automatic adaptation of annotation standards

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... This is one way of setting the effluent standards from water quality standards, that is, a kind of water quality-based approach. Unfortunately, due to the lack of database of effluent quality ... such as effluent standards. Although most developing countries are applying effluent standards along with water quality standards to monitor the quality of the watershed, many of those are not ... in revising effluent standards and the framework referring to the cases of developed countries. The purpose of this study is to set up the acceptable level of effluent standards with scientific...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 11:36

... actual enforcement of these policies. Many of our design decisions were influenced by the lack of verifiable enforcement mechanisms for certain security phenomena. An example of this is Denial of Service ... provide required by policies. Often it suffices to reason about connectivity to analyze availability of services to groups of users. For instance, instead of modeling all the details of a file server, we ... environment. This generally leads either to over or under management of resourses. One of the specific goals of this work is management of security configurations in networks that span multiple administrative domains...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 16:20

... the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Acknowledgements This version of the paper has benefitted from valuable comments from Charles Goodhart of the London School of Economics, ... capital and credit supply: Measuring the impact of prudential standards 10 One notable study that addresses the problem of a lack of heterogeneity of capital requirements and assesses the impact ... Channel of Monetary Policy”, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Wagster, J. (1999), “The Basel Accord of 1988 and the International Credit Crunch of 1989-1992,” Journal of Financial...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... mandatory (e.g., adoption of the offences of active and passive bribery of a national public official, and the active bribery of foreign public officials and officials of public international organisations); ... the offences for a range of corrupt behaviour. Hence, the OECD Convention establishes the offence of bribery of foreign public officials, while the Council of Europe Convention establishes offences ... corruption- related offences 1 ● Money laundering with bribery of a foreign public official as a predicate offence where bribery of a domestic official is a predicate offence (mandatory) ● Accounting offices...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 12:20

