availability possible market shares and co 2 benefits of biofuels

modern electric hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles

... 20 8 20 9 21 1 21 3 21 3 21 4 21 5 21 5 21 6 21 7 21 8 22 2 22 4 22 6 22 7 23 0 23 1 23 2 23 3 23 6 23 6 23 6 ix Contents 6.4.7.1 Self-Tuning with Arithmetic Method 6.4.7 .2 Self-Tuning ... 25 3 25 4 25 6 25 6 25 7 25 9 25 9 26 4 26 7 27 0 27 1 27 1 27 2 27 2 27 2 27 3 27 4 27 5 27 7 27 7 27 9 27 9 ... 8 .2. 2 Engine On–Off (Thermostat) Control Strategy 8 .2. 3 Constrained Engine On–Off Control Strategy 28 1 28 1 28 3 28 4 28 7 28 8 x Contents 8 .2. 4 Fuzzy...

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Novel design of a compacted micro-structured air-breathing PEM fuel cell as a power source for mobile phones

Danh mục: Môi trường

... (a) 0 .2 A/cm2 and (b) 0.4 A/cm2 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 10 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved 5 72 International Journal of Energy and ... (a) 0 .2 A/cm2 and (b) 0.4 A/cm2 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 10 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved 568 International Journal of Energy and ... (a) 0 .2 A/cm2 and (b) 0.4 A/cm2 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 10 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved International Journal of Energy and Environment...

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549
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Novel design of a disk-shaped compacted micro-structured air-breathing PEM fuel cell

Danh mục: Môi trường

... (a) 0 .2 A/cm2, and (b) 0.4 A/cm2 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 12 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved 1 72 International Journal of Energy and ... (a) 0 .2 A/cm2 and (b) 0.4 A/cm2 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 12 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved 174 International Journal of Energy and ... (a) 0 .2 A/cm2 and (b) 0.4 A/cm2 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 12 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved 176 International Journal of Energy and...

20
521
0

Design and development of major balance of plant components in solid oxide fuel cell system

Danh mục: Môi trường

... SOFC BOP components The BOP components of a SOFC system account for between 50% and 70% of the total system cost Due to the high operating temperature of SOFC, the material of all BOP components ... 81 22 78 8.38 12. 2 164 64 .2 44 .2 750 Figure GCTool calculation results for kW SOFC BOP system (S/C=1.7, O/C=0.3, fuel utilization = 64 .2% , electrical conversion efficiency = 44%) Design of SOFC ... efficient means of ensuring the complete conversion of the SOFC off-gases during nominal operation and of pre-heating the cathode intake air during long-term operation Compared to conventional combustion...

12
585
0

Optimal Design of a Hybrid Electric Car with Solar Cells pptx

Danh mục: Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... 33.6143 21 . 428 1 21 . 126 4 126 .41 171.6 82 168.4 92 27.7778 177. 324 26 .8619 30 Lat=60 1.35 822 8.84358 2. 8 020 4 2. 71379 1.6 425 6 1. 325 0.73 523 6 1565.04 3.84091 1 .26 787 4 12. 963 28 3.99 128 .973 33. 624 4 43.493 ... 0.4586 02 9.78 427 7.4845 8.06596 9 .25 52 8 .27 443 8.36476 1.91686 1.4663 1.58 022 1.34695 1 .20 422 1 .21 736 2. 51 526 2. 628 09 2. 68788 2. 87 42 2.99866 3.07153 1. 326 67 1.5 728 2 1.60794 1.49357 1.54114 1.60 424 ... 11.569 10.343 10.4559 29 .3 528 22 .4535 24 .1979 27 .7656 24 . 823 3 25 .0943 149.417 173 .21 1 143. 32 120 .76 128 .23 8 1 62. 314 26 .9 72 26.9 72 26.9 72 26.9 72 26.9 72 26.9 72 ...

