... distribu-
tionally similar words. In IJCAI, pages 1492–1493.
Dekang Lin. 1998. Automaticretrievaland clustering
ofsimilar words. In COLING-ACL, pages 768–774.
Robert Malouf and Gertjan van Noord. ... behind this is
that similarwords share similar contexts. Systems
based on distributional similarity provide ranked
lists of semantically related words according to
the similarity of their contexts. ... nature of
the context applied and the results of the synonym
extraction task.
5.1.1 Data and Resources
As our data we used the Dutch CLEF QA cor-
pus, which consists of 78 million wordsof Dutch
2
Note...
... Linguistics
SenseClusters: Unsupervised Clusteringand Labeling ofSimilar Contexts
Anagha Kulkarni and Ted Pedersen
Department of Computer Science
University of Minnesota
Duluth, MN 55812
{kulka020,tpederse}@d.umn.edu
http://senseclusters.sourceforge.net
Abstract
SenseClusters ... 220–231, Mexico City, February.
A. Purandare and T. Pedersen. 2004. Word sense
discrimination by clustering contexts in vector and
similarity spaces. In Proceedings of the Conference
on Computational ... correspond to the different senses of the
word. This follows the hypothesis of (Miller and
Charles, 1991) that words that occur in similar con-
texts will have similar meanings.
We have shown that...
... different object in the same piece of memory. Either
way, the outcome of using dangling reference would be undefined. All bets would
be off.
ã
You'd try and destroy the same object more ... runs in its own thread and can execute only at certain times
(typically when your application reaches the end of a method). While it runs, other
The Life and Times of an Object
First, let's ... tremendously useful and free you, the programmer, from tedious
housekeeping chores that are easy to get wrong. They allow you to concentrate on the
logic of the program itself and be more productive....
... directories called ’.profile’ or ’.login’. These are used when a user logs.
Some of the standard Linux commands for files and directories are listed below. Most of the
file and directory names ... patches - software updates help close security holes
2.4 INTERMEDIATE CONCEPTS
Above the basic features of the Linux system are a number of more advanced features and
commands. Some of these are ... computers
Development - software authoring
2.1.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
A partial list of advantages and disadvantages is given below. The cost, stability and open
nature of the system have...
... Controls and ProChemTech to devise and
commercialize an on-line spectrophotometer based monitor and controller to control feed
traced inhibitors. After review of the technology in the hand held ... function.
3
Control of cooling water inhibitor dosage is one of the critical issues in achieving good results as
to control of scale, corrosion and deposition; minimization of water management ... and
control method allows automatic monitoring and control of inhibitor dosage and is currently
marketed as their “TRASAR” technology. Unfortunately for the rest of the water management
industry,...
... equipment and controls, and office,
medical, military, and communications equipment. This expanding use
of
digital
circuits is the result of the development of inexpensive integrated circuits and ... 2-input AND gate. The output of this gate will be
A
-
B
(A
AND
B).
This expression is written at the output of gate
(1)
in Fig.
3-15b.
Gate (2) is also a 2-input AND gate.
The output of ...
(pin
14)
pins. All other pins are the inputs and
outputs
to
the four
AND
gates. The
7408
IC
is part of a family
of
logic devices. It is one of many
1Y
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... Reconnaissance Office and any other
or she disposes of the home or it ceases to be his or her
office within the Department of Defense for the collection
main home and none of the other exceptions apply.
of ... Intelligence and Research of the
extended duty (see the instructions for line 12 on page
Department of State.
4).
ã Any of the elements of the Department of Homeland
ã If you die, repayment of the ... of the event and you own and use it
credit, you are a member of the Foreign Service if you
as your main home during the remainder of the 36-month
are any of the following.
period.
ã A Chief of...
... the
expression of Hsp70 through the transactivation of
STAT3 in mammalian cells. Indeed, it was found that
STAT3 bound to the sequence between )206 and
)187 bp of the hsp70 promoter, and mutation of the
conserved ... form of Hsp105a that is expressed specifically during mild
heat shock. In a report, it was shown that Hsp105a and Hsp105b localize
to the cytoplasm andof nucleus of cells, respectively, and that ... the sequence of the hsp70 promoter between )206 and
)187 bp, and that mutations of this sequence abrogated the activation of
the hsp70 promoter by Hsp105b. In addition, overexpression of Hsp105b
stimulated...
