assembly and function of the signal recognition particle from archaea

... to the ER membrane and the release of SRP54 from the signal sequence Following the binding of SRP to a signal sequence present on a nascent polypeptide, the next step during ER targeting is the ... Structure, function and evolution of the signal recognition particle EMBO J 2003, 22:3479-3485 Song W, Raden D, Mandon EC, Gilmore R: Role of Sec61alpha in the regulated transfer of the ribosome-nascent ... structure of the NG domain from the signal- recognition particle receptor FtsY Nature 1997, 385:365-368 Freymann DM, Keenan RJ, Stroud RM, Walter P: Structure of the conserved GTPase domain of the signal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... (G-10L)prePhoE in the case of P48 crosslinked complexes and for WT prePhoE in the case of the TF crosslinked complexes These amounts were set to 100%, and the relative cross-linking efficiencies of the other ... rely on the SecB pathway, because of overloading of the SRP pathway The re-routing of (G-10L)prePhoE to the Sec translocon via the SRP instead of the SecB pathway could be explained by the increased ... alter the dependency of the precursor on SecA and SecY, whereas its SecB dependency is reduced Affinity of mutant prePhoE nascent chains for P48 As the SecB dependency of the translocation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig Of all members of the KIND family of proteins, only KIND2 binds to MAP2 Pull-down assay (PD) of the endogenous MAP2 from cerebellar lysates of P21 ... cloned into pGEX-4T-2 The KIND domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were ... structural and functional importance of the v-KIND and MAP2 interaction core modules in the regulation of dendrite growth and branching in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells Further studies...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... markers are indicated on the left of Spatzle-C108 (Fig 8A) Analysis of tryptic peptides ¨ from these bands by MS ⁄ MS and mascot software identified them as attacin-1, lysozyme, and cecropinA ⁄ B (Table ... yet in other insect species Although it is clear that Drosophila Spatzle acts as ¨ the ligand of the Toll receptor in two important physiological pathways [16,36], the functions of other homologs, ... ± standard deviation (n = 3) Lack of error bars indicates that the standard deviation was smaller than the size of the symbol Asterisks indicate means that are significantly different from the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... obtained from 3D experiments correlating the amide NH with the C¢ signal of the preceding amino acid, correlating the amide HN and the Ca signals, correlating the amide HN and the Ca signal of the ... minidomain and the zinc-binding domain of the zinc finger protein Ynr046w [25] (Fig 8) The fit of the heavy atoms (Ca, C, and N) from three b-strands and the a-helices of both the closed and the open ... between the HN of Thr358 and the Ha of His356 could be seen in both conformers (Fig 4; Fig S3) At the same time, the intensity of the NOE between the HN of Phe357 and the Ha of Lys354 in the open conformer...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... [14]) The sequences of the CMLE1s from members of the Rhizobiales, such as ArCMLE1 and AtCMLE1, are significantly shorter than the isofunctional enzymes from other bacteria (Fig 2) Expression of ... in the mutant First, there is an increase in the negative charge in the active site and, second, breaking the salt bridge would alter the quaternary structure of the protein and therefore the ... Lys282 and Arg315 are involved in catalysis The alignment of the small CMLEs from different members of the Rhizobiales with these sequences demonstrated that in A radiobacter S2 (and the other...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... counteracting ability of the osmolyte does not arise from the stabilization of the native state but arises primarily from the destabilization of the unfolded state of the protein in the presence of osmolyte ... reaction showed the formation of thicker and larger bundles of FtsZ protofilaments in the presence of TMAO compared with the control (Fig 6) The widths of the bundles of FtsZ Fig Effects of TMAO on ... Where, SN, SI and SU represent the intrinsic signal intensities of the native, intermediate and the unfolded states, respectively DGNfiI and DGIfiU are the standard free energies for the NfiI and IfiU...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... very indicative, in our opinion, of the adequacy and the basis of this orientation, on the one hand, and the destiny of linguistics, on the other hand Of course, these implications might be too ... constructions The frequency of WA, FA-, LA-, and Ø in front of QAD Frequency of the compound perfect The distribution and frequency of sawfa/saThe frequency of QAD, laʕalla, and rubbamaa The contextual ... STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ARABIC VERB Structure and Function of the Arabic Verb is a corpus-based study that unveils the morpho-syntax and the semantics of the Arabic verb Approaches...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:48

... estimate the frequency and intensity of the labeling on particles, we quantitated the number of labeled particles with the associated gold dots Particles were identified by their size (between 90 and ... The average size of these particles (90 nm diameter) corresponds to MLV particles Moreover, the presence of dark electron dense ring or circle in these particles is typical of assembled MLV particles ... examined from that of other vacuoles containing VLPs (Compare Fig 5A and 5B) More than hundred cells were analyzed and the colocalisation of the gold-labeled BSA and the VLPs was never observed in the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... expressed ones [5-7] We have studied the relationship between the phyletic age of a protein and its expression profile, and related this to the function of the protein The term 'phyletic age' used here ... proteinsthe inanalysis analysis tionalhere assignments of analysis in the analysis analysis FuncFunctional File usedof of thethe proteins analysis analysis Phyletic Additionalforof of the proteins ... proteins) The extent of the cellular specialization can be implied from the observation that only one-third of the proteins are expressed in all tissues examined In some of these cases, functions...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... factor function The combined results of these studies have expanded our current understanding of the expression and function of the PRL family of enzymes as well as of the role these important signaling ... expression of PRL-1 mRNA and strong expression of PRL-2 mRNA in the glandular epithelia of the prostate (A,B), urothelia of the bladder (C,D), and glomeruli and tubules of the kidney (E,F) In the urinary ... characterization of the tissues and cell types that express PRL-1 and -2 is important to elucidating the physiological function of the normal genes and to understanding their roles in the pathogenesis of disease...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:44

