androgens studies in animal models of atherosclerosis

... possible An alternative mode of imaging is the use of single photon imaging of γ-emitting isotopes like 11 1In or 99Tc Imaging of γ-emitting isotopes is referred to as single photon emission commuted ... signs of inflammation The groundwork for further studies on the dynamics of lymphocyte interactions in the synovium has thus been established 168 Most of the work in intravital imaging of leukocytes ... be collected in a couple of minutes of recording, the migration of leukocytes in tissues is relatively slow and requires many minutes of recording to track cells This longer imaging period requires...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... reduction in local production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing their circulating levels and abolishing a sensitizing effect on naïve joints A conflicting finding was the protection of ... exacerbations of chronic inflammation in the joint Expression profiles in experimental arthritis models showed that the relative amounts of cytokines present in the joint vary according to disease ... currently under investigation in animal models of arthritis This review focuses on the gene therapeutic strategies of restoring the cytokine balance and genetic synovectomy in animal models of RA, as...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... Figure Intraarticular injection of FGF8 induced the sulfated glycosaminoglycan release in knee joints and destruction of patella Fifty micrograms of FGF8 patella was injected into the knee joint of ... significantly inhibited FGF8-induced incorporation of [3H]thymidine Articular destruction by intraarticular injection of FGF8 into the rat knee joint The activity of FGF8 on the knee joint was tested ... An injection of 50 μg/site FGF8 increased the concentration of S-GAG in joint fluid (Figure 5a) The amount of S-GAG in the FGF8 injection group was 4.2 times higher than that of the saline injection...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... proteoglycan-induced spondylitis and to determine expression patterns of a panel of relevant genes in a large number of distinct colonies of the susceptible mouse strain BALB/c Although induction of disease ... strengthens the validity of previous studies of the PGIA model in different laboratories, and throws down the gauntlet as a challenge to research groups that use inbred strains of mice as models for other ... rheumatoid arthritis point to subclassification into distinct disease subsets Arthritis Res Ther 2008, 10:205 Holmdahl R: Dissection of the genetic complexity of arthritis using animal models Immunol...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... [25,26] CARR injection in the hind paw of the mouse is one of the most commonly used models of inflammation and inflammatory pain and it has a biphasic profile [27] Recent studies pointed out important ... prepared in saline 30 μL of saline were injected as control in the controlateral paw No major adverse effects were observed after injection of 2% carrageenan in the right paw of the mice All the animals ... activating NFκBinducing kinases, including IκB kinases (IKK) IKKs promote NFκB heterodimers translocation into the nucleus, leading to the transcription of targeted genes [66,67] Several studies...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... proteins include protein serine-threonine kinases (Akt and phosphoinositidedependent kinase (PDK1)), protein tyrosine kinases (Btk and Tec family), exchange factor for GTP-binding proteins (Grp1 ... Inhibition of cytokines (e.g IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) is a promising way of obtaining efficacious drugs for asthma There are several potential ways of inhibiting cytokine effects including blocking antibodies, ... Tyrosine kinase signaling cascade 1.2.1 Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) Protein tyrosine kinases are enzymes that carry out tyrosine phosphorylation by catalyzing the transfer of the γ phosphate of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 22:09

