application state of the art and prospects

... have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work Any republication, referencing or personal use of the ... dissemination and a wider impact of our publications Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or ... Fig SEM image (a) of the micro-notch cavity from the side view: three arrows show the edges of the cavity at the fiber tip, (b) of the cross section with the fiber tip cleaved at the position indicated...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 01:20

... understand and work, and often exact words are used rather than symbols This book is dedicated to the thousands of oilfield hands worldwide who have to use formulas and calculations, whether on ... to reduce the volume of materials they must carry to the rig floor or job site Regardless of the reason people use it, the primary purpose of the book is to provide a convenient source of reference ... so it will lay flat and stay open on a desk The Table of Contents and the Index make looking up formulas and calculations quick and easy Examples are used throughout to make the formulas as easy...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:04

... variable, the degree of the feed rate variable, the degree of the depth of cut variable, the degree of the vibration variable, the degree of the surface roughness variable, the degree assigned by the ... D1 is L2 and V1 is S1 THEN Ra1 is S1, Equation (16.23) where AND indicates that the conditions of the IF statement must all be met simultaneously in order for the result of the THEN statement ... is the center of the linguistic level x, and xs is the width of the linguistic level x, equal to d After all of the input and output elements were determined, each element was assigned to the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... 30-foot seas, and hypothetically put two of the rig’s six thrusters out of commission Then they set the simulator to manual mode and let another visitor work the hand controls to maintain the rig’s ... consists of the submerged lands, subsoil, and seabed lying between the seaward extent of the states’ jurisdiction and the seaward extent of federal jurisdiction The continental shelf is the gently ... natural gas and oil reserves in an orderly and timely manner Meet the energy needs of the country 10 The Significance of Oil in the Gulf of Mexico Fig 2.1 The continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 18:20

