animal models of autoimmune thyroid disease

... 1391 Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease O Philipson et al Transgenic animal models Models devoid of any disease- causing APP mutations Animal models expressing wild-type (wt) human APP are of ... aggregation in transgenic models and post mortem AD brain are poor natural animal models of AD, but intracerebroventricular infusion of Ab [15] or lipopolysaccharide in such animals has been used ... in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis Familial forms of AD, with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, account for < 2% of all AD cases Onset is most often before 65 years of age, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... cell had an expected count of Figure Distribution of X-chromosome inactivation patterns according to age in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases diseases Page of (page number not for citation ... predominance of females in most autoimmune diseases It would also be of interest first to study the XCI pattern in females affected with other autoimmune diseases and second to test the XCI patterns of ... etiology of autoimmune diseases, and in the female preponderance of RA and AITDs Skewed XCI was more commonly expected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells due to the very high rate of turnover of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... Animal models of Wilson's disease The LEC rat [36] and the toxic milk mouse are the only known valid animal models of Wilson's disease [11,37] Animal models of Wilson's disease – LEC rat The LEC ... an interesting feature of this particular animal model because hepatocellular carcinoma is rarely diagnosed in Wilson's disease patients [66] Animal models of Wilson's disease – Toxic milk mice ... contribute to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of copper-associated diseases This re- view demonstrates that there are numerous spontaneous animal models of copper-associated liver diseases Based on the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... not considered in the category of animal models of disease, one can view the field of human genetics as probing a vast natural mutagenesis screen involving billions of individual organisms As in ... to developing animal models of CCM disease Classically, a CCM consists of a cluster of dilated blood vessels [12,13] Each vessel in the cluster is grossly dilated, earning the name of a cavern; ... CCM animal models A C Chan et al quency [26,31–34] Although disappointing, this lack of faithful disease modeling has generally been the case for most mouse genotype equivalents of human disease...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... by the use of germ line p53 inactivation alters immune system function in a number of significant ways in these animals, limiting the use of these models for evaluating the effect of anti-tumor ... function of specific genes of interest and thus exploit defined genetic lesions to produce more biologically correct models of CNS cancers that result from activation and/or inactivation of endogenous ... critical immunologic functions Specific to the current discussion of the immune system, Table 1: A summary of existing animal models of brain tumors Tumorigenesis Method Implantation Genetic Technique...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... that a matrix of gait dynamic markers could be useful in characterizing different diseases of motor control [36] Comparable analyses of gait and stride variability in mouse models of PD and HD ... of motor dysfunction, we also studied gait dynamics in the SOD1 G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS [39] to compare gait variability in mouse models of basal ganglia disease to a mouse model of ... variability of the hind limbs was affected after the 2nd administration of 3NP (cumulative dose of 50 mg/kg) After the 3rd administration of 3NP (cumulative dose of 75 mg/kg), half of the 3NP-treated...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... around areas of plaque deposition [4-7] Chronic administration of ibuprofen can reduce plaque pathology and brain Aβ levels in these animal models of AD [8,9] There are numerous reports of increased ... levels of cytokines in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, and in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease [10-12] However, all these reports have focused on a small number of cytokines ... by brain slices from transgenic mouse models of AD at 15 months of age Cytokine production by brain slices from transgenic mouse models of AD at 15 months of age Freshly harvested brain slices...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... mouse models of OA [48-50] Interestingly, in explants derived from double mutants of Adamts5 and another major aggrecanase Adamts4, addition of retinoic acid was still found to promote release of ... Starrett JE, Tortolani D, Tramposch KM, Reczek PR: Inhibition of disease progression by a novel retinoid antagonist in animal models of arthritis J Rheumatol 2003, 30:355-363 23 Buttle DJ, Handley ... premature closure of the growth plate [27,28] To examine the status of the retinoic acid signalling pathway in OA, we have used two murine DJD models and quantified the Page of (page number not...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... experimental animal models through the expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-Tk) in cells of animals and then injecting the animals with 2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy-1-beta-Darabinofuranosyl-5-iodo-uracil ... of formation of the immunological synapse, a specific supramolecular pattern of receptors involved in immune cell communication, in vivo [42,43] Two-photon microscopy One of the limitations of ... metabolic status of tissue [8] In vivo studies on autoantibody involvement in human rheumatoid arthritis are thus possible An alternative mode of imaging is the use of single photon imaging of γ-emitting...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... investigation in animal models of arthritis This review focuses on the gene therapeutic strategies of restoring the cytokine balance and genetic synovectomy in animal models of RA, as summarized ... independently in animal models of arthritis Recent human trials of IL-1Ra revealed moderate efficacy, probably because of poor pharmacokinetics and the 100- to 1000-fold excess of this molecule ... leucocytes in RA and animal models of arthritis Okamoto and coworkers [72] showed that FasL is capable of Fas-mediated apoptosis of human RA synoviocytes Adenoviral gene transfer of TRAIL into rabbit...