12
600
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Modern electric, Hybird Electric and Fuel cell Vehicles pot

Danh mục: Điện - Điện tử

... 20 8 20 9 21 1 21 3 21 3 21 4 21 5 21 5 21 6 21 7 21 8 22 2 22 4 22 6 22 7 23 0 23 1 23 2 23 3 23 6 23 6 23 6 ix Contents 6.4.7.1 Self-Tuning with Arithmetic Method 6.4.7 .2 Self-Tuning ... 25 3 25 4 25 6 25 6 25 7 25 9 25 9 26 4 26 7 27 0 27 1 27 1 27 2 27 2 27 2 27 3 27 4 27 5 27 7 27 7 27 9 27 9 ... 8 .2. 2 Engine On–Off (Thermostat) Control Strategy 8 .2. 3 Constrained Engine On–Off Control Strategy 28 1 28 1 28 3 28 4 28 7 28 8 x Contents 8 .2. 4 Fuzzy...

50
198
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The optimisation of grid designs for valve-regulated lead/acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicle applications pdf

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... G.J May et al / Journal of Power Sources 195 (20 10) 4 520 –4 524 4 521 effect of the active materials as the purpose was to optimise the grid design ANSYS 10 software was used with free-meshed ... and measurement was made at kHz so that calculated and actual values could be compared The measured values differed from the calculated values by ∼5% and the sum of the deviations (positive and ... one side tab of 25 mm width with the top section tapered away from the tabs and tapered wires, (ii) conventional tabs, (iii) varying the width of the current collector from to 12 mm, (iv) adding...

5
434
0

Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid potx

Danh mục: Tự động hóa

... ideninverter and • tifying cost, power complexity, and trade-offs of various • • • • • inverter architectures; inverter and power electronics systems analysis identifying cost, complexity, and trade-offs ... Bjarne AF, Christoph S, Bjørn T, and Olav B (20 07) Modeling and control of a SOFC-GT-based autonomous power system Energy 32( 4): 406 417 Rao AD and Samuelsen GS (20 02) Analysis strategies for tubular ... Turbines and Power 128 (2) : 29 4 301 Roberts RA, Brouwer J, and Samuelsen GS (20 08) Fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system control for daily load proﬁle and ambient condition variation ASME Journal of Engineering...

11
229
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Modern Electric , Hybrid Electric and rule cell vehicles P1 pps

Danh mục: Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... 20 8 20 9 21 1 21 3 21 3 21 4 21 5 21 5 21 6 21 7 21 8 22 2 22 4 22 6 22 7 23 0 23 1 23 2 23 3 23 6 23 6 23 6 ix Contents 6.4.7.1 Self-Tuning with Arithmetic Method 6.4.7 .2 Self-Tuning ... 25 3 25 4 25 6 25 6 25 7 25 9 25 9 26 4 26 7 27 0 27 1 27 1 27 2 27 2 27 2 27 3 27 4 27 5 27 7 27 7 27 9 27 9 ... 8 .2. 2 Engine On–Off (Thermostat) Control Strategy 8 .2. 3 Constrained Engine On–Off Control Strategy 28 1 28 1 28 3 28 4 28 7 28 8 x Contents 8 .2. 4 Fuzzy...

30
170
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Modern Electric , Hybrid Electric and rule cell vehicles P2 doc

Danh mục: Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... 1000 500 Cumulative consumption 1970 1980 1990 20 00 20 10 Year 20 20 20 30 20 40 20 50 The year of oil supply ends FIGURE 1.6 World oil discovery, remaining reserves, and cumulative consumption 50 Transportation ... day 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 90 19 97 19 05 010 015 20 2 Industrialized 20 20 19 90 97 19 05 20 FIGURE 1.7 World oil consumption in transportation and others 10 015 20 Developing 20 20 11 Environmental ... M , L L hg dt (2. 17) and 27 Fundamentals of Vehicle Propulsion and Brake where rd is the effective radius of the wheel Referring to Equations 2. 5 and 2. 13, Equations 2. 16 and 2. 17 can be rewritten...

