apoptosis dependent and independent functions of caspases

... and WXH designed and directed studies, and were involved in the interpretation of the data and writing of manuscript BG, GFZ and FZ carried out the cells culture and HHV-6 infection BG, JFW and ... up-regulation of Smac/Diablo [17] Conclusion We demonstrated that HHV-6A induces cell apoptosis in PHFAs through both caspasedependent and -independent apoptosis pathways, as evidenced by (1) activation of ... with FACSCalibur and BD CellQuest Pro software (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View) The amount of early apoptosis and late apoptosis was determined as the percentage of Annexin V+/PI- and Annexin V+/PI+,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... with the definitions of adjectives and their semantic and syntactic functions of English adjectives Chapter III is a study to a new approach to semantic and syntactic functions of English adjectives ... He wore dirty, wet, old and worn shoes But, there are some fixed phrases of adjectives which are often linked by and : old and musty with, a long and winding road, hard and fast rules When the ... classification of English adjectives in terms of usage and their semantic and syntactic functions in the chapter as follows : 3.1 Classification of English adjectives in terms of their usage...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2013, 14:46

... level of tyrosine phosphorylation of the KDR and of PLCc decreased significantly (45% and 66%, respectively) following the addition of PF-4 (10 lgÆmL)1) This is consistent with partial inhibition of ... Values are means ± SD of three independent experiments **P < 0.001 (Student’s t-test) ERK1/2, but also of MEK1/2, induced by VEGF121 and VEGF165 We investigated the effect of PF-4 on Raf1 kinase, ... a percentage of the maximal incorporation obtained with VEGF165 (––) and VEGF121 (- - -) (B) Values are means ± SD of four independent experiments performed in triplicate effect of PF-4 on KDR...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... adhesion and transmigration were evaluated independently, as described in Fig Values are means ± standard deviation of three different experiments (b) and (c) Phase-contrast micrographs of MC/car ... Safety and Research (OPSR), and by a grant from Funds for Comprehensive Research on Long Term Chronic Disease from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, and the Program for Promotion of Fundamental ... factor-1- and CD106 (VCAM-1 )dependent mechanism J Clin Invest 2001, 107:305-315 Toyama-Sorimachi N, Miyake K, Miyasaka M: Activation of CD44 induces ICAM-1/LFA-1 -independent, Ca2+, Mg2+-independent...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... compared and displayed as Venn diagrams 10A compares GA and germination; 10B compares ABA and germination; and 10C shows the comparison of GA, ABA and germination The number of probe-sets and their ... regulatory and signaling components, and therefore to initiate a variety of transcriptional regulatory cascades and signaling pathways involved in germination and seedling growth The bin of Cell Wall and ... of the six stages should provide a representative and distinct physiological and developmental stage, and can be accurately and easily identified based on the relative timing of germination and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... gene silencing on expression of p21, p27 and p53 in NHLF Effect of6 Effect of p53 gene silencing on expression of p21, p27 and p53 in NHLF Expression of p21, p27 and p53 was examined in NHLF ... 4) Effect of p53 gene induction and silencing in NHLF Transfection of cells with wild-type (Wt) and dominantnegative mutation (DN) forms of p53 induced expression of a massive amount of p53 protein ... the results of mRNA expression analysis Severe hypoxia and DFX both increased expression of p21 and p53 protein, and decreased expression of p27 protein (Fig 3) To confirm the effect of hypoxia...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... macrophages and cells of other lineages and cause cell maturation, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, and release of several potent cytokines, prostaglandins, interleukins and platelet ... 0.0001 and experimental evidence suggests that only the monomeric form of Tat is biologically active [31] In view of the importance of storage and handling of Tat for preserving its biological functions, ... MALDI-TOF spectrum of the purified Tat protein Purified and lyophilized Tat protein was reconstituted in sterile distilled water and subjected to MALDI-TOF analysis (C) CD spectra of B-Tat and C-Tat...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:20

... Regulation and function of GFRα and co-receptor isoforms in neurogenesis 159 9.2.4 Functions of miRNA in GFL signaling and neurogenesis 159 CHAPTER 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS 161 10.1 Ligands and Chemicals ... interactions of GFLs, GFRα and RET receptor isoforms provides a new paradigm that allows a single ligand to exert a plethora of biological effects xi List of Figures and Tables Figure 2.1 Structures of ... signal is transduced through interactions of ligand bound GFRα with transmembrane co-receptor RET or NCAM Gas and Lrig interact with RET independent of ligands and regulate GDNF-GFRα-RET signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:13

... Nogo-A and its cell autonomous functions 30 1.3.3.1 Apoptosis 30 1.3.3.2 Organization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and 1.3.3 Role of Nogo-A in pathological conditions of CNS 31 formation of nuclear ... and adipocytes (Huber et al., 2002; Morris et al., 1999) Fig 1.2 Domain structure and topology of Nogo (A) A schematic diagram of the three major splice isoforms of Nogo (Nogo-A, -B and -C) and ... motif, and exons and encoding the C-terminus with the ER retention signal and the 3‟ UTR An illustration of the domain structures of Nogo-A, -B and -C is shown in Fig 1.2A Nogo-A is the longest of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:06

