses of ... expression of a form of syndecan-1 that binds antithrombin III in vasular smooth muscle cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17, 2609–2616 61 Gondos, B & Berndston, W.E (1993) Postnatal and pubertal...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... studies describing the role of Btk, Itk and Tec in mast cells Mast -cell development in the absence of TFK Mast -cell development appears to be normal in the absence of Btk (both in Btk-null or xid ... numbers of mast cells compared with wild-type cultures [37,64,65] Btk-null mast cells showed reduced cell death during BMMC culture and this might be the cause of increased cell numbers, because ... activation of mast cells is mediated by Fyn, another member of the Src kinase family [17] Fyn associates with the FceRI b chain, and activates the adaptor protein Grb2-associated binding protein...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:21

... Ferraz JC, Lowrie DB, Vordermeier HM, Hewinson RG, Buddle BM: The order of prime-boost vaccination of neonatal calves with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and a DNA vaccine encoding mycobacterial proteins ... levels of PD-1 expression on specific CD8+ T cells The induction of T cells with a high PD-1 expression level by peptide immunization alone may be due to co-presentation by professional and non-professional ... upregulate PD-1 [53] During the next phase when the antigen exposure subsides, a minor subset of T cells down-regulate PD-1 and become memory cells, while the larger pool of effector cells extinguishes...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Hypoxia activates NF B signalling via inhibitor of B kinase Under conditions of hypoxia, the hydroxylase -mediated repression of inhibitor of B kinase ... that both catalytic subunits of the IKK complex, IKKα and IKKβ, must be depleted for hypoxia-induced HIF-1α stabilisation to be impaired in mouse embryonic fibroblasts [44] The different cell ... consists of various cell types including synovial fibroblasts, B cells, T cells and macrophages Cartilage and bone are invaded by the hyperplastic synovium, resulting in the progressive destruction of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... proteins in individual pro -B and pre -B cells are similar between aged and young mice, but total BM RAG expression is reduced in aged animals because of reduced numbers of pre -B cells [18] Nevertheless, ... can be explained in part by the increase in lifespan (measured using BrdU incorporation) of mature B cells in the periphery of aged mice [11] Careful dissection of splenic B cell subsets by our ... explanations include the following: BM B cell production is depressed because peripheral B cells live longer; alternatively, peripheral B cells live longer because BM B cell production is depressed...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... CJ, Hofer-Warbinek R, Moll T, Eytner R, Bach FH, de Martin R: Inhibition of endothelial cell activation by adenovirusmediated expression of I B , an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF- B J ... [30] As I B is a major inhibitory component of the NF B pathway, increased expression of I B blocks NF B nuclear translocation and DNA binding induced by LPS We then examined whether I B overexpression ... construction of adenovirus vectors Mol Biotechnol 1995, 3:207-220 Bondeson J, Browne KA, Brennan FM, Foxwell BM, Feldmann M: Selective regulation of cytokine induction by adenoviral gene transfer of I B ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23