... ‘square of the distance’ Therefore it follows that the greater the drill penetration into the workpiece, the progressively larger the deflection and, the further from the ‘true axis of rotation’ ... direction of motion, being the result of an offset of the lips that are parallel to a radial line – ahead of centre – which is approximately equal to half the drill point’s web thickness and increases ... available to alter the point profile, which has the effect of modifying the chisel point to allow a reasonable self-centring action (Fig 47b),  ‘Helical wandering’ is the result of the drill’s geometry...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... sizes, of > 5,000 components, to make the cost of the Special-purpose tooling viable 26 Amortisation, refers to the ‘pay-back’ of the tooling over the ‘life’ of the production of the parts produced ... is the ‘essence of importance’ in the production of the component, but it is not necessarily related to the overall quantity of the production run, • Tooling accuracy is reflected in the part’s ... there is a 1° misalignment between these centrelines, then the centrelines will be 0.43 mm apart at 25 mm from the point at which the centrelines cross at the tool’s tip 24 Part orientation and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... numerous pieces33 If the drill is rotated rather than the workpiece, the stress is re-applied to differing portions of the tip and, at the weakest point, namely the drill’s corner, the tip will most ... space between the inner and outer tubes The major portion of the cutting fluid is fed forward to the drill head, while the remainder is forced through a groove in the rear section of the inner tube ... suppression later in the text Probably the most popular type of boring tooling is of the cantilever type (Fig 59), although the popularity of either ‘twin-bore-’ , or 38 ‘Chatter’ , is one of the two basic...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... in the plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the bar The ratio of the amplitude of vibration along the major and minor axes varies with cutting conditions, furthermore, the inclination of these ... from the long overhangs, necessary to machine the hole depth of the component’s feature Therefore, the magnitude of vibrations in the overall system result from the dampening capabilities of the ... mentioned on the machined cusp height’s effect on surface texture, this being created by the remnants of the partial nose arc (i.e radius) of the cutting insert and the periodic nature of the selected...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... how the ‘polar plots’ are fundamentally modified at different hole depths, here the ‘plots’ are shown near the top, in the middle and close to the bottom of the drilled hole Correction of these ... either pre-drilled, or holes cored-drilled54 Due to the nature of the role of the burnishing pads on the hole’s machined and highly-compressed surface in Gun-drilling operations, it is not particularly ... core, prior to casting and it stays in the cavity as the molten metal is gently poured to cast the part (i.e cores are normally made from an appropriate sand and binder, or another suitable material,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... off the hole-making activities The most popular of these are briefly mentioned below, but this is by no means an exhaustive account of the many often hybrid operations that are available to the ... rather than to form it, via specially-modified tools that are fed to the other side of the part, then circular interpolation techniques are used to create the required back-face NB  With most of ... data to that of their modular tooling counterparts References Journal and Conference Papers Agapiou, J.S and DeVries, M.F On the Determination of Thermal Phenomena during Drilling – Part I Analytical...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... cutter’s diameter (D) Therefore, if the radial width of the cut equals the cutter diameter (W/D = 1.0) and, the engagement angle is 180°, then: The values of ‘Zc’ can be obtained from the Table 7, for ... reduce the tool’s ‘cutting life’ somewhat, but this is only part of the problem of off-centre cutting Returning to the cutter positioned centrally (i.e Fig 84g), here the direction of the radial ... method of component clamping, dictating: how, where and what will be the optimum method of ‘location and restraint’17 of the workpiece, but on exit from cut, the sudden disengagement and release of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... Manufacturing Eng’rs., Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook – Vol – Machining 4th Ed., SME Pub., Dearborn, Mich., 1983 Smith, G.T Advanced Machining – The Handbook of Cutting Technology, IFS/Springer ... A Practical Handbook AB Sandvik Coromant Pub., 1994 Oxley, P.L.B Mechanics of Machining Ellis Horwood Pub., 1989 Shaw, M.C Metal Cutting Principles Oxford Univ Press, 1989 Society of Manufacturing ... Technology Springer Verlag, 1993 Tlusty, G Manufacturing Processes and Equipment Prentice Hall, 2000 Usui, E Modern Machining Theory [i.e In Japanese] Kyoritu-shuppan (Tokyo), 1990 Zorev, N.N...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... Composition of the fresh fly ash (Class F) cl þ cl ð2Þ Subscripts s and l represent solid and liquid states respectively and h represents the contact angle of the liquid and the material surface The work ... decreases and those of CaO and Fe2O3 marginally increased with long hours of milling Particle Size, Surface Area and Surface Energy Measurements of Fly Ash The variation in particle size and specific ... mullite and iron oxide phases were evaluated with the duration of milling A steady decrease in the crystallite size is observed and the quartz phase suffers the most The same effect can be seen in the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... in the plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the bar The ratio of the amplitude of vibration along the major and minor axes varies with cutting conditions, furthermore, the inclination of these ... to the X-axis of the machine tool The arrangement of the inner and outer cutting edges of an indexable insert drill relative to each other, together with the drill’s position to the axis of rotation ... ‘square of the distance’ Therefore it follows that the greater the drill penetration into the workpiece, the progressively larger the deflection and, the further from the ‘true axis of rotation’...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... in the plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the bar The ratio of the amplitude of vibration along the major and minor axes varies with cutting conditions, furthermore, the inclination of these ... sizes, of > 5,000 components, to make the cost of the Special-purpose tooling viable 26 Amortisation, refers to the ‘pay-back’ of the tooling over the ‘life’ of the production of the parts produced ... ‘square of the distance’ Therefore it follows that the greater the drill penetration into the workpiece, the progressively larger the deflection and, the further from the ‘true axis of rotation’...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 10:21

... ‘square of the distance’ Therefore it follows that the greater the drill penetration into the workpiece, the progressively larger the deflection and, the further from the ‘true axis of rotation’ ... direction of motion, being the result of an offset of the lips that are parallel to a radial line – ahead of centre – which is approximately equal to half the drill point’s web thickness and increases ... available to alter the point profile, which has the effect of modifying the chisel point to allow a reasonable self-centring action (Fig 47b),  ‘Helical wandering’ is the result of the drill’s geometry...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 20:22

... The thrust force (Fig 49) is the result of the selected penetration rate (i.e feed), in combination with the bulk hardness of the workpiece and its work-hardening ability and the efficiency of ... rev–1 Therefore, the entire axial force (F) and torque (M), comprises of contributions of the lips, land and chisel point, in the following manner: • Axial force (F) – lips (50%), land (10%) and ... drill’s profile from the tip up to the chip flute, has its runout twisted by between 65° to 85° In the vicinity of the chip flute the runout (i.e the longest ‘lever arm’ of the force), is where the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 20:22

... sizes, of > 5,000 components, to make the cost of the Special-purpose tooling viable 26 Amortisation, refers to the ‘pay-back’ of the tooling over the ‘life’ of the production of the parts produced ... is the ‘essence of importance’ in the production of the component, but it is not necessarily related to the overall quantity of the production run, • Tooling accuracy is reflected in the part’s ... numerous pieces33 If the drill is rotated rather than the workpiece, the stress is re-applied to differing portions of the tip and, at the weakest point, namely the drill’s corner, the tip will most...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 20:22