asthma and copd animal models

... of analysis to asthmatics without COPD, and to those with COPD without asthma, was performed for both diagnoses and symptoms The results showed similar effects in the restricted and nonrestricted ... those with asthma diagnosis had asthma symptoms, 20% of those with asthma diagnosis had COPD diagnosis, and 21% of those with asthma diagnosis had chronic bronchitis symptoms Total n Asthma diagnosis ... prevalence of COPD/ chronic bronchitis Results discussion Although asthma and COPD have many risk factors in common and often coexist in clinical settings, and there is some evidence that asthma may...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... breathlessness without asthma and/ or COPD had lower both PCS and MCS than subjects with asthma and/ or COPD It could be that breathlessness indicated by subjects without asthma or COPD represents a ... stratified by asthma and/ or COPD (additional file 1) The relationship between wheeze and breathlessness and the HRQoL scores was similar, whether the subjects had asthma and/ or COPD or not, with ... without asthma and/ or COPD compared to those with any of these diagnoses For cough and Page of phlegm symptoms, the impairment in PCS was somewhat higher in subjects with asthma and/ or COPD compared...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... Relationship between QTc interval and albuterol levels Recorded QTc interval and (R)-, (S)- and total albuterol levels and are shown in (a), (b) and (c) respectively (R)-, (S)- and total albuterol levels ... acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD in a typical emergency department setting, both in disease severity and the treatment required However, the relationship between dose and plasma/serum level ... moderate-to-severe asthma Allergy Asthma Proc 2004, 25(6):429-36 18 Truitt T, Witko J, Halpern M: Levalbuterol compared to racemic albuterol: efficacy and outcomes in patients hospitalized with COPD or asthma...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... asthma and COPD, and different types of cells can play a role as the source of VEGF The clinical and functional relevance of the vascular remodelling remains to be determined both in asthma and ... the airway vascularity in patients with asthma and COPD using a high-magnification bronchovideoscope and did not find any difference between COPD patients and controls [43] A drawback of this technique ... airways and blood vessels in COPD In COPD patients, as compared to non -COPD patients an increased staining for fibronectin in the neointima, for collagen type IV and laminin in the medial layer, and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... measurements in EBC collected by RTube and ECoScreen are repeatable and reproducible in healthy controls, and reproducible in COPD and asthma patients, and subjects with a common cold Several ... to analysis, or the use of a special gas [5] We included stable asthmatics and COPD GOLD stage and Comparing the asthmatic and COPD patients with healthy controls, we did not find significantly ... (HC), asthma, COPD and cold Comparison of pH in EBC obtained by either RTube or ECoComparison of pH in EBC obtained by either RTube or ECoScreen in healthy controls (HC), asthma, COPD and cold...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... Background Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are caused by complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors A putative genetic risk factor for asthma and COPD is ... 5T, 7T, and 9T alleles in the CFTR gene We combined polythymidine and F508del genotypes [1], and examined associations between 11 different genotype combinations, and annual FEV1 decline and risk ... adjusted model included gender, age at study entry (deciles), and packyears at study entry (never smokers and deciles) We evaluated asthma and COPD incidences between geno- Page of (page number not...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... and lesion biology By exploring the function of the CCM genes in animal models this gap is being CCM animal models bridged Animal models have demonstrated the central importance of endothelial ... other animal models are relevant to disease to the degree that they help us further understand the human phenotype Recent investigations have further refined our understanding of this phenotype, and ... are denoted (a) and (b) C elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans CCM animal models genes are found not only in mammals, fish and other vertebrates, but are also found in much more simple and primitive...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... likely to be employed than those with asthma or rhinitis (31 percent for COPD versus 40 and 45 percent for asthma and rhinitis, respectively) Those with asthma and rhinitis did not differ from those ... and lung cancer in the absence of COPD, asthma, and rhinitis were excluded from the analysis due to small numbers We tabulated the work history and current employment status of persons with COPD, ... COPD, asthma, and rhinitis Persons with COPD and another condition were classified as having COPD Persons with asthma and rhinitis were classified as having asthma The overall rate of completion...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... response in RA Animal models for RP have been described as those immunized with either collagen type II (CII) or matrilin-1 and as models that appear spontaneously [1–3] These models differ in ... arthritis models and spontaneous models Several other models for arthritis have been reported but these will not be discussed here We believe that they should be considered as alternative models ... terms of genotype and phenotype to RA might help us to highlight some pathways of common importance in the two diseases Animal models of both RP and RA have been reproduced and are now powerful...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... Therapy Vol 10 No Lundberg and Venables reported in one previous study of collagen-induced arthritis [5], though other studies have found equal binding to both citrullinated and arginine-containing ... citrullinated antigens associated with the anti-CCP response and the requirement for specific MHC alleles, the use of transgenic animals could go a long way to analyse the autoimmune response ... JL, Steinman L, Robinson WH: Epitope spreading to citrullinated antigens in mouse models of autoimmune arthritis and demyelination Arthritis Res Ther 2008, 10:R119 Kinloch A, Lundberg K, Venables...