... daidzein on OVA-induced BAL fluid eosinophilia in guinea pigs 4.8 78 86 Effects of genistein on EGF-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in guinea pig lung fragments 88 5.1 OVA-induced cell infiltration ... were no studies on the effects of the intervention of these signaling pathways in animal models of asthma The purpose of my thesis was to investigate the antiinflammatory effects of genistein, a ... examination of inflammatory cell infiltration into the trachea in guinea pigs 4.9E-H 80 Effects of genistein on EPO activity in cell-free BAL fluid in guinea pigs 4.9A-D 79 Effects of genistein or...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... 1391 Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease O Philipson et al Transgenic animal models Models devoid of any disease-causing APP mutations Animal models expressing wild-type (wt) human APP are of interest ... important in minimizing the in uence of confounding factors arising from inherent problems associated with breeding APP transgenic mice and maintaining stable phenotypes We would argue that a single ... similar in single- and doubletransgenic mice [96] The findings are relevant to the Lewy body variant of AD with a-synuclein inclusions Instead of cross-breeding two single-transgenic models, several...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... Venables reported in one previous study of collagen-induced arthritis [5], though other studies have found equal binding to both citrullinated and arginine-containing control peptides [6] In RA, the ... most convincing murine model of RA is that of the recently reported DR4-IE transgenic mouse immunised with citrullinated fibrinogen [9] The impressive, though often uncontrolled, array of data ... BH, Kanter JL, Steinman L, Robinson WH: Epitope spreading to citrullinated antigens in mouse models of autoimmune arthritis and demyelination Arthritis Res Ther 2008, 10:R119 Kinloch A, Lundberg...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... Anti-inflammatory effects of KHU14 on animal models of acute inflammation Anti-inflammatory effects of KHU14 on animal models of acute inflammation (A) Ear edema in mice (n = 10) (B) Paw edema in ... effects of KHU14 on acute inflammation We employed three animal models of acute inflammation to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of KHU14: (1) inhibition of croton oil-induced ear edema in mice; ... Thirty minutes after the administration, each mouse was intravenously injected (at the tail) with 0.1 ml of 4% Evans blue (10 μl/g of body weight, Sigma, USA) in saline Fifteen minutes after the intravenous...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... preprocholecystokinin The signal peptide consists of residues 20 to The amino terminal flanking peptide consists of residues to 25 The largest characterized form from brain and intestine, CCK-58, consists of ... Figure 1-6 Interactions between mammalian corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)like peptides, their receptors and the CRF binding protein (CRF-BP) Binding to the CRF-BP or activation of CRF1 or ... of CCK4 on context- and tone-dependent fear conditioning after i.h injection Mice were injected with 50ng CCK4 30min before training Context- and tone-dependent fear conditioning were determined...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... increase brain levels of 'free CRF' in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and show cognition-enhancing properties in models of learning and memory in animals without the characteristic stress effects of ... currently in late phase II trials for the treatment of anxiety It appeared to have an anxiolytic effect in a variety of tests on animal models, including punished drinking tests, social interaction ... especially interesting in view of the coexistence of CCK and dopamine in midbrain neurons and the regulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways by both CCK1 and CCK2 receptors 2.3 Function of CCK-related...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... Role of CRF2 receptors in anxiety 35 Table of Contents 4.5 Role of the CRF system in memory and learning Animal Models vi 37 39 5.1 Introduction 39 5.2 Validity criteria of an animal model 40 5.3 ... (Glu11,16)-astressin I.c.v injection of CCK4 before training, but not after training, reduced the freezing behavior of mice on both context- and tone-dependent fear conditioning This impairment ... BZ benzodiazepine cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate CCK cholecystokinin CNS central nervous system CORT corticosterone CRF corticotropin-releasing factor CRF-BP CRF-binding protein CS conditioned...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... phenotype was seen in only a small percentage of fish Combining this low dose of rap1b morpholino with a similarly low dose of san morpholino resulted in a synergistic increase in both the intracerebral ... protein function and lesion biology By exploring the function of the CCM genes in animal models this gap is being CCM animal models bridged Animal models have demonstrated the central importance of ... normal number of cells, but instead of building into concentric layers to form the walls of the heart, the myocardial cells form into a single layer, resulting in a dilated, thin-walled heart...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... alterations seen in these rodents obviously limits the use of the xenograft models in some immunologic investigations, namely studies involving T-cell related immunity These models however maintain some ... of both the PDGF isoform, PDGF-B, and the receptor PDGF-R frequently occur in gliomas, suggesting the potential role of a malfunctioning autocrine signaling loop in the pathogenesis of some of ... engineered mouse models of brain cancer and the promise of preclinical testing Brain Pathol 2009, 19:132-143 Rao G, Pedone CA, Coffin CM, Holland EC, Fults DW: c-Myc enhances sonic hedgehog-induced...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... NI, Husain SR, Kreitman RJ, Haas GP, Pastan I, Debinski W: Targeting of interleukin-13 receptor on human renal cell carcinoma cells by a recombinant chimeric protein composed of interleukin-13 ... this novel combination therapeutic approach is safe Future studies will examine systemic administration of IL-13-PE in combination with HDAC inhibitors in syngenic animal tumor models Taken together, ... HDAC inhibition increases the anti-cancer effect of IL-13PE targeting IL-13Ra2 in vitro and in vivo As HDAC inhibition increased IL-13Ra2 expression in IL-13Ra2-negative but not in normal cell lines,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... but were mainly clustered with intermediate sensitivity AML Interestingly, introducing both CD34+ and CD33+my cell sensitivity to a-bisabolol (as the mean value of cases) in clustering analysis ... proliferation of the cell line Means ± SD of experiments Right side Plot showing the corrisponding combination index (CI) vs the fraction affected (Fa) CI values are

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... failure of hind limb stepping Our findings of different effects of 3NP on gait dynamics of forelimbs and hind limbs are in accordance with previous motor behavioral assessments in 3NP-treated animals ... ventral view of a 3NP-treated mouse attempting to walk on the treadmill belt moving at a speed of 34 cm/s but failing to engage the hind limbs in coordinated stepping This animal braced its hind paws ... that braced their hind limbs against the inside walls of the walking compartment while simultaneously maintaining coordinated gait of the forelimbs [59] may suggest that 3NP-induced cognitive...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... profile of macrophages can change, shutting down the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the production of factors that participate in tissue repair and wound healing [6] Anti-inflammatory, ... profile Alternative activation gene profiles in mouse models of AD Since alternative activation could be demonstrated in vitro using the expression of specific genes, we determined if mouse models ... Resistin family lar to those stages observed in chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung or liver, including the induction of alternative activation A shift to alternative activation in brain innate...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... NI, Husain SR, Kreitman RJ, Haas GP, Pastan I, Debinski W: Targeting of interleukin-13 receptor on human renal cell carcinoma cells by a recombinant chimeric protein composed of interleukin-13 ... this novel combination therapeutic approach is safe Future studies will examine systemic administration of IL-13-PE in combination with HDAC inhibitors in syngenic animal tumor models Taken together, ... HDAC inhibition increases the anti-cancer effect of IL-13PE targeting IL-13Ra2 in vitro and in vivo As HDAC inhibition increased IL-13Ra2 expression in IL-13Ra2-negative but not in normal cell lines,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20