anemia secondary to acute blood loss icd 9

... Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss Definitions ... classification of anemias comprises three groups: decreased production of red cells, increased destruction of red cells, and acute blood loss. Red cell destruction and acute loss, both associated ... production defects are discussed in Chaps. 98 , 99 , and 100. Physical loss of red cells from the bloodstream—which in most cases also means physical loss from the body—is fundamentally different...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... hemoglobinuria, often associated with hemosiderinuria and an Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 2) Table 101-2 General Features of Hemolytic Disorders General ... gradual loss of cellular organelles and of biosynthetic abilities. In the end the erythroid cell undergoes a process that has features of apoptosis, including nuclear pyknosis and actual loss ... Bilirubin Increased (mostly unconjugated) LDH Increased (up to 10X normal with intravascular hemolysis) Haptoglobin Reduced to absent Note: MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 3) Figure 101-1 cause considerable iron loss, needing replacement. With chronic extravascular ... needs frequent blood transfusions. Chronic iron overload will cause secondary hemochromatosis; this will cause damage, particularly to the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis, and to the heart ... infection by parvovirus B 19, which may cause a rather precipitous fall in hemoglobin, an occurrence sometimes referred to as aplastic crisis. Inherited Hemolytic Anemias There are three essential...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... instead autosomal recessive (with the patient being homozygous). Figure 101-3 Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 5) Hemolytic Anemias Due to Abnormalities ... determinants that correspond to blood groups. Underneath the membrane, and tangential to it, is a network of other proteins that make up the cytoskeleton. The main cytoskeletal protein is spectrin, ... hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE). Their molecular basis has been elucidated. Hereditary Spherocytosis This is a relatively common type of hemolytic anemia, with an...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 6) Peripheral blood smear from patients with membrane-cytoskeleton abnormalities. A. Hereditary spherocytosis. B. Hereditary elliptocytosis, ... elliptocytosis, heterozygote. C. Elliptocytosis, with both alleles of the α-spectrin gene mutated. [From L Luzzatto, in J Gribben and D Pravan (eds): Molecular Hematology, 2d edition. Oxford, Blackwell, ... account for ~25% of HS. Southea st Asian ovalocytosis (dominant) Polymorp hic mutation (deletion of 9 amino acids); clinically asymptomatic; protective against Plasmodium falcipa rum....

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... However, an asymptomatic form, referred to as Southeast Asian ovalocytosis, has a frequency of up to 7% in certain populations, presumably as a result of malaria selection. Stomatocytosis This ... Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 7) Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis The spectrum of clinical ... prophylaxis postsplenectomy is controversial. 4. HS patients often may require cholecystectomy. It used to be considered mandatory to combine this procedure with splenectomy, but this may not...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 8) Abnormalities of the Glycolytic Pathway (Fig. 101-1) Since ... is usually associated with a very high reticulocytosis. The anemia is of variable severity; sometimes it is so severe as to require regular blood transfusions; sometimes it is mild, bordering ... woman during her first pregnancy, when the anemia may get worse. In part the delay in diagnosis is due to the fact that the anemia is remarkably well- tolerated because the metabolic block at...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... require exchange transfusion; if the anemia is less severe, it may present later in life or may even remain asymptomatic and be detected incidentally when a blood count is done for unrelated ... system, or both. The diagnosis of HA is usually not difficult, thanks to the triad of normo-macrocytic anemia, reticulocytosis, and hyperbilirubinemia. Enzymopathies should be considered in ... G6PD activity in most tissues, this is less marked than in red cells, and it does not seem to produce symptoms. Figure 101-4 Diagram of redox metabolism in the red cell. G6P, glucose 6- phosphate;...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... of comorbidity, full recovery from acute HA associated with G6PD deficiency is the rule. Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 10) Epidemiology G6PD ... hemolysis. The most serious threat from acute HA in adults is the development of acute renal failure (exceedingly rare in children). Once the threat of acute anemia is over, and in the absence of ... levels of prevalence, up to about 20%; the different colored symbols indicate ind ividual genetic variants of G6PD, each one having a different mutation. [From L Luzzatto et al in C Scriver et...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... of large dish of fava beans; but t rigger can be Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 11) Table 101- 5 Drugs that Carry Risk of Clinical Hemolysis in ... Microangio pathic Acute or chronic Red cell fragmentation Red cell morphology on blood smear Different causes ranging from endothelial damage to heman gioma to leaky prosthetic ... heart valve March hemoglobinuria Abrupt Mechan ical destruction Targete d history taking Favism Acute Destruc tion of older fraction of G6PD- deficient red G6PD assay Triggere d...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... screening tests, which are suitable for population Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 12) Figure 101-6 hemodialysis may be necessary, but if ... a history of NNJ, who may present with anemia or unexplained jaundice, or because of gallstones later in life. The spleen may be enlarged. The severity of anemia ranges from borderline to transfusion-dependent. ... The anemia is usually normo-macrocytic, with reticulocytosis. Bilirubin and LDH are increased. Although hemolysis is, by definition, chronic in these patients, they are also vulnerable to acute...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... due to a contaminated blood unit. Occasionally HA is seen, especially in children, with sepsis or endocarditis from a variety of organisms. Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to ... consequent to mechanical trauma to the red cells is mild, and provided the supply of iron is adequate, it may be largely compensated. If more than mild anemia develops, reintervention to correct ... clearly see that hemolysis is due to an inherited defect, but this is external to drumming. The other situation, which has been called microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, (Table 101-6) is chronic...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... hemoglobinuria, which the patient may Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 14) Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Except for countries where malaria is endemic, ... associated, on first presentation or subsequently, with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (Evans's syndrome). Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Treatment Mechanism of antibody-mediated immune ... produced responses. Anecdotal reports suggest response to intravenous immunoglobulin. In severe refractory cases, either auto- or allohematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used, sometimes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... other clinical hours is probably unique to this condition. Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 15) Severe acute AIHA can be a medical emergency. ... Donath-Landsteiner antibody will prove PCH. Active supportive treatment, including blood transfusion, is needed to control the anemia; subsequently, recovery is the rule. Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) ... "unspecific," all the blood units cross- matched will be incompatible. In these cases it is often correct, paradoxically, to transfuse incompatible blood, the rationale being that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... at least 5% of the total in the case of red cells and at least 20% of the total in the case of granulocytes. Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 16) ... Hypersusceptibility to C is due to deficiency of several protective membrane proteins, of which CD 59 is the most important because it hinders the insertion of C9 polymers into the membrane. The ... diagnosis of anemia, whether symptomatic or discovered incidentally. Sometimes the anemia is associated from the outset with neutropenia or Pathophysiology Hemolysis in PNH is due to an intrinsic...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:21

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:21