attitudes and motivation in second language learning gardner robert

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2015, 09:29

... language learners during the language learning process, educators and researchers can gain insights into the metacognitive, cognitive, social, and affective processes involved in language learning. ... speaking, several studies in the field have agreed on the powerful impact of learning strategies on the learning and teaching of foreign and second language. Good choice and use of learning ... collection and analysis. Chapter three is devoted to analyzing and discussing the data collected. Finally, in the last chapter- 26 In reviewing current issues and research in language learning...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23

... contributing factor in second language (L2) acquisition. Motivation is defined as the learner's orientation with regard to the goal of learning a second language. Motivation is divided into ... of second language acquisition. These include the social and cultural milieu, individual learner differences, the setting or context in which learning takes place and linguistic outcomes (Gardner ... Teachers In order to make the language learning process a more motivating experience instructors need to put a great deal of thought into developing programs which maintain student interest and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:06

... perceptual training of sounds such as /r/ and /l/, especially in the more phonologically challenging areas based on their L1: /r/ and /l/ in final position for Korean participants and in initial position ... receive comprehensible input and feedback (e.g., Gass, 1997; Long, 1996; Pica, 1994) and to make modifications in their output (Swain, 1995). Introducing gestures in language learning also improves ... pottery and involved description and gesture use. Materials recording and editing. Two video-recording ses- sions using the same lecture outline were scheduled, each last- ing approximately 20 min....

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2014, 05:20

... reading and memorizing, describ ing and classifying, and representing and visua- lizing. In data management, I organized files and units of verbal reports manually, using index cards including ... journal. Journal of Reading Education 36(1): 27–34. Koda, K. 2007. Reading and language learning: Crosslinguistic constraints on second language reading development. Language Learning 57: 1–44. Krauss, ... thinking, and so forth. This networking is crucial for schooling and language learning. Practicing these domains using think-aloud teaching protoc ols (Weaver 2002) must be embedded in daily teaching,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... reading and memorizing, describ ing and classifying, and representing and visua- lizing. In data management, I organized files and units of verbal reports manually, using index cards including ... such as cultural domain, critical thinking, and so forth. This networking is crucial for schooling and language learning. Practicing these domains using think-aloud teaching protoc ols (Weaver ... journal. Journal of Reading Education 36(1): 27–34. Koda, K. 2007. Reading and language learning: Crosslinguistic constraints on second language reading development. Language Learning 57: 1–44. Krauss,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... successful in second language learning. The importance of motivation in second language learning Language learning is remarkably different from other kinds of learning because of its social nature. Learning ... organized into six parts : (1) Definition of motivation, (2) The importance of motivation in second language learning, (3) Types of motivation in second language learning, (4) Literature in language ... confident in their use of second language and their ability of discussing, debating, suggesting interpretation, offering opinions, agreeing and disagreeing also become more naturally. In addition,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/02/2014, 22:31

... social informa- tion sources during word learning. 1 Introduction From learning sounds to learning the meanings of words, social interactions are extremely important for children’s early language ... the determination of reference in cross-situational word learning. Language, Learning, and Development. Eric A. Hardisty, Jordan Boyd-Graber, and Philip Resnik. 2010. Modeling perspective using adaptor ... Computational Linguistics. Patricia K. Kuhl, Feng-Ming Tsao, and Huei-Mei Liu. 2003. Foreign -language experience in infancy: Effects of short-term exposure and social interaction on pho- netic learning. ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... Theory”. In his theory, he mentioned that rst language literacy and learning can be a benet to L2 acquisition. Language devices and concepts learned in a rst language make learning the second language ... re-learn, in the new language, what they already know in their native language. Understanding a concept in the rst language requires only a re-labelling of terms in the second language and not ... language learning, Pergamon Retrieved September 20, 2007 from http://www.sdkrashen.com/SL_Acquisition _and_ Learning/ index. html Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Learning...

Ngày tải lên: 24/02/2014, 18:20

... and Semantic Pro- cessing in Parsing and Generation In parsing and generation, case and seman- tic processing occurs by unification without any procedural programming. The initial tree structure ... of the link word be the first argument and retain- ing the second argument, generate2 is called. In the following, searching of the au- tonomous word and handing their 2 nodes off to generate2 are ... stack have been examined, the SATs recorded in the temporary stack are returned into the main stack. And then the SAT constructed as explained in the above is pushed into the main stack. If, later...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... automatic spoken language understanding in such a theory. Most obviously, where in the past parsing and phono- logical processing have tended to deliver conflicting structural analyses, and have had ... Dependency and Co- ordination in the Grammar of Dutch and En- glish, Language 61.523-568. [16] Steedman, Mark: 1987. Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps. Natural Language & Lin- guistic ... 153-198. [5] Grosz, Barbara, Aravind Joshi, and Scott We- instein: 1983, 'Providing a Unified Account of Definite Noun Phrases in Discourse, Proceed- ings of the 21st Annual Conference...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). 1 Introduction Learner corpora have been playing an increasingly important role in both Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching research (Granger, 2004; ... revision process by language learners. 2.1 Feedback in Language Learning Receiving feedback is a crucial element in language learning. While most agree that both the form and content of feedback ... Technol- ogy. Cerstin Mahlow and Michael Piotrowski. 2008. Linguis- tic Support for Revising and Editing. Proc. Interna- tional Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. Tomoya...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 20:20

... Engineering and Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA {karim@cs,bilmes@ee}.washington.edu Abstract Sitting at the intersection between statis- tics and machine learning, ... for the automatic learning of edit costs, such as in (Ristad and Yianilos, 1998) in the case of string edit distance and in (Neuhaus and Bunke, 2004) for graph edit distance. In this paper we ... of its frame index. We are investigating generic ways of exploiting this constraint. In practice, however, state space pruning can sig- nificantly reduce the running time of DBN infer- ence. Ukkonen...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Descriptions, and Individuals in Natural Language Understanding Ronald J. Brachman Bolt Beralmek and Newman Inc. KLONE is a general-purpose language for representing conceptual information. ... needs in understanding and complying vith them. Thus, it is Finally, not only are parse structures and semantic interpretations represented in KLONE, but the data base the ATN being discussed ... guide parsing by ruling out semantically meaningless paths, (2) it provides a general way of organizing and invoking semantic interpretation rules, and (3) it allows algorithmic determination...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... Reliability Writing sample Signifi- cance L1 L2 Level Intrarater Interrater Results and Discussion Holistic Scale An initial scoring of all 38 essays resulted in the intra -and interrater reliabilities in ... Language Writ- ing, Language Learning, Modern Language Journal, Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Language Testing, and TESOL Quarterly. I included Kroll’s (1990) study in the list as well. Database ... learn- ing, but also, they help us devise methods of eliciting language for research. Similarly, those involved in language testing must elicit samples of language for evaluation. Do certain tests...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 05:21

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:21