appendices—immunological agents as therapeutic drugs

... Extrinsic pathway Mitochondria FasL/TRAIL/TNFR tBid Cytochrome c Apaf-1 Procaspase Caspase Caspase Procaspase Caspase Apoptosis Figure Death-receptor-mediated and mitochondrial pathways of cell ... of effector caspases (e.g., caspase-3) (Figure 3) Finally, both apoptosis pathway converged at the caspase-3 activation leading to cell death Apoptosis is characterized by cytoplasmic and nuclear ... AP-1 APAP APR AST ATP TTP BSA BTI CAT Apoptosis-inducing factor Alkaline phosphatase Alanine aminotransferase Activating protein-1 Acetaminophen (paracetamol) Acute phase response Aspartate aminotransferase...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:21

... reported G-quadruplexes as cancer drug targets subsequently [18,21,22], although relatively few have been evaluated in cell-based assays, or even with reliable in vitro telomerase assays [23,24] The ... telomerase, and hPOT1 displacement disregulates telomerase function [7,8] Also, although the classic telomerase inhibition model does not appear to be followed by G-quadruplex-binding agents, ... singlestranded overhang, chiefly hPOT1, as well as possible uncapping of telomerase from the ends There are likely to be multiple mechanisms involved, some of which at least have cross-talk between them...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... Th1/Th2 response was observed in the present study A predominant Th1 and Th17 immune response has been linked to the development or presence of an autoimmune disease whereas increases in Th2 cytokines ... Cells were then passed through separation columns where cells of interest were collected for further analysis Cytolysis was performed as previously described using P815 cells as the target cells ... Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry apoptosis detection was used in assessing cell death of the tumour cells Percent lysis of P815 cells was calculated as previously described [22] Gene Expression in...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... plaques was blocked by 2.5 mM of Ab42 peptide as described [20] Neurotoxicity Assay Cell culture MTT assay was performed as described previously with minor modifications [24,32] Human neuroblastoma ... chimeric WSN-Ab1-10 vaccine was at least as good as WSN-WT in generation of virus neutralizing antibodies, however it had an additional benefit as it also induced therapeutically potent anti-AD ... This media was then added (100 μl) to SH-SY5Y cells The treatment time was 18 h Untreated controls were run in parallel Following incubation, neurotoxicity was assayed using the MTT assay according...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Th1/Th2 response was observed in the present study A predominant Th1 and Th17 immune response has been linked to the development or presence of an autoimmune disease whereas increases in Th2 cytokines ... Cells were then passed through separation columns where cells of interest were collected for further analysis Cytolysis was performed as previously described using P815 cells as the target cells ... Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry apoptosis detection was used in assessing cell death of the tumour cells Percent lysis of P815 cells was calculated as previously described [22] Gene Expression in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... efforts such as the HapMap project – a database of genetic variations associated with human diseases and response to pharmaceuticals – may shed light on poor response to disease-modifying drugs in ... was due to a cytokine storm triggered by activated helper T cells, as suggested by the developer, or was due to some other mechanisms is not yet clear toxicity of the drug [8] Similarly, it was ... some patients with rheumatoid arthritis The development of innovative therapeutic strategies such as small molecular inhibitors, therapeutic antibodies, recombinant proteins and gene therapy poses...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... 1) unless the Z matrix protein was co-expressed (Figure Aiii, Aiv, lanes - 9) Nucleoprotein that was not associated with VLP was present in the input fraction, as assessed by corresponding lack ... containing LASV glycoproteins (Figure 3C, lanes 2, 3) LASV VLP glycoproteins display heterogeneous glycosylation LASV VLP containing Z+GPC+NP were treated with PNGase-F, Endo-H, or neuraminidase to assess ... saved as high resolution tiff files LASV Z VLP budded from the surface of cells as empty particles, noted by the lack of electron dense cores (6A) By contrast, LASV Z+NP and Z+NP+GPC appear as electron...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22

... enterokinase activates trypsinogen Subsequently, trypsin induces the activation of itself as well as other digestive enzymes including chymotrypsiongen, procarboxypeptidase and proelastase In contrast, ... CD4 T cells to release antiinflammatory cytokines that contribute to immune suppression As inhibiting Fas-FasL signaling (e.g., Fas fusion protein (Chung et al., 2003), or Fas siRNA administration ... effector cells and works as a mediator of pain as well as inflammation Pancreatic acinar cells are known to express NK1R and substance P has been detected within the pancreas (Osman et al., 1998;...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:04

... Klein R Hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease in diabetes Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 258-268 Haffner SJ, and Cassells H Hyperglycemia as a cardiovascular risk factor The American ... depolarization, as measured by FRET, was calculated As shown in Figure 3, a statistically significant linear relation between the changes in membrane potential and the transport activity of the cells was ... Another diabetes therapeutic approach is based on reducing intestinal glucose absorption using α-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose [34] α-glucosidase are key enzymes...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

