animal models in gerontology research
Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Chapter 2 ppsx
... charity 24 Quantitative models in marketing research 39.47%) Similar kinds of intuitively plausible indications can be obtained from the last two panels in table 2.5 concerning the pairs of Frequency ... binomial variable in the previous subsection In a sense, the resultant quantitative models to be discussed in chapter also quite naturally extend those in chapter Examples in the marketing research ... market In total we have information on 2,000 individuals, of whom 329 are in the low-risk category and 1,140 have the intermediate profile In order to examine whether or not the classification of individuals...
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Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Chapter 3 pdf
... defines 32 Quantitative models in marketing research the ðK þ 1Þ Â vector of parameters , containing the K þ unknown parameters , to K , and the  ðK þ 1Þ vector Xt , containing the known variables ... 34 Quantitative models in marketing research 3.2 Estimation In this section we briefly discuss parameter estimation in the standard Linear Regression model We first discuss the Ordinary Least Squares ... the maintained assumptions for the unobserved error variable "t in (3.7) are violated or that the functional form (which is obviously linear in the standard Linear Regression model) is inappropriate...
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Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Chapter 4 potx
... tossing a fair coin In that case, the probability of obtaining heads or tails is 0:5 When modeling marketing data concerning, for example, brand choice or the response to a direct mailing, ... we have considered only a single explanatory variable, and in particular examples below we will continue to so 54 Quantitative models in marketing research However, in the subsequent discussion ... same kind of DGP was used in chapter Additionally, in order to obtain binomial data, we apply the rule Yi ¼ if yà > and Yi ¼ if yà In figure 4.1, we depict a scatter diai i gram of this binomial...
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Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Chapter 5 pot
... restricting the corresponding parameters to zero Put another way, multiplying the numerator and denominator in (5.4) by a non-zero constant, for example expð Þ, changes the intercept parameters 0;j into ... An unordered multinomial dependent variable 77 for three models, because these are not included in version 3.1 of this statistical package 5.1 Representation and interpretation In this chapter ... for J ¼ (5.6) reduces to the binomial Logit model discussed in the previous chapter The model in (5.6) assumes that the choices can be explained by intercepts and by individual-specific variables...
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Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Chapter 6 potx
... categories In section 6.4 we illustrate the two models for the data set on the classification of individuals according to risk profiles Elements of this data set were discussed in chapter Finally, in section ... model Finally, we provide some details on how one can interpret the parameters of these models 6.1.1 Modeling an ordered dependent variable As already indicated in chapter 4, the most intuitively ... are ordered Mapping yà onto a multinomial variable, while preserving the fact that yà i i is a continuous variable that depends linearly on an explanatory variable, and thus making sure that this...
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Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Chapter 7 docx
... 134 Quantitative models in marketing research donation behavior may be explained by the age and income of the individual The regression-type models to describe censored dependent ... related to the Truncated Regression models Models concerning censored dependent variables are known as Tobit models, named after Tobin (1958) by Goldberger (1964) In this chapter we will discuss ... measures, model selection and forecasting In section 7.4 we apply two Tobit models to describe the charity donations data discussed in section 2.2.5 Finally, in section 7.5 we consider two other...
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Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Chapter 8 doc
... Quantitative models in marketing research In practice, for many problems we are interested not particularly in the density of the durations but in the shape of the hazard functions For example, we are interested ... In section 8.4 we illustrate models for interpurchase times in relation to liquid detergents (see section 2.2.6 for more details on the data) Finally, in section 8.5 we again deal with modeling ... corresponding hazard functions 162 Quantitative models in marketing research defined as the probability that the random variable Ti will equal or exceed t, that is, SðtÞ ¼ À FðtÞ ¼ Pr½Ti ! t: ð8:7Þ Using...
