arsenic biogeochemistry in groundwater

... significance, indicated by the dashed line, demonstrating that in an IID series the values are independent of each other 1.4.2.2 Moving Average Moving Average (MA) series results from applying an averaging ... function in a moving window over the points in the series (Figure 1.6) As can be seen in the plot of the ACF, the averaging process produces some autocorrelation between neighboring points with ... reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... systems Data mining is often distinguished from conventional niche modeling in that a sequential approach to including variables in the model is used It may also be the said that data mining generally ... Group, LLC 58 4.7 Niche Modeling Data mining Data mining is the automated search for patterns in large amounts of data A couple of aspects of niche modeling make data mining potentially useful Firstly, ... the first coordinate of at most one ordered pair in r In other words, f is a function, or a mapping from B to N if every point in B produces a unique point in N : f : B −→ N The inverse is not...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... data is shown in Figure 8.1 8.1.2 Moving average models (MA) In moving averages, the average of a limited set or window of values is calculated at every position in the series In R this is done ... temporally separate test and training periods The period is at the beginning of the CRU temperature record, marked with a horizontal dashed line (test period to the left, training to right of temperature ... differencing, is a generalization of integer difference series, where the degree of differencing is allowed to take any real value rather than being restricted to integers For example, in normal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... clearly shows the inherent nondeterminism in the solution, producing two distinct reconstructions of past climate In contrast, the solution to the linear model produces a single solution Figure ... two, temperature and rainfall principles Thus niche modeling demonstrates its usefulness as a theory for explaining aspects of ecology not previously explained in the linear model 9.1.4 Cubic ... 9.5: Nonlinear growth response to two out of phase simple sinusoidal drivers (e.g temperature and rainfall) at three response points Solid and dashed lines are climate principles; dotted lines the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... high H, increasing numbers of data not decrease our uncertainty in the mean very much Alternatively, there are few effective points At the level of the CRU of H = 0.95 the uncertainty in a mean ... confidence intervals underestimated Defn IV In nite power at zero wavelength: The spectral frequency obeys an increasing power law near the origin, i.e f (λ) ∼ aλ −α as wavelength λ → In contrast, ... rule for calculating standard error of the mean applies: s.e = σ √ k Series such as the SSS, CRU and the random walk would maintain high standard errors of the mean with increasing sample size...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... drastically income inequality and result in something approaching the single-point distribution of income when everyone is paid the same wages The most radical example is, of course, the blueprint for ... resulting in a wide gap in income it was considered polarization and a deviation from socialism This egalitarian thinking is utterly incompatible with scientific Marxist views of socialism In modern ... distribution is an important factor in determining the amount of saving in a society; it is also a factor in uencing the productive effort made by various groups in the society Distributions of Firm...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 11:36