20
303
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Analysis of transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions in a micro PEM fuel cell with nature inspired flow field design

Danh mục: Môi trường

... AMEA is the area of the MEA [m2], Ach is the cross sectional area of flow channel [m2], and ξ is the stoichiometric flow ratio ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 15 International ... D.M., and Djilali, N Three-Dimensional Computational Analysis of Transport Phenomena in a PEM Fuel Cell J Power Sources, 20 02, 106(1 -2) , 28 4 -29 4 [14] Nguyen, P.T., Berning, T., and Djilali, N Computational ... can be divided into the anode and cathode overpotentials The anode and cathode activation overpotentials are calculated from Butler-Volmer equation (21 and 22 ) 2. 2.5 .2 Ohmic Overpotential in Gas...

16
365
0

Pem fuel cell stack modeling and design of DC DC converter for fuel cell energy system

Danh mục: Cao đẳng - Đại học

... recombine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to produce water and electricity (Eq 2. 2) Anode reaction: H2 −→ 2H + + 2e− (2. 1) 11 Cathode reaction: O2 + 2H + + 2e− −→ H2 O (2. 2) H2 + O2 −→ H2 O (2. 3) ... Identiﬁcation of electrical circuit parameters 3.4 .2 Identiﬁcation of the empirical stack parameters 9 11 12 15 17 19 20 22 22 23 24 25 26 28 30 32 33 36 v 3.5 3.6 3.4.3 Identiﬁcation of ... ICFFB Converter D.3 Layout of the Secondary Side for ICFFB Converter D.4 Layout of auxiliary board for ICFFB Converter D.5 Build of ICFFB Converter 21 2 21 3 21 4 21 5 21 6 21 7...

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A CFD study of hygro-thermal stresses distribution in tubular-shaped ambient air-breathing PEM micro fuel cell during regular cell operation

Danh mục: Môi trường

... total of 29 4 82 nodes and 1300 82 meshes ware found to provide sufficient spatial resolution (Figure 2) The coupled set of equations was solved iteratively, and the solution was considered to be convergent ... reserved International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 2, 20 10, pp.183-198 187 2. 2 Model equations 2. 2.1 Air and fuel gas flow In natural convection region, the transport ... optimization of fuel cells, improve long-term performance, the introduction of cheaper materials and fabrication techniques, and the design and development of ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online)...

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390
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Modeling optimizes PEM fuel cell durability using threedimensional multi-phase computational fluid dynamics model

Danh mục: Môi trường

... is local hydrogen concentration (22 ) ref [mole/m3], C H is reference hydrogen concentration ref [mole/m3], CO2 is local oxygen concentration [mole/m3], CO2 is reference oxygen concentration ref ... 12 (1.417(1 − sat ) − 2. 12( 1 − sat ) + 1 .26 3(1 − sat ) ) ( 12) where τ is surface tension [N/m] The liquid phase consists of pure water, while the gas phase has multi components The transport of ... independent of the grid size A computational quadratic mesh consisting of a total of 64586 nodes and 350143 meshes was found to provide sufficient spatial resolution (Figure 2) The coupled set of equations...

24
368
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Mechanical behaviour of PEM fuel cell catalyst layers during regular cell operation

Danh mục: Sinh học

... of Power Sources 20 03; 114: 32- 53 [2] Haile SM Fuel cell materials and components Acta Materialia 20 03; 51:5981-6000 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 10 International Energy & ... 6.60 6.14 6.51 5 .21 5.65 5.00 4 .20 3. 32 70 5.59 4.58 4.16 2. 97 90 4.14 3.44 3.07 2. 29 Results and discussion Results for the cell operates at nominal current density of 1.4 A/cm2 are discussed ... stresses and then decay of the catalyst is more serious than that of the PEM References [1] Mehta V, Cooper JS Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design and manufacturing Journal of Power Sources 20 03;...

