animal models of self injurious behaviour an overview

... function and lesion biology By exploring the function of the CCM genes in animal models this gap is being CCM animal models bridged Animal models have demonstrated the central importance of endothelial ... in the category of animal models of disease, one can view the field of human genetics as probing a vast natural mutagenesis screen involving billions of individual organisms As in any mutagenesis ... denoted (a) and (b) C elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans CCM animal models genes are found not only in mammals, fish and other vertebrates, but are also found in much more simple and primitive organisms...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... Protection of animals used in the experiment was in accordance with Directive 86/609/EEC, enforced by the Italian D.L No 116 of January 27, 1992 Physical facilities and equipment for accommodation and ... the FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain of PTPH1 is necessary for the inhibition of Mek, Erk, Jnk and AP-1 and also for localization of the phosphatase on the plasma membrane of Jurkat ... accommodation and care of animals were in accordance with the provisions of EEC Council Directive 86/609 Animals were allowed to acclimate for week before the beginning of the experiments All...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... determinant of tree growth, and the concerns about the impact of climatic change on forest growth, the aim of the present study was to quantify the influence of local and regional climate on growth and ... providing a french translation of the abstract and title The financial support provided by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada, BC Ministry of Forests, and Forest Renewal British ... 34] and the Canadian boreal forest [7, 39] The southern limit of the western Canadian boreal forest was found to coincide with isolines of climatic moisture indices [29] However, our study stands...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... properties of a Persian-language version of the Beck Depression Inventory–Second edition: BDI-II-PERSIAN Depress Anxiety 2005, 21:185-192 Page 13 of 14 28 Gorenstein C, Andrade L, Zanolo E, Artes ... dimensional three-and two-factor first-order models, and their modifications (Figs 1, and 3), with the corresponding hierarchical models (i.e., higher - order and bifactor models) (Figs and 5) We also ... that ranges from to 63 The BDI-II has been used in previous studies of samples of students and primary health care attendees in the Arabian Gulf, including Kuwait [36,51,52], and an Arabic translation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... understanding of human ARF [28-30] There are three basic types of animal models in use for study of ARF: ischemia; toxins and sepsis models; and several subtypes Each has its own advantages and ... evaluating studies utilizing animal models Table summarizes these principles and other guidelines for the use of animal models in the study of ARF Despite their limitations, animal models remain fundamental ... [3]; the choice, validity and relevance of animal models of ARF [4]; and the choice regarding appropriate physiological and clinical end-points for trials of new treatments of ARF [5] They also include...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... 1391 Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease O Philipson et al Transgenic animal models Models devoid of any disease-causing APP mutations Animal models expressing wild-type (wt) human APP are of ... studies with animal models of AD Concluding remarks and future perspectives Transgenic techniques have revolutionized our ability to develop animal models of AD, and also contributed significantly to ... significantly to the understanding of molecular pathogenesis Today a wide range of animal models are available for mechanistic, therapeutic and functional studies They offer an appealing means to rapidly...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... Logarithmic values of *K and cK constants for model peptides and other XYH peptide analogues, representing the high-end and the low-end of anity series The values of constants were calculated ... Characterization of the copper (II) and nickel (II)-transport site of human serum albumin Studies of copper (II) and nickel (II) binding to peptide 124 of human serum albumin by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy ... in the middle of the range of values for both Cu(II) and Ni(II) Note that the variation of side chain substituents can result in changes of complex stabilities by up to six orders of magnitude,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... better than the performance of the CCM model of Klein and Manning (2002) running off of Penn treebank word classes Again, if we modify the gold standard so as to make determiners the head of NPs, ... achieve an accuracy of 44.7% on the Penn treebank, which is higher than choosing a random dependency structure, but lower than simply linking all adjacent words into a left-headed (and right-branching) ... part -of- speech tagging In EACL u 7, pages 141–148 Zach Solan, Eytan Ruppin, David Horn, and Shimon Edelman 2003 Automatic acquisition and efficient representation of syntactic structures In Suzanna...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... and apoptosis, and is frequently mutated in human cancers, including a significant fraction of secondary GBM A large number of currently described murine models utilize genetic inactivation of ... pan-suppression of p53 activity introduced by the use of germ line p53 inactivation alters immune system function in a number of significant ways in these animals, limiting the use of these models ... viral vectors can create a localized tumor genetically similar to human cancer in an immune competent animal [74] While these and other similar models [83-85] certainly represent an improvement...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... risk of arrhythmia and syncope, HCM can give dyspnoea, chest pain, and exertional angina [7] The cardiac symptoms manifesting in these patients can lead to proper management of the disease and ... Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PCS: SF-36 Physical Component Summary; HADS, and Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire; CAQ are presented as mean (standard deviation) and number of participants Hamang ... independent determinants in the regression models To investigate the ability of the models (which includes avoidance, attention, and fear) to predict levels of general anxiety, depression, and physical...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... experimental animal models through the expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-Tk) in cells of animals and then injecting the animals with 2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy-1-beta-Darabinofuranosyl-5-iodo-uracil ... such as 14F and 64Cu, which decay by emitting positrons that, on collision with an electron, emit γ-rays at 180° to each other Arrays of detectors surrounding an animal can simultaneously detect ... Cells can be labeled prior to transfer to animals or can be labeled in situ by injection of monoclonal antibodies labeled with appropriate isotopes [9,10] This method has lower resolution than PET,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... in animal models of arthritis This review focuses on the gene therapeutic strategies of restoring the cytokine balance and genetic synovectomy in animal models of RA, as summarized in Figs and ... mediator, and both cytokines can be produced independently in animal models of arthritis Recent human trials of IL-1Ra revealed moderate efficacy, probably because of poor pharmacokinetics and the ... illustration are reviewed in detail by van der Kraan and coworkers [111] and by Evans and coworkers [112] arthritic animal CIA in the DBA1/J mouse and passively transferred CIA in the severe combined...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... purchased from Charles River Japan (Kanagawa, Japan) All animals were kept in a specific pathogen-free animal facility at a temperature of 22 to 24°C, a humidity of 50% to 60%, and with a 12-hour day/night ... interests MU, TT, TS and IM are employees of Kyowa Hakko Kogyo MK was an employee of Kyowa Hakko Kogyo MU, TT, TS, AT and IM applied for a patent of an anti-FGF8 antibody for treatment of OA (WO2003/057251) ... removed, and cells were incubated with ml of 0.5% FBS/DMEM in the presence of FGF8 and/or recombinant human IL-1α (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) with various concentrations of anti-FGF8 antibody...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... proteoglycan-induced spondylitis and to determine expression patterns of a panel of relevant genes in a large number of distinct colonies of the susceptible mouse strain BALB/c Although induction of disease by ... Immunopathogenesis of collagen arthritis Springer Semin Immunopathol 2003, 25:3-18 Glant TT, Finnegan A and Mikecz K: Proteoglycan aggrecaninduced arthritis: Immune regulation, cellular mechanisms and genetics ... arthritis using animal models Immunol Lett 2005, 103:86-91 Rosenthal N, Brown S: The mouse ascending: perspectives for human-disease models Nat Cell Biol 2007, 9:993-999 Brand DD, Kang AH, Rosloniec...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... Conclusion Models are tools that mimic aspects of human disease It is clear that animal models have contributed considerably to further our understanding of arthritic processes and concomitant cartilage ... Exploration of the efficacy of anti-IL-17 antibodies in arthritis models revealed suppression of inflammation and tissue damage in CIA [64] and superior suppression in T cell-driven flares of AIA ... description of the disease and the influence of age, sex and genes Am J Pathol 2003, 163:1827-1837 28 Blom AB, van Lent PLEM, van Vuuren H, Holthuysen AE, Jacobs C, van de Putte LB, van de Winkel JG, van...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... predict the genetic merit of animals Usually in animal breeding schemes animals are selected on some criteria and so methods of analysis are needed that take account of selection Maximum likelihood ... variance matrix I + ZG,,Z’ and P X’HX)terms in C and P can be calculated in an analogous way to Graser et al (1987) by the formation of M, an augmented matrix of mixed-model coefficients and ... stages and the dimension of search is reduced Meyer (1991) showed the advantage of these techniques for models with equal design matrices and variance components In the recent analysis of data...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... as an explanation for the overlap of depressive and anxious symptoms the role of physiological arousal is less clear and has to date been more significantly related to panic than to other anxiety ... statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript RAA contributed to the statistical analysis and the manuscript IMG conceived and designed the study and contributed at all stages of both the study and manuscript ... analyses can yield “pseudofactors” as artefacts of item difficulty or extremeness and can generate incorrect test statistics and standard errors [11] The purpose of the present study was to analyse...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... mean age = 52 years; SD = 11.6, and mean years of experience as independent consultants = 22; SD = 12.5) There were nine at the rank of professor, two at associate professor, and one at assistant ... an internal consistency of 0.51, and explains 5.2% of the observed variance It refers to the awareness of the common side-effects of antidepressants and the efficacy of electro-convulsive treatment ... depression A number of themes about patients' and the public's lack of knowledge of depression emerge and are summarized below Recognition of Depression and Helpful Professionals Many people are not...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... Reports of Overdoses in the Community Reports of overdoses, both fatal and nonfatal, were common Participants reported having heard of a median of five (range = – 60) non-fatal overdoses and of two ... stimulation (67.8%) and CPR/rescue breathing (57.7%) Participants reported that an ambulance was called in 37.3% of the last witnessed overdoses and arrived in a median of 20 minutes (range – 60) Naloxone ... than their own (50% vs 28.3%) Self- sustained Overdose Experience Three quarters of participants had personally experienced an opioid overdose in their lifetime, and the median lifetime number of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20