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... with and var(e l ) l and var(e I and e and e are uncorrelated, and the ) e Q ’;1 fixed effects #i and (3 have no elements in common, and the random effects u , i 2 l , l u e and e normally distributed ... extended to fit these and other models, by the introduction of scaling and transformation models The models considered included those for bivariate traits when different fixed effect models are appropriate ... vectors Yl and y are of length n and n and matrices X X Z and Z are of size n t n x m and n x m Our 2 , x, l2 i x n t ,, l2l motivation was a case when a trait Yl was measured on males and y was...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... !i)/!! and or the 0’ error standard deviation (sire model) environmental standard deviation (animal model) For the heritability value of 0.20 the estimators from the sire model and the animal ... scale of the progenies and 2, and v and v represent the additive genetic effects of their sires and = Under these conditions v is a priori normally distributed with mean and variance-covariance ... use of equivalent sire and animal models for the underlying variable and the use of the same estimation method lead to different estimators may be counterintuitive Under the animal model the maximum...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... light phase and animals were allowed 1-hour habituation to the test room, if different from the holding room, before testing Testing sequence was randomized between KO and WT animals, and all apparatus ... MCP-1 and IL10 between WT and KO LPS-treated animals Both WT and KO mice displayed a LPS-induced increase in TNFα, MCP-1 and IL10; IL6 level was significantly increased by LPS in both WT and KO ... injection Genotype-related difference in MCP-1 and IL10 between WT and KO LPS-treated animals WT animals displayed a LPS-induced increase in IL10 and IL6; dot line indicates the detection limit...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... clinical use Animal models of ARF We fully adopt the general recommendations, outlined by Piper and colleagues [27], in planning, conducting and critically evaluating studies utilizing animal models ... summarizes these principles and other guidelines for the use of animal models in the study of ARF Despite their limitations, animal models remain fundamental to improving our understanding of human ARF ... [28-30] There are three basic types of animal models in use for study of ARF: ischemia; toxins and sepsis models; and several subtypes Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are summarized...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... as it inhibits the production of NO and PGE2 in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and reduces edema and the amount of infiltrated cells in animal models Abbreviations CMC: carboxymethyl ... contributions KSK and HIR conducted the experiments and data analysis EKP conducted the in vitro experiments KJ and HJJ prepared herbal extracts JHK and HY assisted the in vivo experiments CKH, YBC and CJR ... manner KHU14 (100 μg/ml) inhibited NO and PGE2 production by 27% and 49% respectively In vivo effects of KHU14 on acute inflammation We employed three animal models of acute inflammation to evaluate...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... Institute, New Zealand, and consists of 3749 weaning weight records and the corresponding genealogy (Table 1) Records were collected between 1973 and 1990 on both purebred and crossbred individuals, ... an animal model with maternal effects J Anim Sci 2003, 81:101-108 doi:10.1186/1297-9686-42-20 Cite this article as: Munilla Leguizamón and Cantet: Equivalence of multibreed animal models and ... extended to correlated traits as presented by Cantet and Fernando [2] We will use subscripts “o“ and “m“ to differentiate between direct and maternal effects, respectively Then, using the approach...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... between Student t and Gaussian linear models The Bayes factor developed by Verdinelli and Wasserman [25], and applied to the animal breeding context by Garcıa-Cortes et al [5] and Varona et al ... comparisons between Gaussian and Student t processes, and we tested its performance on both simulated and real data sets, using DIC as the standard reference criterion MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Statistical ... levels randomly assigned with equal probability and sampled from a uniform distribution between and 1) and a normally distributed additive genetic effect generated 402 J Casellas et al under standard...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... it arose and how each major parasitic lineage and the various life history and developmental strategies radiated requires a combination of phylogenetics, comparative life-cycle data and the need ... the function of cad in the growth zone and in posterior segmentation is ancestral for bilaterians (animals with bilateral symmetry, including both insects and vertebrates) Averof also reported ... on tapeworms and liver flukes To be a successful parasite, the interaction between host and parasite must be finely balanced Parasites have to circumvent the host’s immune response and to adapt...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... number of animals), as the only random effects in the model, ie r = and s q(q + 1) Assume effects are ordered i according to traits within animals, and let a be the subvector for the ith animal ... search Such models, which also all information on relationships between animals are usually referred incorporate to as animal models (AM) The derivative-free approach provides a flexible and powerful ... loglal and are constants and not need to be evaluated As above, (9) and (10) also apply, with an appropriate logIDI modification fo T if a second random effect, m, is fitted for each animal ,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... inflammation and AHR in guinea pigs (Ezeamuzie et al., 2001) and rats (Tigani et al., 2001) 1.4 Animal models of asthma Animal models of asthma have contributed abundantly to the understanding of ... antigen (Wills-Karp, 2000; Kumar and Foster, 2002) There are acute and chronic mouse asthma models In acute mouse asthma models, mice are actively sensitized and repeatedly challenged by aerosolized ... cells and eosinophils, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Busse and Lemanske, 2001; Herrick and Bottomly, 2003) Upon activation, Th2 cells produce cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 22:09