... genetic alteration that can be targeted by specific drugs Background High grade gliomas, which include anaplastic gliomas (WHO grade III) and glioblastomas (GBM, WHO grade IV) are the most common types ... birch tree [25], has been demonstrated to potently inhibit the growth of neuroectodermal tumors, such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing sarcoma cell lines [26] as well as several human ... The obtained data suggest that these pharmacological agents could be selected as adjuvant drugs for the treatment of high grade astrocytomas that resist conventional therapies or that not show...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... 3 Degassed, 3% sodium chloride was used as the coupling medium (dg-Na+), otherwise degassed distilled water was used (dg-DW) Temperature of the coupling medium was noted; otherwise there was no ... transducer only produced MHz ultrasound Treatment apparatus A Plexiglas cylinder was used as the ultrasound chamber (70 mm diameter, 25 mm tall) The bottom of this chamber was a single layer of acoustically ... and during ultrasound treatment A ligature was used to prevent retraction of the testes into the abdomen by the cremaster muscle during treatment Ultrasound A therapeutic ultrasound generator...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... is the most strongly activated by SF2 ⁄ ASF Overexpression of SF2 ⁄ ASF in HeLa cells leads to a strong increase in Vpr mRNAs at the expense of other mRNAs [29] Vpr is an accessory gene product ... for IDC16 derivatives strongly support further assessment of inhibitors of SR protein splicing factors as a new class of antiretroviral therapeutic agents Concluding remarks The various approaches ... D2 signal results in increased splicing at the upstream 3¢ss A1, increased inclusion of exon into viral mRNA, decreased accumulation of unspliced viral mRNA and decreased virus production FEBS...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... tau kinases and phosphatases [3] One particular tau kinase pertinent to metal dyshomeostasis in AD is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) GSK3 has recently been implicated as a critical kinase involved ... across the plasma membrane, as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Once inside the cell, Cu and Zn, but not Fe, activated phosphoinositol 3-kinase mediated protein kinase pathways, ... the cuproprotein ceruloplasmin (Cp) in AD brain [22,23], but Cp activity has been reported to be decreased in plasma [24], despite being elevated in CSF [25] and in plasma [26] Furthermore, the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... interfere with Glx I assays Glyoxalase II activity assay was performed using the commercially available SDL-GSH and SDL-TSH prepared from T(SH)2 and MG using yeast glyoxalase I, as previously described ... Methylglyoxal assay Intracellular methylglyoxal was measured in L infantum (100 lL extract) with a specic HPLC-based assay, by derivatization with 1,2-diaminobenzene and using 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline as ... Methylglyoxal synthase activity was assayed by measuring methylglyoxal formation from DHAP The reaction occurred in mL reaction volume, in 0.1 m potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, at 30 C DHAP was added...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... followed by a destructive phase during which inflammatory cytokines such as IFNg, TNF-a and IL-17 are produced This step-wise progression, as well as cytokine switch, has led to the conclusion that ... IL-2 as a key player in Treg cell plasticity and heterogeneity These studies also shape our thinking as some human trials have been initiated that use Treg cellsbased immunotherapy Molecular basis ... as IL-2 is first and foremost a T cell growth factor, and as such, has strong proliferative effects on all T cells, including pathogenic CD4 + and CD8+ Teff cells For the past decade, IL-2 has...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... increase the speed of the proton transverse relaxation (decrease of T2), leading to a negative contrast or a darkening of the image For T1 measurements, the inversion recovery pulse sequence was ... nanoparticles are suitable as both T1 and T2 agents for MRI Conclusions We synthesized highly water-dispersible carbon-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for use as contrast agents in MRI The coated ... diameter of the carbon-coated nanoparticles measured by a DLS particle size analyzer was about 200 nm (Figure 2) This diameter was larger than the value measured by TEM due to both surface coating...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... activity was measured daily by the modified method of Anson (Anson 1938) using casein as substrate One activity unit (U) was defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzed the release of μmol ... U.mg-1) was defined as the activity per milligram of total protein, which was determined by the Lowry protein assay (Lowry 1951) Purification of P excavatus proteases The autolysate was centrifuged ... different substrates such as casein, fibrin, BApNA, and BTpNA was examined The assays for the last two substrates were performed at 37°C in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.5 based on the method of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... ligand as rotatable and DNA as rigid.52 The grid centre was established by centring the grid box on whole DNA Grid box size of 60 Â 80 Â 110 Å with 0.375 Å spacing was used Macromolecule docking was ... was sufficiently free of protein The concentration of DNA was measured using its extinction coefficient at 260 nm (6600 MÀ1 cmÀ1) after dilutions For the titration purpose, DNA stock solution was ... Absorption titration was conducted by adding varying concentrations (0.3–2.1 Â 10À4) of DNA The intrinsic binding constant (Kb) was determined by Eq 1, which was originally known as Benessi–Hilderbrand...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 13:23