and cylic gmp dependent protein kinases

... destruction In vitro, BCP crystals induced prostaglandin secretion [13], collagenase [12] and metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 mRNA accumulation, and MMP-13 protein secretion by articular chondrocytes [16] ... synthesis, IL-1β and prostaglandin E2 production, and chondrocyte apoptosis [32] BCP crystals are heterogeneous in terms of their ultrastructure and physicochemical composition, and previous studies ... Bradford and coworkers [40] Western blotting The cytoplasmic extracts (15 and 30 µg of protein was loaded for p38 and JNK western blotting, respectively) were diluted in Laemmli buffer and boiled...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... homology to the mammalian cAMP -dependent protein kinase A, cGMP -dependent protein kinase G and phospholipid -dependent protein kinase C [8] However, the AGC VIII kinases represent a plant-specific ... the two proteins was confirmed by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation experiments We then examined how both proteins interact with MPK3 and MPK6 proteins Results AGC kinases interact with PTI1 kinases ... avirulence effector proteins AvrPto or AvrPtoB [17,18] The OXI1 protein kinase was also shown to be an upstream regulator of two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), MPK3 and MPK6, as oxi1...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... LDL-derived lipid and protein has been characterized, as well as the subsequent turnover of the apoB protein It is shown that both lipid and protein are taken up, in a time -dependent manner, ... scavenger receptor SR-A- and CD36-mediated processes, and that the uptake of lipid and protein occurs in synchrony Furthermore, it is shown that both lipid and modified protein accumulate in cells, ... (e.g Ne-carboxymethyl-lysines and Ne-carboxyethyl-lysines and pentosidine) being known to accumulate with age on tissue proteins, and at an increased rate in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions in...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... human PKIb; the bands at 1675, 1636 and 1625 cm)1 can be assigned to extended chain structures; the bands at 1683, 1669 and 1663 cm)1 are possibly assigned to turns or bends; and the band at 1647 ... The 1652 and 1270 cm)1 bands can be assigned to a-helix in the human PKIb; the 1666 and 1247 cm)1 bands are the characteristic frequencies of the random coil structure Meanwhile, the 1682 and 1255 ... kinds of proteins in the PKI family The combined results of FTIR and CD showed that human PKIb contained large amounts of random coil and turn structures, with a small amount of a-helix and b structures...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... [12,13], and genomic stability [14,15] More than a decade ago, it was discovered that two protein kinase families [SR-specific protein kinases (SRPKs) and cdc2-like kinases (CLKs)] phosphorylate SR proteins, ... structure and mechanism G Ghosh and J A Adams spliceosome, a macromolecular complex composed of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) and over 100 auxiliary proteins [4] ... decade ago, it was discovered that the SRPK and CLK families of protein kinases can polyphosphorylate RS domains and alter SR protein cellular distribution and splicing function [16,17,33] However,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... embryonic zebrafish kinases and allow us to further characterize CNBP phosphorylation and to identify the candidate kinases CNBP is differentially phosphorylated in vitro by protein extracts prepared ... mobility controls: labelled Comp-CT alone and a completely annealed reaction Samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 10, and 30 Single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) species are indicated (B) Bar ... ANOVA, Tuckey test) protein that binds single-stranded nucleic acids and is able to promote interstrand reannealing of DNA as well as RNA [35,36] hnRNP Al is phosphorylated by CK2 and PKA PKA phosphorylation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... for h, and the resulting supernatant was incubated with antibody to PLD or PLC-c1 and Protein A–Sepharose for h at °C with rocking Protein concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad Protein ... conventional PKC) and PKC-e (a novel PKC) were predominantly expressed, and that PKC-b, -d, and -f were present at low levels (data not shown) The potent and selective PKC inhibitors and down-regulation ... ascorbic acid and gallic acid Anticancer Res 17, 221– 224 33 Levites, Y., Amit, T., Mandel, S & Youdim, M.B (2003) Neuroprotection and neurorescue against Abeta toxicity and PKCdependent release...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... autoradiography of the wet gel Protein kinase assays Two independent clones of stably expressing HIP/PAP Chang cells (HIP and HIP 4) and two independent control clones (PC4 and PC8) stably transfected ... between HIP/PAP and RIIa is not dependent on sugar residues, suggesting that the CRD might bind both nonglycosylated and glycosylated proteins HIP/PAP may be a target for PKA -dependent phosphorylation ... homogenates from control (Neo) and HIP/PAP-expressing cells were analyzed by Western blotting for HIP/PAP [13% (w/v) SDS/PAGE] and, for SERCA 2, RIIa and Ca subunits of PKA, and calreticulin [9% (w/v)...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... synthesis of phospholipids and cooperative interactions between proteins encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genes [10,11], the mitochondrial protein import and their assembly [3] However, ... factor-2) [24], and Sp1 (specicity protein 1) [25] have been described to act as activators or repressors of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins and more particularly proteins involved ... activity and protein abundance analysed by western blotting and immunostaining (supplementary Fig S2) Fig Effect of mtDNA-depletion on Sp1, PPARc, MyoD and MEF2 DNA-binding activity and transactivation...