... Statistics of the BioScope corpus. The 2nd and 3d columns show the total number of cues within the datasets; the 4th and 5th columns show the percentage of negated and spec- ulative sentences. 70% of ... neighboring identical siblings of type *scope* or * are replaced by a single node of the corresponding type. Figure 3 shows an example of this transformation. (a) The children of nodes JJ/NN/NN are pruned ... children (starting from the root of the subtree) to the rule pattern subtree. Nodes of type *scope* and * match any number of nodes, similar to the semantics of Regex Kleene star (*). 5 Results As...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... ex- amples of the previous section. From the point of view of bag -of- word methods, the pairs (T 1 , H 1 ) and (T 1 , H 2 ) have both the same intra-pair simi- larity since the sentences of T 1 and ... head of constituents. The example of Fig. 1 shows that the placeholder 0 climbs up to the node governing all the NPs. 5.3 Pruning irrelevant information in large text trees Often only a portion of ... t, the set of its nodes N (t), and a set of anchors, we build a tree t  with all the nodes N  that are anchors or ancestors of any anchor. Moreover, we add to t  the leaf nodes of the original...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... the polarity of words There are some works that discuss learning the po- larity of words instead of sentences. Hatzivassiloglou and McKeown proposed a method of learning the polarity of adjectives ... are not in the resources. 458 (1) kono software-no riten-ha hayaku ugoku koto this software-POST advantage-POS T quickly run to The advantage of this software is to run quickly. (2) ketten-ha jikan-ga ... to automatically identify the synonyms of the seed and to add them to the seed adjectives (Wiebe, 2000). Riloff et al. proposed a bootstrapping approach for learn- ing subjective nouns (Riloff...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Orientation of Adjectives. Proceedings of 35th Annual Meet- ing of the Assoc. for Computational Linguistics (ACL-97): 174-181 Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios and Janyce Wiebe. 2000. Effects of Adjective ... Determin- ing the Sentiment of Opinions. Proceedings of COLING-04. pp. 1367-1373. Geneva, Switzer- land. Kim, Soo-Min and Eduard Hovy. 2005. Automatic Detection of Opinion Bearing Words and ... Companion Volume of the Pro- ceedings of IJCNLP-05, Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Kim, Soo-Min and Eduard Hovy. 2006. Identifying and Analyzing Judgment Opinions. Proceedings of HLT/NAACL-2006,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... grammar, rhythm and flow, appropriateness of tone, and several other specific characteristics of good text. In terms of automatic evaluation, we are not aware of any technique that measures only fluency ... Methods PoStag In the first of these, we constructed a rough approximation of typical sentence grammar structure by taking bigrams over part -of- speech tags. 6 Then, given a string of PoS tags of length n, t 1 . ... can be fooled by the method of sentence generation; GLEU, how- ever, gives a consistent estimate of fluency regard- less of generation type; and, across all types of gen- erated sentences examined...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... construction of N-best translation lexicons from parallel text. Melamed (1995) used the ratio (LCSR) between the length of the LCS of two words and the length of the longer word of the two ... present the evaluations of ROUGE-L, ROUGE-S, and compare their per- formance with other automatic evaluation meas- ures. 5 Evaluations One of the goals of developing automatic evalua- tion ... Proceedings of COLING-92, Nantes, France. Thompson, H. S. 1991. Automatic Evaluation of Translation Quality: Outline of Methodology and Report on Pilot Experiment. In Proceedings of the Evaluator’s...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... 1 shows the average number of clusters with each clustering method shown chapter 3 by the part of speech. WC and WF are the average number of senses by the part of speech. In Table 1 and ... the word senses numbered i of the word x. I x is the word sense indexing function of x that gives an index to each sense of the word x. All contextual words x i ±j of a central word x have ... V N C Æ 2P C/V . In this formula, V means a set of vocabulary, N is the size of the contextual window that is an integer, and C means a set of corpus. In this paper, vocabulary refers to all...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... (20%) out of 210 terms were col- lected by the system. This low recall primarily comes from the failure of automatic term recogni- tion (case A in the above classification). Improve- ment of this ... collected 610 terms in total; the average number of output terms per input is 12.2 terms. We checked whether each of the 610 terms is a correct related term of the original seed term by hand. The result ... Bin Umino. 1996. Methods of au- tomatic term recognition: A review. Terminology, 3(2):259–289. Hiroshi Nakagawa. 2000. Automatic term recognition based on statistics of compound nouns. Terminology, 6(2):195–210. Satoshi...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... The completeness of the output list increases monotonically with the total number of occurrences of each verb in the corpus. False positive rates are one to three percent of observa- tions. ... architecture of the system, and that of this pa- per, directly reflects the three challenges described above. The system consists of three modules: 1. Verb detection: Finds some occurrences of verbs ... is evaluated in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The most useful estimate of effi- ciency is simply the density of observations in the corpus, shown in the first column of Table 3. The SF...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... by means of a process of ~ inmtRntlat~nn OF the deflnition the translation of the de/initlon f~'om a set of criteria for satisfying the definition into an exemplary instance of the concept ... components of the definition of the class are also present in the description of the instance. This also permits easy representation of modifications to the definition, whenever the capability of ... application discussed here (the assignment of an instance of a knowledge structure to one of a set of classes), inexact matching and close relatives thereof are also found in several other domains...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... re- call of 55.1%, a precision of 71.9% and a resulting F-measure of 62.4% for the detection of the class nonreferential. The overall classification accuracy was 75.1%. The advantage of using ... a mi- nority of all instances of it. Evans (2001) reports that his corpus of approx. 370.000 words from the SUSANNE corpus and the BNC contains 3.171 examples of it, approx. 29% of which are ... variety of genres. They count 2.337 instances of it, 646 of which (28%) are non- referential. Finally, Clemente et al. (2004) report that in the GENIA corpus of medical abstracts the percentage of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/02/2014, 18:20