and nanoscales why are they important

... frequency of a term, Ni its total frequency, and Ei = (Ni · i Oi )/ i Ni its expected frequency in corpus i (where i takes values and for the standard and sample corpus, respectively) Then, the ... entry, the text of the post along with the date and time are indexed Posts without an explicit mood indication (10M) are discarded We applied standard preprocessing steps (stopword removal, stemming) ... set of blog posts, referred to as the standard corpus, and (2) a corpus associated with the peaking interval, referred to as the sample corpus To compare word frequencies across the two corpora...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... mutations are known, and only a handful are nonsense mutations or involve the replacement of a residue in the active site of GCase The vast majority of the disease-causing mutations occur randomly ... protein, preventing aggregation and restoring proper steady-state levels Where are chaperones important? Protein chaperones function in most cellular compart­ ments, and small-molecule chaperones ... protein crystallography: liganded proteins tend to crystallize more readily than their unliganded counterparts because their structures are more stable Therefore, the obvious candidates for specific...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... maturity phase and finally an eventual period of decline as sales fall Marketers must careful research on how long the life cycle of the product they are marketing is likely to be and focus their ... an important role by building a brand’s name in the market It takes years to build up a good reputation and then you must marketing to maintain that reputation Many big companies spend thousands ... but also their referrals If your customers are happy with you they will definitely refer others to you There are countless examples of companies that are making good profits by using existing...

Ngày tải lên: 15/05/2015, 12:39

... using a specific anti-apoA-II serum Fig 4B, the intact apoA-I (band a), an intermediary fragment (band b) and a more stable third band (band c) were recognized by the specific antiserum against carp ... that they might Certainly there is no reason why apolipoproteins in the skin secretion should function independently from apolipoproteins and HDL in the plasma In both, apoA-I and apoA-II are ... Chile We are also grateful for grants MECESUP AUS 0006 and AUS 0005 that supported the research visits of M.I.C to the Gatty Marine Laboratory University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK and of V.J.S...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... consideration of the costs and resources are important if we are to give the most benefit to the greatest number of patients in the future The subjects of cost and resource use are now beginning to ... chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Crit Care Med 1995, 23:1807-1815 Anderson GF: In search of value: an international comparison of cost, access, and outcomes Health Aff (Millwood) 1997, 16: ... outcomes Health Aff (Millwood) 1997, 16: 163-171 Finally, it is clear that the demand for health care resources (and thus cost) is outstripping the supply in most countries throughout the world...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... find a harmony between what they expect and what they are able to realize from life But suppose the pains of separation are amplified by a combination of parental demands and individual needs to ... should surface, and reducing tensions In this enabling process, managers’ tactics appear flexible: on one hand, they negotiate and bargain; on the other, they use rewards, punishments, and other forms ... managers and leaders make in their careers Managers see themselves as conservators and regulators of an existing order of affairs with which they personally identify and from which they gain...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 07:15