... associated with the deletion of multiple chromosomal regions including chromosomes 5q, 17p, and 18q Such chromosome loss is often suggestive of the deletion or loss of function of TSGs The candidate ... either have a repressive effect on the regulation of the cell cycle or promote apoptosis, and sometimes both The functions of tumor suppressor genes fall into several categories including the ... Inhibitors of the growth signaling pathways have become the therapeutic targets of colorectal cancer because studies from recent years provided emerging evidences that growth factor receptors and the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:37

... The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act fron 1990 to 2020 and other sector-specific emissions models developed and used in various offices of EPA's Office of Air and Radiation These emissions ... reflects the ratio of the low benefits estimate to the central cost estimate, while the high ratio reflects the ratio of the high benefits estimate to the central costs estimate The Benefits and ... acknowledge and discuss these types of discrepancies and their impact on the outcome of our analysis in the document In addition, despite our efforts to comprehensively evaluate the costs and benefits of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... measurements, the titration of these metals was performed by competition in the presence of Cd Equilibrium was established within of the addition of the metal The data corresponding to the titration of ... of the copper to the thiolates of the protein A plot of the intensity of the signal at 265 nm against the concentration of added copper showed that a plateau was reached when 0.5 equivalents of ... pH 7) in the presence of Cu(I) (from top to bottom) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 lM The insert shows the plot of the intensity of the dichroic signal at 265 nm vs the concentration of introduced...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... liver and four other organs of the spadefoot toad Scaphiopus couchii [19] In the present study, two GST isoforms were purified from liver of the anoxia tolerant turtle, T s elegans Analysis of kinetic ... Using the standard curve constructed from the protein standards (Fig 4B), the molecular mass of the Peak GST subunit was determined to be 34.0 kDa (Table 2) Peak showed subunits of 36.8 and 32.6 ... mass of the native dimer being 59.8 ± 3.25 kDa Elution from Sephacryl S-200 resulted in an activation of the enzyme (125 and 118% yield as compared with the activity after the Matrix Red column and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... N-terminal, structured part of Xis is involved in the recognition of DNA [18,57] On the other hand, the results also indicate that the C-terminal a-helix, predicted in the work of Wu and co-authors for ... to other proteins of this class, such as the DNA-binding domain of the Mu repressor [21] Third, the backbone atoms of the region comprising the ÔwingÕ b-sheet (residues 2–4, 35–36 and 41–44 of ... samples from 1.0 to 2.9 mgÆmL)1 The molecular weights of Xis_wt and Xis_C28S were calculated, from the amino acid sequence, to be 8.635 kDa and 8.619 kDa, respectively The analyses of the Cp,pr(T) functions...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... revealed the presence of these AP2 domains in the deduced amino acid sequences The structure of the AP2-like genes of the Hordeum genotypes is similar to that of other AP2-like genes (Figure 1) They ... barley AP2 in tritordeum The results are of interest in understanding the role of the AP2-like gene in the spike morphology of cereals and in understanding the regulation of this gene in barley ... based on the alignment of the AP2-like proteins obtained from the BLASTp of the H chilense (H11 and H208) and H vulgare cv Betzes (H106) AP2 predicted proteins The GenBank numbers of the AP2-like...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... J(0)] The dashed curve (theoretical curve) was calculated for J(0) and J(xN) as a function of s, using a simple Lorentzian function The left-hand inset shows an overview of the theoretical curve and ... Fig The localization of the experimental points in Fig along the correlation line is directly related to the distribution of the energy between the overall tumbling and the internal mobility, and ... residues and hence does not conflict with the global interpretation of the data With the exclusion of the N-terminal octapeptidyl and C-terminal nonapeptidyl fragments of Glu17, Leu34 and Lys46, the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... size and temperature The metabolic theory of ecology uses these scaling relations to make and test THE METABOLIC THEORY OF ECOLOGY predictions about the effects of energy and materials on the ... empirical and theoretical work in biological oceanography and limnology that relates the structure, function and biotic composition of these systems to the body sizes of the organisms present and the ... survival The effects of changes in the magnitude of each of these traits on the others (e.g increased offspring size may be traded off against a reduction in offspring number), and their relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... and kidney To compare the amounts of the two variants expressed in the testis, we performed the PCR using the primers ‘d’ and ‘c’, where the cDNAs for both Noxo1b and Noxo1c are amplified as the ... between the pair of primers (Fig 2A) The lengths of the PCR products of Noxo1b and Noxo1c were 225 and 240 bp, respectively To delineate the difference in the two products, we subjected the PCR ... show the expression of alternatively spliced transcripts of the NOXO1 gene, by PCR using variant-specific primers, and the roles of the protein products in activation of Nox oxidases Results and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20