... Senate with the nature and amount of those demands and with the course of
the negotiation, I also communicate a copy of such parts of the correspondence of the agents of the two
Governments as ... the 31st day of July last, between James Duane
Doty, commissioner on the part of the United States, and the Seeseeahto, Wofpato, and Wofpakoota bands of
the Dakota (or Sioux) Nation of Indians.
The ... determination of the position of the line,
the latitudes of 54 points have been determined by means of 114 sets of altitudes of heavenly bodies, and the
sets of subsidiary observations for time and for...
... orientation of for-
eign words. Identifying the semantic orienta-
tion ofwords has numerous applications in the
areas of text classification, analysis of prod-
uct review, analysis of responses ... labeled set of positive and neg-
ative wordsand has shown very promising re-
sults.
1 Introduction
A great body of research work has focused on iden-
tifying the semantic orientation of words. Word ... a random walk model over the multi-
lingual network and predict the semantic orientation
of any given word by comparing the mean hitting
time of a random walk starting from it to a positive
and...
... Understanding and Generation,
Asilomar,
CA,
November 1991.
[Jackendoff and Landau, 1991] Ray Jaekendoff and
Barbara Landau. Spatial language and spatial cog-
nition.
LEA,
1991.
[Jaekendoff, ...
with Moens and Steedman (1988) and Jackendoff (1991).
plod, and walk; the locative prepositions to, towards,
from, away from, along, eastwards, westwards, and
to
and back; various landmarks; ... adverbials twice and n
times; and finally the temporal adverbials for and
in. Trajectory -of- motion events are modeled as con-
tinuous constant rate changes of location in one di-
mension of the TRAJECTOR...
... tract of land reserved by this
Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 34
Done at the city of Washington this twenty-second day of May, A.D. 1902, andof the Independence of the
United ... acre," the lands "within five miles of the boundary line of the town of
Pocatello." saving and excepting all lands allotted to the Indians, and saving and excepting the sixteenth and
thirty-sixth ... the lands within five miles of the boundary line of the town of
Pocatello, Idaho and saving and excepting the lands ceded under the act of September 1, 1888 (25 Stat, 452),
for the purposes of...
... errors.
5 Automatic Correction of Errors
In this section we propose our algorithm for auto-
matic correction of errors, which consists out of
the following steps:
1. Automatic detection of error candidates, ...
different to gold-standard.
2. Substitution of the annotation of the error
candidates by the annotation proposed by
one of the parsers (in our case
MSTParser).
3. Parse of the modified corpus ... corpora like the Penn Treebank [1] have
thousands of citations, since most of the algorithms
profit from annotated data during the development
and testing and thus are widely used in the field.
Treebanks...
... −l), and select for position i a N-best list
of candidate results from all these candidates. When
we derive a candidate result from a word-POS pair
p and a candidate q at prior position of p, ... only and joint segmentation and
part -of- speech tagging. On the Penn Chinese
Treebank 5.0, we obtain an error reduction of
18.5% on segmentation and 12% on joint seg-
mentation and part -of- speech ... experiments) and ending
at position i, then we derive all candidate results by
attaching each word-POS pair p (of length l) to the
tail of each candidate result at the prior position of p
(position...
... the subunit a of mouse enzyme [22,23], four isoforms of
the proteolipid subunit in Caenorhabditis elegans [24] and
two isoforms of the subunit A in human osteoclastoma [25].
Isoforms in higher ... and Vma11p, and
colons are gaps. Underlined sequences in Vma3p
and Vma11p represent hydrophobic domains, I, II,
III and IV in the descending order. (B)
phylogenetic tree of the six isoforms of ... the assembly of subunits A
and B. Hirata et al. [19] investigated the functions of
Vma11p and Vma16p in the S. cerevisiae V-ATPase
complex, and reported that the two subunits c
0
and c
00
are
essential...