... effects See Ramey (2011) and Cwik and Wieland (2011) for recent surveys (Linnemann and Schabert, 2003; Baxter and King, 1993) and intertemporal substitution effects (Davig and Leeper, 2011; Woodford, ... when credit constraints are tight (Columns (III) and (VI)) Although the coefficients are significant only at the 13- and 11-percent significance levels in the L = subsample, they are in a similar order ... Fat´s and Mihov, 2001), we use a T axit as an additional proxy since government revenues are rather sensitive with respect to the business cycle (see e.g Auerbach and Feenberg, 2000; Cottarelli and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... show a significant and positive, but far from perfect correlation between margins and spreads Overhead costs and loan loss provisions are positively and market share in deposit and lending markets ... privatization dummy and foreign share in deposits are significant in some model specifications, they are not consistently significant across both the median least squares and robust regressions ... R-squared 0.28 0.551 0.635 0.301 0.876 0.835 0.927 0.877 All regressions are run with median least square P values from clustered standard errors in parentheses All variables and their sources are...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... ongoing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases as well (though there is no malaria transmission, and only 171 HIV cases had been diagnosed between 1989 and 2004) [6] There are 406 established ... filled by expatriates and 65 (16.0%) were unfilled in 2006[7] There is universal access to health care [6], and the vast majority of the population receives inpatient care in the public system ... in developing countries, and these have usually not focused on migration and retention issues [13-19] A number of surveys and qualitative studies have looked at reasons why doctors migrate or consider...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/2/1/3 B- and T-cells are primed to recognize a broad spectrum of determinants [25] Thus, superinfections are rare, even in subjects likely to have been serially ... definition, have altered T- and B-cell determinants, allowing escape from the established antibodies and T-cell receptors Following several rounds of immune response and virus escape, the http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/2/1/3 ... even within a single clade Careful vaccine design may reveal a cocktail formulation able to prevent virus infections in every world region, and to overcome the political and financial dilemmas associated...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... #5 i i Contents Preface and Acknowledgments General Introduction and Outline of the Book References ix 14 P A R T WHY ARE THERE SO MANY BANKING CRISES? 19 Chapter Why Are there So Many Banking ... Hancock and Kwast 2001; Jagtiani et al 2000; and Pettway and Sinkey 1980) 18 A similar point was made earlier by Pettway and Sinkey (1980) They showed that both accounting information and equity ... in two respects: banks’ assets are traditionally viewed as “opaque,” 12 and banks are subject to regulation and supervision, which implies that bank supervisors are already in possession of detailed...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... on returns and signals More specifically, we will assume that the distributions of R and are normal, with respective ¯ means R and and respective precisions (i.e., inverse variances) α and β Denoting ... 2000; Goodhart and Huang 1999, 2000) The LLR should lend freely against good collateral, valued at precrisis levels, and at a penalty rate These conditions are due to Bagehot (1873) and are also presented, ... technology and liquidity shocks for depositors than in Diamond and Dybvig (1983) The present model is instead adapted from the “global game” analysis of Carlsson and Van Damme (1993) and Morris and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... Conditions (3.7) and (3.8) are satisfied if the costs of efforts e0 and e1 are small and if δ (the increase in the probability of success) and ∆β (the reduction in the probability of solvency) are large ... IFIAC Jacklin, C., and S Bhattacharya 1988 Distinguishing panics and informationbased bank runs: welfare and policy implications Journal of Political Economy 96:568–92 Jeanne, O., and C Wyplosz 2003 ... later At date t = 2, returns of the investments are divided between depositors and a bank’s shareholders 3.2.1 Banks and Depositors As in Diamond and Dybvig (1983), banks serve a large number of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... banks (which are not detected because supervisors are inefficient) have no incentive to declare bankruptcy and thus are not closed: they borrow λI at the same terms as illiquid banks and invest it ... ambiguous (Flannery and Sorescu 1996; Gorton and Santomero 1990) Several studies (Hannan and Hanweck 1988; Ellis and Flannery 1992; Cook and Spellman 1996) conclude that uninsured (and paradoxically ... Martinez Peria and Schmukler (2001) study the banking crises in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico in 1994–95 and show that depositors are able to distinguish the “bad” banks and that they “punish”...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... welfares of banks and and their depositors as in the autarkic case, 15 subject to (i) the interim incentive constraints guaranteeing that the banks are diligent when they are not liquidated, and ... Switzerland Furlong, F., and M Keeley 1989 Bank capital regulation and risk taking: a note Journal of Banking and Finance 13:883–91 Gorton, G., and A Santomero 1990 Market discipline and bank ... bank closures Boot, A., and S Greenbaum 1993 Bank regulation, reputation and rents: theory and policy implications In Capital Markets and Financial Intermediation (ed C Mayer and X Vives) Cambridge...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... the latter be aware of those bilateral positions) and are not supposed to monitor each other The settlement agent is the sole monitor and is entitled to reduce overdrafts, demand collateral, ... economy with N locations and the equilibria in a one-location DD model These results are also related to the papers by Bhattacharya and Gale (1987) and Bhattacharya and Fulghieri (1994) that ... (7.8) and the definition of γ we see that Di and only if γ D0 /R D0 for all i if Several comments are in order Proposition 7.2 highlights an important aspect of the tension between efficiency and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... Pyle (1971) and Hart and Jaffee (1974) Banks are supposed to behave as competitive portfolio managers, in the sense that first they take prices (and yields) as given, and second that they choose ... where there are three locations (N = 3) Locations and are peripheral locations and location is a money center location All the travelers of locations and must consume at location 1, and one-half ... markets are supposed to be complete and depositors are perfectly informed about the failure risks of banks Then the Modigliani–Miller indeterminacy principle applies and the market values of banks are...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... is the increment of a Wiener process and µ and σ are the drift and volatility of asset value For simplicity, we assume that all investors are risk neutral 11 and discount the future at a constant ... Kahane, Y 1977 Capital adequacy and the regulation of financial intermediaries Journal of Banking and Finance 2:207–17 Kareken, J H., and N Wallace 1978 Deposit insurance and bank regulation: a partial ... necessarily miss important consequences of bank solvency regulations 10 The simplest dynamic models are in discrete time, like those of Calem and Rob (1996) or Buchinsky and Yosha (1997), but they typically...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... of Banking and Finance 14(1):69–84 Gennotte, G., and D Pyle 1991 Capital controls and bank risk Journal of Banking and Finance 15:805–24 Gropp, R., J Vesala, and G Vulpes 2002 Equity and bond market ... externality for debtholders and the continuation (or expansion) decisions are suboptimal because equityholders not internalize this effect Anderson and Sundaresan (1996) and Mella-Barral (1999) elaborate ... on two strands of the literature: • Corporate finance models like those of Leland and Toft (1996) and Ericsson (2000) that analyze the impact of debt maturity on asset substitution and firm value...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla, Comunidad Valenciana, La Rioja and Andalusia (from 12 to 16%) and the lowest rates are found in Asturias, Castilla la Mancha, Galicia, Madrid and Basque Country ... 1990s [3] There are important differences within and between countries Croatia and Finland have the highest prevalence among males older than 15 years (around 22%), while Uzbekistan and Norway have ... from fossil fuels and underutilisation of human energy, overproduction and waste, and lack of sustainability- and both, in public policy terms, are insufficiently recognised and require long term...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:21