... modeling for dialog system? In Proceedings of ICSLP-2000, Beijing, China Paper B1-06 Pakhomov SV., Schonwetter M., Bachenko, J 2001 Generating Training Data for Medical Dictations In Proceedings ... are considering basing our re-ranking on the information held in the dialogue information state, knowledge of what is going on in the graphical interface and on dialogue moves in the list that ... the domain adapted newspaper Corpus 3.1 Interpolating the GSLC corpus and the MP3 corpus A technique used in language modelling to combine different SLMs is linear interpolation (Jelinek & Mercer,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... the authors 18 For instance, consider the example in Figure involving if with some additional modifiers added to the intervening noun phrase 462 References Einat Minkov, Kristina Toutanova, and ... transformations involving nouns and adjectives (Noun+Adj), (ii) transformations involving verbs (Verb), (iii) transformations involving adverbs (Adv), and (iv) transformations involving verbs and ... sentence agent reordering (PassAgR), in which any post-verbal agents marked by by, are moved in front of the verb • Subordinate clause reordering (SubCR) which involve moving postnominal relative clauses...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... tested WSJ using the smaller training set described in Section 2, comparable in size to NEGRA’s Since the positioning of traces within NEGRA nodes is trivial, we evaluate remapping and combination ... OVED and F IND C ONTROLLER; in an abstract sense it mediates the gap-threading information incorporated into GPSG7 The relative node is D ISLOCATED in R ELOC M OVED and L OCUS in F IND C ONTROLLER ... deterministic positioning of trace insertion in the treebank In each case we use a loglinear model for node classification, with a combination of quadratic regularization and thresholding by individual...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... the graph as in Figure The in ation vertex is establishes edges with all other phrase and in ation vertices in the graph and weights are computed as in Section 3.1 The pipeline remains the same ... Proc HLT/NAACL, pp 17–24 Inderjit S Dhillon and Yuqiang Guan 2003 Information Theoretic Clustering of Sparse Co-Occurrence Data Proc IEEE Int’l Conf Data Mining, pp 517– 520 Inderjit S Dhillon, Subramanyam ... role of carrying syntactic information and smoothing From eqn (3) it can be deduced that, if for a phrase s, the amount of its outgoing weights is close to the amount of its incoming weights,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... In Proceedings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2003) B D Ripley 1987 Stochastic Simulation Wiley Minqing Hu and Bing Liu 2004 Mining and summarizing customer reviews In ... classification using machine learning techniques In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-2002) Ellen Riloff and Janyce Wiebe 2003 Learning extraction ... second kind of variance is due to the intrinsic uncertainties of data generating processes We assess the second kind of variance by collecting 1000 bootstrapped samples, that is, sampling with...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... the joint probability for scoring Figure gives the results for the Collins-CFG parser, and also shows the self-training curve for 335 Co-training versus self-training Cross-genre co-training 78 ... BO 90 100 Co-training rounds 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 100 Co-training rounds Figure 6: Co-training compared with self-training The upper curve is for co-training between Collins-CFG and LTAG; ... Self-training WSJ (500) Co-training WSJ (1k) Co-training Brown co-training Brown+ small WSJ co-training 74.4 74.4 78.6 73.6 75.4 74.3 76.9 79.0 76.8 78.2 Table 1: Results on section 23 for the Collins-CFG...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... to the presence of wind However, they remain active for a long time after the wind has blown), (4) choppy waves appearing for high wind speed and introducing nonlinearities in the sea surface ... of the line in the original image that effectively crosses a line in the original image Hence, this curve exhibits a maximum when the line is confounded with the wake Instead of thresholding the ... application of a line-detection algorithm to the center pixel of the ship There are an in nite number of lines passing through this pixel These lines generate a curve in the line-space Each point on this...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... Signal Processing spaced components in the SSP obtained by ways different from matched spatial filtering [7, 10–12] but again without aggregating the regularization principles with the minimum risk ... Member in 1995, IEEE Senior Member in 2004) received the Dipl Eng degree (with honors) in radio engineering in 1976, the Candidate of Sciences degree (Ph.D degree equivalent in the ex-USSR) in radio ... of remote sensing imagery for decision support in environmental resource management: a neural computing paradigm,” in Proceedings of Information Resource Management Association International...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... genotyping data [25] Model comparison In order to demonstrate the utility of integrating both normal DNA contamination and LRR baseline correction within a single analysis model; we examined SNP ... pro ling of heterogeneous tumors using SNP arrays Using formal statistical modeling we are able to jointly consider a number of complex factors arising in SNP array-based tumor analysis In a ... (6.8 fm/mg protein), EGFR -ve (7.8 fm/mg protein)) Case 601 (20 mm 30 mm tumor, grade with intraductal in- situ ca and in filtrating ductal carcinoma, node +ve, ER -ve (1.5 fm/mg protein), Her2 +ve...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... Multivariable analysis, including respondent factors Percentage point increase in predicted problems with self-care in six months (95% confidence interval) P value Percentage point change in predicted problems ... Multivariable analyses Percentage point increase in predicted mortality (95% confidence interval) P value Percentage point increase in predicted mortality (95% confidence interval) P value 70 years old ... of each patient having difficulties with washing and dressing himself in six months, assuming the patient survived Univariable estimates include only the variable indicated in the model Analyses...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... (remaining wells were devoted to obtaining measurements for standard curves and negative controls) Regression modeling Figure represents curves fitted using simple linear regression modeling of ... occurring in single cells, even complex interactions in pathways, may reveal themselves through the analysis of samples of mesoscopic size In many ways, this situation is analogous to one in statistical ... microfluidic-based assay to observe proteins being produced in real-time inside a living cell They provide experimental proof that proteins are expressed in bursts and demonstrate that the number...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22

... kinh nghi m CH2O B áp d ng vào công th c nên ta tìm Công th c phân t tìm c công th c phân t , tr c h t ph i xác nh c công th c kinh nghi m( SGK g i công th c chung, ây ã dùng tên công th c kinh ... Làm tròn s ho c dùng phân s t i gi n áp d ng vào công th c ó công th c kinh ghi m c a h p ch t CH2 Ví d Tìm công th c kinh nghi m c a h p ch t ch a cacbon, hydro, oxy n u 1.000g h p ch t em t ... nghi m).Thì nh ng thông tin v kh i l ng mol ( kh i l ng mol kh i l ng c a mol ch t kh o sát) r t c n thi t cho vi c gi i nh ng d ng toán có c công th c phân t t công th c kinh nghi m, tr c h t ph...

Ngày tải lên: 22/08/2012, 09:18

... configuration installation options are provides, the installation of the system starts: Notice that while the system is installing, the software RAID transparently initializes the RAID devices: Finally ... new, the partitioning utility will ask to create a new partition table If the disks already contains data, make a backup if needed (all existing data of partitions involved in the process will ... and running, and can be checked looking at /proc/mdstat and using mdadm command Before setting up GRUB, the resync of the RAID devices must be completed, otherwise the procedure may work incorrectly,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:11