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Báo cáo y học: "The value of animal models in predicting genetic susceptibility to complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis" ppsx
... the speed of mapping in humans while retaining the advantages of animal experiments Relevance of findings made in animal models It is sometimes argued that findings made in animals are not necessarily ... mapping with the power of mapping in animal models One such resource is heterogeneous stocks, in which several founder strains have been intercrossed for numerous generations, resulting in a fine ... hypothesisconfirming results will be reported, without any correction for multiple testing Gene findings in animal models Linkage analysis of segregating crosses between inbred strains with different...
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Báo cáo khoa hoc:" On the use analysis of animal models in the of selection experiments" pdf
... larger than those obtained in the section setting, since more uncertainty is taken into account EVOLUTION OF GENETIC VARIANCE IN SELECTION EXPERIMENTS OVER SEVERAL GENERATIONS Moving from one cycle ... for the bias expected in breeding value prediction when an additive model is applied in a dominance situation In addition, the infinitesimal model cannot account for changes in gene frequency due ... For instance, in the simple case of design with s = n 1, V(D) and does not include the drift variance due to an effective population size of N = in each line, corresponding to one male and an infinite...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Animal models of amyloid-b-related pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease docx
... having sufficient power are therefore extremely important in minimizing the in uence of confounding factors arising from inherent problems associated with breeding APP transgenic mice and maintaining ... is now a renewed interest in studying APP processing in sporadic AD brain, and in understanding the mechanisms of Ab truncation and modification Most transgenic models produce mainly full-length ... Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease O Philipson et al Transgenic animal models Models devoid of any disease-causing APP mutations Animal models expressing wild-type (wt) human APP are of interest...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Using animal models to determine the significance of complement activation in Alzheimer''''s disease" pptx
... activation proteins in experimental animal models is a significant obstacle to determining the extent of complement activation in these models. ) In addition to neurons, complement proteins are synthesized ... numerous regulatory proteins including CD59, clusterin, vitronectin, C1-inhibitor, C4-binding protein, decay-activating factor, and Factor H, which inhibit different steps in the complement cascade All ... NFTs, and dystrophic neurites in the AD brain These findings are in agreement with in vitro studies indicating that Aβ and tau protein, the major components in SPs and NFTs, can fully activate human...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Examining the Viability of Broadband Wireless Access under Alternative Licensing Models in the TV Broadcast Bands" docx
... constraints dominate design—cost and usage Engineering the design of a network generally requires minimizing the cost of the system, while ensuring the operational demands can adequately be maintained ... the same band Access point cost The cost of building the BWA network infrastructure and paying for it depends on the cost of the AP and the cost of terminating to the Internet For these costs, ... spectrum In this case, the BWA operator will trade the savings in fewer APs against the cost of more spectrum We first introduce a system cost model We then introduce the spectrum cost and determine...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Image Resolution Enhancement via Data-Driven Parametric Models in the Wavelet Space" ppt
... | y)dx = (i) Initialization: obtain HR training image x0 by examplebased SR [22] (ii) Iteration: for every patch xl in the LR image, use the corresponding patch in x0 as the training patch and ... the training data—for instance, significant positive gain (> dB) is achieved for wheel (favorable training data) while the gain over lazy scheme becomes negative for leaves (unfavorable training ... S Kim, “Image interpolation based on inter-scale dependency in wavelet domain,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP ’04), vol 3, pp 1687–1690, Singapore, October...
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Báo cáo y học: " In vivo imaging approaches in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis" pot
... EC, Constantin G: Molecular mechanisms involved in lymphocyte recruitment in inflamed brain microvessels: critical roles for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand1 and heterotrimeric G(i)-linked receptors ... transferred lymphocytes A promising technology for tracking cells deep in animals is the use of paramagnetic contrast agents taken into cells using cell-penetrating peptides in conjunction with MRI [15,16] ... T-cell infiltrates in nonobese diabetic mice were readily detected in the pancreas [16] This suggests that the sensitivity is sufficient to be useful in tracking cells in inflammatory infiltrates...
