applications in fats and spreads

... times between starting at the point x0 y0 and landing in the treacle The function ‘stats[random,normald](1)’ creates a random standard normal deviate (b) Plot a histogram showing the distribution ... random number The seed is set using the command ‘randomize(integer)’ before invoking ‘rand()’ Maple also provides another U generator This is ‘stats[random,uniform] (1)’ This is based upon ‘rand’ ... necessary to test for the independence of the random variables, and, secondly, by dividing the domain into intervals, we are essentially testing against a discrete rather than a continuous uniform distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... Victor and Sloane, 2007)] Cathepsins are classified mechanistically into groups which include serine (cathepsins A and G), aspartic (cathepsins D and E), and cysteine cathepsins (cathepsins B, ... immunoassay that demands binding of only one antibody molecule E coli colonies containing recombinant plasmids are lysed in situ, and proteins in the lysate are immobilized by binding directly to ... molecular cloning techniques for obtaining and characterizing purified animal proteins involved in cancer and aspects of cell biology The proteins thus characterized include human cathepsins (Wen...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:21

... Material Engineering Chapter 6: Applications in Medical and Biology Magnetic Material Engineering Magnetic nanoparticles Chapter 6: Applications in Medical and Biology Magnetic Material Engineering Magnetic ... Magnetic Material Engineering Chapter 6: Applications in Medical and Biology Magnetic Material Engineering Chapter 6: Applications in Medical and Biology Magnetic Material Engineering Magnetic Cell ... Material Engineering Magnetic Drug Delivery Chapter 6: Applications in Medical and Biology Magnetic Material Engineering MRI The principles of MRI rely on the spinning of specific nuclei present in biological...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... visualizing results, improving basic submodels, finding new, interdisciplinary applications, exploring new concepts, interpreting observations in a more generalized form, or even pushing the ... doing Computer Project Work, and Report Writing 6 Chapter However, it should be augmented later on by more independent work, e.g., deriving governing equations, obtaining data sets, plotting and ... complicated and interdisciplinary tasks, tomorrow’s engineers are facing (see NAS “The Engineers of 2020” at http:// national-academics.org) Also, an increasing number of engineering firms recruit...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 14:53

... experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and ... biotech and process industry Jianquan Luo, MEng, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mr Luo is an experienced engineer specializing in membrane applications in bioseparation ... used in corn 22 Corn Membrane Technology Steeping Heavy step water Evaporation Drying Feed Grinding and separation Fiber Germ Drying Oil processing Gluten Drying Protein products Starch Drying...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:04

... Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry, ... Applications in Science and Industry temperature of the ZnSe crystals increases In the case of pulse lasers, an increases in the transient temperature ΔT in materials can be estimated according ... structures in nano-scale, and thin films Others allowed better understanding of laser-matter interaction when sample is subjected to intense laser pulses of various time duration, shape in space and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... hot spots in the beams 28 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Depositing high LIDT coatings at Sandia’s large optics coating operation Coating large optics goes hand in hand with large ... Applications in Science and Industry of incidence (AOI), and the designs take into account behaviors of both S and P polarization (Spol and Ppol) electric field intensities resulting from interference ... this chapter Regarding the polishing and preparing of optics for coating, we have demonstrated in the case of an AR coating that using one combination of polishing compound and wash preparation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Spol intensities also reach near zero intensity minima at the coating layer interfaces and at the interface between the coating and the incident medium, and show no intensity jumps The Ppol intensities, ... Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Regarding polishing, washing and cleaning of an optic prior to coating it, we point out that residual amounts of the polishing compound embedded in the ... intensities exhibit significant ringing, with many intensity peaks over 200% of the incident intensity within ~ 34 layers into the coating, and with the highest peak at 340% of the incident intensity...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... strongly influencing the electron interactions, and eventually determining the structural modifications of the material TEM investigations showed that the films are a mixture of crystalline and amorphous ... Applications in Science and Industry to the vibration bath, which results in heating and triggering of a whole range of phase transformation processes in the material, including melting, ablation via the ... crystal grains in the films was increasing On the other hand, the average grains size decreased by about a half as an effect of shaping Temporally shaped ultrashort pulse trains applied in PLD of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... amorphous states In the writing process, a small volume in the thin film is locally and rapidly heated to above the melting point and successively quenched into the amorphous phase In the erasing process, ... chalcogenide phase change films In this part, the detailed process of writing and erasing will be described, and 76 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry the experimental and theoretical characterizations ... Science and Industry melting Tm and vaporization T f points are 512 °C and 738 °C, respectively It should be noted that T f is determined by the cross point between the tangent lines of AB and CD...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Interaction Interaction Between Pulsed Laser and Materials 1College Jinghua Han1 and Yaguo Li2,3 of Electronics & Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 2Fine Optical Engineering ... will induce various changes in refractive index, heat capacity, etc 110 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Fig Laser-matter interactions involve numerous complicated processes, inclusive ... improve the image quality while introducing a minor increase in the size of the object, all without changing the optical imaging parameters Laser Patterning Utilizing Masked Buffer Layer 103 Image...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... laser induced SiO2 thin film (Courtesy of Ms Jin Luo) 114 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry (a) Original SiO2 thin film (b) Damaged SiO2 thin film Fig 2.5 The XRD spectra of SiO2 thin ... background continuous spectrum and linear spectrum due to elements including in the plasma The continuous spectrum of radiation is mainly attributed to bremsstrahlung and recombination radiation ... Photonic crystal fiber and supercontinuum spectrum (Courtesy of Dr Ping Ying and Dr Zairu Ma) 126 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry 5.3 Color centers Laser induced color center is...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... powders in two ways By putting thin PETN powder layers in contact with ground 136 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry glass plates with PMMA block, we observed the detonation-induced ... simple and basically reliable measure of the real fluence value in any situation of the experiments, including in air or in water or in any fluid, applicable for any beam profiles adopted in this ... material interface E0 and E denote the Electric field strength of the incident beam, and that of the reflected beam 138 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry where suffices ^ and ∥ denote light...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... nanoparticles and to distinguish 156 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry between influences of shape and/ or size on extinction spectrum for instance Another important feature of nanoparticles in ... substrate types serving as electrodes is given by possible applications of Au nanoparticles-modified substrates in photovoltaic devices Therefore, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and/ or fluorine-tin-oxide (FTO) ... tubes allowing inert gas (Ar, 99.999%) to come in and leave, (ii) two electrode holders connected with a power supply, and (iii) a Au foil holder Inert atmosphere is employed in order to increase...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... ultrasonic bath, and then polished 174 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Fig Schematic representation of propagation of pitting corrosion in chloride ion containing solutions Table ... aluminum alloy is about twice that of the 2024 aluminum alloy 178 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Fig Changes in the diameters of fabricated artificial pits on 1050 and 2024 aluminum ... typical corrosion morphologyies of aluminum alloys in chloride containing environments such as seawater is pitting corrosion Many papers have been investigating pitting corrosion ((Ito et al., 1968),...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... thorough understanding of both the disciplines of biology and engineering is imperative to develop 194 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry an efficient system for handling biological ... determined partial hatching or thinning the zona is more effective Implantation rates were 2.8%, 9.1% and 8.1% in the complete hatching, partial hatching and zona thinning groups Clinical pregnancy ... Additional instruments used for manipulation introduce increased cost and possible damage to the embryo in the form of contamination and constant physical contact Applications of laser in IVF Since...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... narrower in the dentine, reflecting the large difference in hardness between enamel and dentine In addition, in the real-time imaging shown in Fig 5, a small flying particle (debris), is observed in ... enamel and dentine, and there is a remarkable difference in refractive index and hardness between these two materials The interface between enamel and dentine is therefore recognized clearly in the ... (2009) Advances and controversies in assisted reproductive technology Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, Vol 76, pp 50620 214 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Verlinsky, Y., Ginsberg, N.,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... response length and the sampling interval Δz0=cΔt0/2 of the lidar system, and by the noise level and bandwidth (Gurdev et al., 1998, 1993); Δt0 is the sampling interval (the digitizing step) in the time ... (or TOF) principle That is, the return signal profile in the time domain contains range-resolved information about the radiation-matter interaction (absorption and scattering) processes and the ... which is shown in blue line in the inset of Figure Depending on the delay time between the first aligning and the second aligning laser pulses, the field-free alignment can be instructive or destructive...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Ps(z) and f(=2z/c) are supposed defined and integrable over the interval (-) The finite integration limits =0 and =z indicate only the points where the integrand becomes identical to zero When ... with increasing the computing step Δz=cΔt/2, whose least value Δz0=cΔt0/2 is the sampling interval The finite-computingstep systematic (bias) error depends, in general, on the value of z and ... characteristicspike cuts and fast-varying alternating-sign (deterministic or random) uncertainties lead to small retrieval errors because of their small areas The results from investigating the influence of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Laser Pulse Shapes, In: Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with Lidar, A.Ansmann, R Neuber, P.Raioux, U Wandinger, (Eds.), 135-138, Springer Verlag, ISBN 3540618872, Berlin Dreischuh, T.N.; ... Vankov, O.I (2000) Lidar Profiling by Long Rectangular-Like Chopped Laser Pulses, Opt Engineering, vol 39, pp 1556-1567 276 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Stoyanov, D.V.; Dreischuh, ... allows high-resolution sensing of small finite-size objects by longer laser pulses, realizing in this way doublesided linear-strategy optical tomography of such objects The investigations performed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20