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... varying patterns of expression [14] Extracellular domains of FGFRs consist of three immunoglobulin-like loops (loop I, loop II, and loop III) Alternative mRNA splicing of loop III of FGFR1 to FGFR3 ... and progression of OA The purpose of the present study was to examine whether FGF8 is involved in the destruction of cartilage in OA models Initially, a rabbit meniscectomy model of OA, in which ... FGF8f specifically out of the four human FGF8 isoforms, and showed little binding to other members of the FGF family Neutralizing activity of KM1334 was shown by the blocking of FGF8b binding to...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... development and/or clinical progression of RA The purpose of these studies was to characterise the development and evolution of ACPA responses in rodent models of RA and MS, to gain insights into ... experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) [18] In this study we applied synovial and myelin protein arrays to investigate the development and evolution of ACPA responses in rodent models of RA ... objective of gaining further insights into the aetiology, evolution and potential pathogenic role of such responses in human RA and MS We demonstrate targeting of a limited number of citrullinated...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... to determine expression patterns of a panel of relevant genes in a large number of distinct colonies of the susceptible mouse strain BALB/c Although induction of disease by the usual immunisation ... genetics of rheumatoid arthritis point to subclassification into distinct disease subsets Arthritis Res Ther 2008, 10:205 Holmdahl R: Dissection of the genetic complexity of arthritis using animal models ... sub-lines of BALB/c mice showed modest but significant differences in immune parameters such as cytokine and antibody responses and clinical scores when disease was induced with suboptimal doses of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... likely that IC models mimic part of the RA pathology There is growing interest in the use of passive IC models, together with a range of transgenic knockouts, to identify Page of 10 (page number ... interests References Conclusion Models are tools that mimic aspects of human disease It is clear that animal models have contributed considerably to further our understanding of arthritic processes and ... 14 The Scientific Basis of Rheumatology: A Decade of Progress This article is part of a special collection of reviews, The Scientific Basis of Rheumatology: A Decade of Progress, published to...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... end of both inflammatory models, a panel of cytokines was analyzed in blood At sacrifice whole blood was collected from the heart of the animals and plasma was obtained by centrifugation 25 μl of ... accommodation and care of animals were in accordance with the provisions of EEC Council Directive 86/609 Animals were allowed to acclimate for week before the beginning of the experiments All ... right paws were used as reaction index for the individual animal A cut-off of 25 seconds was used to avoid tissue damage in case of absence of response Automated Von Frey test Mechanical allodynia...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... presence of chronic Q-fever hepatitis and autoimmune liver disease Serology for C burnetii is highly specific, and we are not aware of any reports of false-positive Q-fever serology in the context of ... features of both diseases Hepatic cytolysis and/or cholestasis are present Histological findings may be non-specific or typical of either AIH or PBC Serology shows markers of AIH (ANA, SMA) and of ... hepatomegaly without dilatation of the biliary tract First-time screening for autoimmune liver disease revealed smooth muscle antibodies (SMA)+++, an antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer of 1:320, antimitochondrial...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... userfriendly to the experimentalist Animal models that may be of great benefit to the study of the mechanisms involved in the development of COPD were described The importance of animal and strain selection ... induction of emphysema were also described It was evident from the meeting that much more needs to be done in this field and that the importance of having robust animal models of the disease that ... antielastase and lack of sensitivity to oxidants) Conclusion It was evident from this meeting that a great deal of effort is going on worldwide to produce animal models of COPD Page of (page number...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... al., 2001) 1.4 Animal models of asthma Animal models of asthma have contributed abundantly to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma Accordingly, they are of great value ... levels, the number of IgE receptors expressed on the surface of basophils, the clinical severity of asthma, the 23 frequency of exacerbations, and the corticosteroids requirements of patients with ... have broad utility in the treatment of pulmonary disease However, full knowledge of the therapeutic value of this novel compound class awaits the outcome of long-term clinical trials (Torphy...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 22:09

... studies on the effects of the intervention of these signaling pathways in animal models of asthma The purpose of my thesis was to investigate the antiinflammatory effects of genistein, a broad-spectrum ... TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLE xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCE PAPERS xv SUMMARY xvii INTRODUCTION 1.1 Asthma 1.1.1 Pathophysiology of ... Effects of U0126 on cytokine levels in BAL fluid 97 5.1.4 Effects of U0126 on serum immunoglobulin levels 97 5.1.5 Effects of U0126 on the expression of VCAM-1 in lung tissues 103 5.1.6 Effects of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... a greater understanding of the role of this process in the development of AD-type pathology Unfortunately, knowledge of the extent of complement activation in animal models is lacking This paper ... criteria for an optimal animal model to study this issue, (b) present knowledge about complement activation in animal models of AD, and (c) additional animal models which offer alternatives for ... Complement activation in animal models of AD: present knowledge The examination of complement activation in experimental models of AD has been limited to mice and rats The extent of complement activation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20