10
505
0

A CFD analysis on the effect of ambient conditions on the hygro-thermal stresses distribution in a planar ambient airbreathing PEM fuel cell

Danh mục: Môi trường

... [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20 ] [21 ] [22 ] [23 ] [24 ] [25 ] [26 ] [27 ] [28 ] International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 2, Issue 4, 20 11, pp.589-604 Xie, J., Wood, D.L., ... (27 C) and relative humidity of 20 % ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 11 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved International Journal of Energy and ... Optimal performance of air-breathing cells is therefore a complex function of ambient and load conditions as well as the cell design ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 11 International...

16
727
0

Prediction of deformation and hygro-thermal stresses distribution in PEM fuel cell vehicle using threedimensional CFD model

Danh mục: Sinh học

... [16] [17] [18] [19] [20 ] [21 ] [22 ] [23 ] [24 ] [25 ] [26 ] [27 ] International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 3, Issue 4, 20 12, pp.485-504 Gode, P.; Ihonen, J.; Strandroth, A.; Ericson, ... enlarged 20 0 times) on the y-z plane at x=10 mm for three different nominal current densities: (a) 0.3 A/cm2, (b) 0.7 A/cm2, and (c) 1 .2 A/cm2 ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 12 International ... independent of the grid size A computational quadratic mesh consisting of a total of 64586 nodes and 350143 meshes was found to ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 12 International...

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384
0

A CFD analysis of transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions in a tubular-shaped PEM fuel cell

Danh mục: Sinh học

... B, 20 04, 108(3), 24 1 -25 2 [7] Francesco M De., Arato E., Costa P J Power Sources, 20 04, 1 32( 1 -2) , 127 –134 [8] Siegel N.P, Ellis M.W, Nelson D.J, Spakovsky MR.von J.Power Sources, 20 04, 128 (2) , ... 139(10): 28 56 -28 62 [20 ] Hu M., Gu A., Wang M., Zhu X., Yu L Energy Conversion Manage, 20 04; 45(11- 12) : 1861-18 82 [21 ] Maher A.R Sadiq Al-Baghdadi Renewable Energy 20 05, 30(10), 1587-1599 [22 ] Hyunchul, ... (IJEE), Volume 4, Issue 1, 20 13, pp.1 -26 (a) (b) Figure Water content profiles through the MEA: (a) planar and (b) tubular ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 13 International Energy...

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Performance optimization of a PEM hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell

Danh mục: Môi trường

... Energy 20 03 ;28 (11): 126 3- 127 2 [4] R Johnson, , C Morgan, D Witmer and T Johnson, Performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack Int J Hydrogen Energy 20 01 ;26 (8):879-887 [5] S E Wright, Comparison ... function of temperature and different values of reactant pressures ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 13 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved 1 82 International ... Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 4, Issue 2, 20 13, pp.175-184 183 Conclusion A semi-empirical model of a PEM fuel cell has been developed and the effect of operation conditions...

10
489
1

Numerical investigation into premixed hydrogen combustion within two-stage porous media burner of 1 kW solid oxide fuel cell system

Danh mục: Vật lý

... runs and corresponding equivalence ratios Case H2 (slpm) Air (slpm) H2 -20 H2-19 H2-18 H2-17 H2-16 H2-15 H2-14 H2-13 H2- 12 H2-11 H2-10 H2-9 H2-8 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 100 97.6 95 .2 92. 9 ... media burner for hydrogen contents of (a) H2 -20 , (b) H218, (c) H2-16, (d) H2-14, (e) H2- 12, (f) H2-10, and (g) H2-8 LPM ISSN 20 76 -28 95 (Print), ISSN 20 76 -29 09 (Online) 20 10 International Energy ... 7.3982E-01 Equilibrium State 2. 9956E-08 2. 1673E-10 7.0006E-08 1.1832E-01 1.0119E-05 1.0343E-01 2. 6741E-08 2. 0832E-09 3. 121 7E-04 2. 4694E-06 2. 0611E-08 9.9136E- 12 7.7792E-01 2. 3 Boundary conditions...

18
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