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... (DEAE-sephadex A-50 and CM-sephadex C-50) were purchased from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Asia Pacific Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay reagent was from Pierce Chemicals Protein preparation and modification ... Buckinghamshire, England) at a constant temperature of 25 °C The solution was excited at 345 nm and the fluorescence emission was scanned from 370– 570 nm, with slit widths of and 10 nm for excitation and emission, ... are ˚ ˚ approximately 26.8 A and 21.3 A for the L and R models, respectively For PM- and PIA-labeled TnI, the estimated ˚ pyrene-SH bond length is approximately 11.7 and 11.5 A, respectively Apparently,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... were fixed and double-stained with polyclonal antip35 (C-19) and anti-AT8 Ig (a, c, and e) and with polyclonal antip35 (N-20) and anti-AT8 Ig (b, d, and f) a and b expressed transfected p25 and p35, ... large number of proteins including NF-H and NF-M, neurofilament high and middle molecular-mass proteins [31], and the tau protein [25] Cdk5 hyperactivity is toxic to cultured neurons and may underlie ... (detecting p25) and anti-Xpress (detecting CIP) Ig Equal amounts of protein were used in each case The left lane, control (vector only); the middle lane, Cdk5 and p25; and right lane, Cdk5, p25 and CIP...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... USA) and antibiotics Endothelial cells were identified by the characteristic monolayer cobblestone appearance and positive staining for von Willebrand factor AGE-HSA and LPS stimulation and protein ... significantly increased production of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in both a time -dependent (Fig 1A) and dose -dependent (Fig 1B,C) fashion Notably, AGE-HSA and LPS induced a very similar pattern of cytokine ... AGE-HSA and LPS amplified inflammatory response Furthermore, blockade of both MAP kinases and NF-jB with a combination of inhibitors completely abolished AGE-HSA and LPS costimulated IL-6, IL-8 and...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... proteins such as polymerase II, splicing factors and hnRNP proteins and also with the tight junction protein ZO-2 and the tripartite motif family protein TRIM 27 [30,32–36] In addition, it is found ... immunoprecipitated SRPK1 protein calibration As shown in Fig 5, both SAFB proteins bind clearly and specifically to both kinases (no proteins bind to beads alone: lanes 9, 10, 11 and 12), albeit with ... (lane 6) As shown in Fig 6B, both GFP–SAFB1 and GFP–SAFB2 proteins bind to both kinases (left and right panels, lanes 2, and 5, 6), unlike GFP (lanes and 4) which does not bind by itself However,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... PAGE and eluted in H2O An aliquot was then evaporated to dryness and 5.5 M HCl was added for h at 110 °C The hydrolysate was evaporated, mixed with unlabeled pSer, pThr and pTyr standards and ... network of kinases whose interactions between themselves and p53 depend upon the exact nature of the stress and the cell type involved For instance while Chk1 and Chk2 were long held as kinases ... of double-strand break repair Mol Cell Biol 22, 6306–6317 Lee, S.E., Mitchell, R.A., Cheng, A & Hendrickson, E.A (1997) Evidence for DNA-PK -dependent and -independent DNA double-strand break repair...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... MAPKs are a family of serine threonine kinases comprising of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinases (p38Ks) and c-Jun Nterminal kinases (JNK), and can regulate various aspects of ... (NF)-κB, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinases (p38Ks), c-Jun Nterminal kinases (JNK), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), IκBα dominant ... designed research strategy and experiments TFW performed and advised on the cADPR activity assay data MKM, SB, TFW, RH, LT and KB performed experiments MKM and SB drafted and revised the manuscript...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... in one of all three Ras proteins (K-ras, N-ras and H-ras), the Raf isoforms c-Raf-1, Raf-A and Raf-B, the MEKs MEK1 and MEK2, the Ras GTPase-activating proteins GAP-1 and NF1, the Ras guanine ... nucleotide-releasing factors RasGRF1 and RasGRF2, and the adaptor proteins Sos1, Grb2 and Shc [1,4,13-24] Moreover, for some components of the pathway, such as c-Raf-1 and B-Raf, significant structural ... 24 h and then stimulated with 20% serum for 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 Western blots were analyzed with anti-phospho-ERK and anti-ERK antibodies, as in Figure (c) Bands from (b) were quantified and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... localization, and regulation of the stress-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-JUN N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in synovial tissue and cells ... tumor necrosis factor and its relatives Trends Cell Biol 2001, 11:372-377 Johnson GL, Lapadat R: Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK and p38 protein kinases Science 2002, ... the expression of matrix metalloproteinases such as matrix metalloproteinase-13, are dependent on the activation of p38MAPKα and ERK [23,24] Moreover, p38MAPKα and ERK can both transactivate nuclear...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... and JNKs (p46 JNK1 and p54 JNK2) are more responsive to stress, and appear to be involved in apoptosis [20] ERKs, JNKs, and p38 MAPK have been identified in platelets [20] The roles of JNKs and ... [18] PLCγ2 is involved in antigen -dependent signaling in B cells and collagen -dependent signaling in platelets [19] In this study, both PLCγ2 phosphorylation and PKC activation stimulated by collagen ... PLC and/ or PKC [24] Therefore, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP act synergistically to inhibit platelet aggregation In this study, simvastatin obviously increased the levels of both cyclic AMP and cyclic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... phosphorylated protein (Trapped ubiquitin-like protein complex gi/126031226) was isolated and identified during the MS analysis of the p38 and HuR protein kinases Apparently, this third phosphorylated protein ... interpretation of MS/MS and MSA ion spectra using the criteria described by Mann and Jensen [36], Gruhler and co-workers [37], and Thingholm and co-workers [38] Bioinformatics modelling and molecular dynamics ... The mass and lists of fragment masses for each peptide are scanned against protein sequence databases, resulting in a list of identified peptides and proteins The lists of proteins and their...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:22

... regulation and activation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) [9] that subsequently activate members of the STAT pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family [10-12] MAP kinases ... tissue culture reagents were from GIBCO-BRL (Grand Island, NY) Kinase assay kits, U0126, and antibodies against phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 were obtained from Cell Signalling ... sodium azide, and 0.34 trypsin inhibitory units of aprotinin/ml) Protein concentration in the cell lysate was measured using the BCA protein kit from Pierce, and equal amounts of protein were...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20