... chose to study the regulation of chemokine (C-XC motif) ligand 10 (Cxcl10), Egr1 (partially GCN2 independent) and Dusp16 (GCN2 independent) because the structures of these genes were known In ... starvation (Fig and Table S1) Focusing on the effect of GCN2, we considered that a gene was GCN2 dependent when it was not regulated in GCN2) ⁄ ) cells, and GCN2 independent when more than 75% of its ... in the GCN2 -independent regulation of gene expression Our results show that rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, regulates the expression of a set of genes almost as large as the set of genes regulated...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... mediated by caspases and not by the proteasome In addition, when we examined the time course of activation of caspases by cellular stress, we found that activation of caspase is greater and more ... (upper and lower) or h (lower) Endogenous levels of hDlg were analysed as described previously and the percentage of hDlg protein was quantified (lower) Values are means (± SE) of two independent ... a step in apoptosis that may precede cell–cell detachment Caspase -dependent degradation of hDlg A DGRD750 hDlg PDZ1 Effect of hDlg cleavage on cell–cell detachment and early stage of apoptosis...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... Fig The dipeptidyl peptidase (DP8) -dependent and dipeptidyl peptidase (DP9) -dependent impairment of adhesion and wound healing was independent of enzyme activity and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif ... inhibition of cell migration, increased apoptosis, inhibition of anchorage -independent growth and suppression of tumor growth in nude mice [16] Our own studies on DPIV and FAP in HEK 293T and LX-2 ... these effects are independent of enzyme activity and of the RGD motif in DP9 2448 Results Specific recombinant expression of DP8 and DP9 AD293 or 293T cells transfected with DP8 and DP9 showed consistent...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... assay One thousand cells of HeLaTR and FRTL were cultured in 100 lL of the medium in the presence or absence of T3 and Z-VAD-FMK at 37 °C for 48 h At the end of the culture, 20 lL of CellTiter ... treatment of the HeLaTR cells with T3, overexpression of 4-1BB in the HeLaTR cells led to the activation of caspases Activation of caspases by the overexpression of 4-1BB was not an artefact of overexpressing ... involvement of 4-1BB-L in the activation of caspases by T3 The biological significance of the modulation of PSG7, fmfc and BMP-6 expression by T3 also awaits additional studies Up-regulation of 4-1BB and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... CCL25 promotes proliferation and CCR9 -dependent anti-apoptotic signalling via the PI3K/Akt/GSK/FKHR pathway and independent of FAK These studies suggest expression of functional CCR9 contributes ... interactions support ovarian cancer cell survival and resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in a PI3K -dependent and FAK -independent fashion Journal of Ovarian Research 2010, 3:15 ... growth inhibition of OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 cell lines caused by cisplatin in a CCR9 -dependent fashion CCL25-induced cisplatin resistance of OvCa cell lines Treatment of OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cell lines...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... Figure Apoptosis resistance is independent of the magnitude of viral replication Apoptosis resistance is independent of the magnitude of viral replication A) Jurkat and J1.1 cells were incubated ... performing and writing the manuscript DAR and SEM contributed to experiments of apoptosis by Hoechst and APOBrDU DOC and GAR were responsible of experiments using Western blot analysis, and contributed ... persistently-infected cell lines is independent of the magnitude of viral replication Apoptosis resistance of HIV persistenly-infected cell lines involves modulation of the mitochondrial pathway In...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 06:20

... potential, degradation of chromosomal DNA and selective cleavage of a subset of intracellular proteins Caspases play a central executioner role in this process of apoptosis 1.3.1 Types of apoptosis Various ... classification of caspases Caspases can be functionally classified into two broad groups viz., apoptotic caspases and inflammatory caspases The mammalian and mouse apoptotic group comprises caspases ... DUAL FUNCTIONS OF CASPASE-4 IN APOPTOSIS AND INFLAMMATION UMAYAL LAKSHMANAN M Sc (BIOTECHNOLOGY) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR AND CELL...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 19:50

... representing one of two independent experiments Figure 4: Organization of infiltrates in the lungs of asthmatic mice: Frozen lung sections from OVA challenged C57BL/6J (A, D), LTβ-KO (B, E) and plt/plt ... lung inflammation is independent of LTβ and CCL21 Materials and Methods Mice LTβ knockout mice (“LTβ-KO”) backcrossed to C57BL/6 were kindly provided by Dr S A Nedospasov [1], and plt/plt (“plt”) ... magnetic beads and were i.v injected (5x106 cells/mouse) The phenotype of the donor CD4 Th2 cells was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis of RNA for IL-2, IL-4, IFNγ, and HPRT, and calculating...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:24

... dissociation of Bax and Bad from 14-3-3 is promoted by JNK via phosphorylation of 14-3-3 at Ser184; this reduces the affinity of 14-3-3 for Bax and Bad and translocation of Bax and Bad to mitochondria independently ... groups: the initiator caspases (including caspase-2, -8, -9 and -10) and the executioner caspases (consisting of caspases- 3, -6 and -7) The functional forms of initiator caspases directly or indirectly ... fragmentation, which is one of the most typical characteristics of apoptosis Regulators of DNA fragmentation One of the terminal processes of apoptosis is DNA degradation During apoptosis, DNA breakage...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20