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Báo cáo y học: " Gene therapy in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis: are we ready for the patients" pdf
... from local effects in the injected joint, it is becoming increasingly clear that local treatment also affects arthritis in nearby joints This is an intriguing and general finding, which may expand ... of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing their circulating levels and abolishing a sensitizing effect on naïve joints A conflicting finding was the protection of the ipsilateral hind paw ... TRAIL gene transfer induced significant apoptosis in RA synoviocytes [71] High Fas expression was identified in inflamed synovium, and in infiltrating leucocytes in RA and animal models of arthritis...
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Báo cáo y học: "Cartilage-specific autoimmunity in animal models and clinical aspects in patients – focus on relapsing polychondritis" ppsx
... tracheolaryngeal cartilage during active disease [28] In animal models matrilin-1 plays a unique role in the induction of chondritis in the respiratory tract Recently we presented a new animal model for RP ... with matrilin-1, whereas the LEW.1A rat, carrying the same MHC alleles as the DA rat, was a high responder [3] In the murine models, preliminary data indicate that similar strains, carrying the ... cartilage protein play a role in determining the symptoms and their localization 299 Arthritis Research Vol No Hansson and Holmdahl This is demonstrated in the matrilin-1-induced relapsing polychondritis...
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Báo cáo y học: "The role of T cell interleukin-17 in conducting destructive arthritis: lessons from animal models" pps
... IL-1β protein in the synovium [41] Intriguingly, blocking of IL-1α/β with neutralizing antibodies had no effect on the IL-17-induced synovial inflammation and joint damage, implying an IL-1independent ... enhances tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced synthesis of interleukin 1, 6, and in skin and synovial fibroblasts: a possible role as a ‘fine-tuning cytokine’ in inflammation processes Arthritis Rheum ... interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease Gut 2003, 52:65-70 Katz Y, Nadiv O, Beer Y: Interleukin-17 enhances tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced synthesis of interleukin 1, 6, and in skin and...
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Báo cáo y học: "Role of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) in animal models of osteoarthritis" doc
... developed using diaminobenzidine (brown) and counter stained with hematoxylin (blue) Very weak staining of FGF8 was observed in a few synovial cells, but not in other tissues in normal knee joints (d) ... administration of anti-FGF8 antibody significantly inhibited the increase in S-GAG in the joint by 42% (P = 0.0188; Figure 6) Discussion The present study provides new and interesting findings ... absent or minimal in normal joints cosaminoglycan release in the knee joint of rats Effect of FGF8 on monoiodoacetic acid-induced sulfated glycosaminoglycan release in the knee joint of rats...
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Báo cáo y học: " Epitope spreading in animal models: array of hope in rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis" pot
... citrullinated and arginine-containing control peptides [6] In RA, the anti-CCP response reflects the genotype-serotypephenotype model, with antibodies to citrullinated proteins being closely correlated ... citrulline containing peptides to responder T cells [8] Therefore, the most convincing murine model of RA is that of the recently reported DR4-IE transgenic mouse immunised with citrullinated fibrinogen ... Tomooka B, Braschler KJ, Arend WP, Robinson WH, Holers VM: Antibodies against citrullinated proteins enhance tissue injury in experimental autoimmune arthritis J Clin Invest 2006, 116:961-973 Vossenaar...
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Báo cáo y học: "Colony variability under the spotlight in animal models of arthritis" pps
... Arthritis Research & Therapy Vol 11 No Robinson same inbred strain of mouse, the universally studied BALB/c, which is the most susceptible to PGIA The goal of the research was to compare the incidence ... proteoglycan-induced spondylitis and to determine expression patterns of a panel of relevant genes in a large number of distinct colonies of the susceptible mouse strain BALB/c Although induction ... any differences in incidence and severity, the sub-lines of BALB/c mice showed modest but significant differences in immune parameters such as cytokine and antibody responses and clinical scores...
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