anatomy of a market failure and a policy dilemma

... Broadband Problem This page intentionally left blank The Broadband Problem Anatomy of a Market Failure and a Policy Dilemma Charles H Ferguson brookings institution press Washington, D.C ABOUT ... Cataloging-in-Publication data Ferguson, Charles H The broadband problem : anatomy of a market failure and a policy dilemma / Charles H Ferguson p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN ... Litan, Strobe Talbott, Michael Armacost before him, and Chris Kelaher and all the people at Brookings Institution Press And finally, I must thank the staffs of Balthazar in New York and of the cafés...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 00:55

... thousand babies, and the average age among adults living in the area (as a proxy for the demand for health care).16 The first column of Table shows the mean across all areas and years and the standard ... The average number of babies in an area-year cell is 6,106 with a standard deviation of 2,629 Most of this variation is due to area-size differences: the standard deviation in number of babies across ... increase of about percentage points in the last two years of data portion of lone parents, number of GPs, and average age of adults, has not been uniform across areas 19 The second specification adds...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... automatically and making margin calls if necessary, and ensuring securities and cash transfers at the close of the transaction are performed by the ISE Bonds and Bill Market and Settlement and Custody Bank ... microstructure analysis, see e.g Easley and O’Hara (1987), O’Hara (1994), and Lyons (2001) In the Turkish market, several channels of information are open to market participants First, large local banks have ... trading day Throughout the trading day market participants are trading an asset that only exchanges hands after trading ceases Since a one day repo today is not the same asset as a one day repo...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2014, 11:24

... that making the actuator gain as large as possible is desireable Just be aware that increasing the gain of the actuator adds expense and will adversely affect the dynamic (nonsteady state) behavior ... has a control mechanism for refilling the tank with the appropriate amount of water, and reliability is paramount The average toaster is great at browning bread in a repeatable manner You can ... selection and design of robotic software The chapter outlines a coordinated approach to the selection of a processor, a battery, a power supply, operating software, and application software Included are...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 19:20

... that making the actuator gain as large as possible is desireable Just be aware that increasing the gain of the actuator adds expense and will adversely affect the dynamic (nonsteady state) behavior ... has a control mechanism for refilling the tank with the appropriate amount of water, and reliability is paramount The average toaster is great at browning bread in a repeatable manner You can ... neighbors and reacts to their position, speed, and movement The net result, observed at the school level, is dramatic and effective Thousands of tiny brains act almost as one, and the tuna are partially...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 20:20

... selection and design of robotic software The chapter outlines a coordinated approach to the selection of a processor, a battery, a power supply, operating software, and application software Included are ... unacquainted with the project The plan’s schedule can be drawn up using a standard software package (such as Microsoft Project) in a Gantt bar chart format (about 10 to 20 bars) A portion of ... intervals The plan should also have a title page, an introduction, and a couple of lines explaining each task shown on the bar chart The plan should also include a page or two explaining the approach...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 20:20

... created maps containing as many as 518 million of these hyperlinks, a significant sample of the total These maps allow rapid calculation of a web page’s "PageRank", an objective measure of its citation ... DARPA and NASA, and by Interval Research, and the industrial partners of the Stanford Digital Libraries Project References Best of the Web 1994 Navigators http://botw.org/1994/awards/navigators.html ... PageRank, again see [Page 98] Another intuitive justification is that a page can have a high PageRank if there are many pages that point to it, or if there are some pages that point to it and have...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 20:20

... that making the actuator gain as large as possible is desireable Just be aware that increasing the gain of the actuator adds expense and will adversely affect the dynamic (nonsteady state) behavior ... has a control mechanism for refilling the tank with the appropriate amount of water, and reliability is paramount The average toaster is great at browning bread in a repeatable manner You can ... selection and design of robotic software The chapter outlines a coordinated approach to the selection of a processor, a battery, a power supply, operating software, and application software Included are...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... selection and design of robotic software The chapter outlines a coordinated approach to the selection of a processor, a battery, a power supply, operating software, and application software Included are ... lays out the basics of project management processes but omits some of the details and reasoning to make it more readable Projects come in all shapes and sizes, and they are executed in all shapes ... to be wary of and some advice about using them In the safety section is a list of dangers that can sneak up on even the most experienced designers, and it also offers advice about managing risks...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... has a control mechanism for refilling the tank with the appropriate amount of water, and reliability is paramount The average toaster is great at browning bread in a repeatable manner You can ... course of action for many reasons and management should encourage it That said, let’s assume you are the newly appointed PM of a new project Please realize you have a large vertical management ... Preliminary layout and plans for the board fabrication I Compliance issues Software considerations: I Block diagram of major software modules I Performance estimates I Major algorithms I Interfaces...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... PARAMETERS We have already seen that altering v and d can substantially change the performance of the robot Further, altering these parameters offers a reliable way to change just one type of ... posed earlier 64 CHAPTER TWO HOW MANY VARIABLES CAN BE CONTROLLED AT THE SAME TIME? Practically speaking, the LMS algorithm can handle an arbitrary number of simultaneous variables However, as the ... facilitated this transition since all the information could easily be gathered in one place and manipulated The engineers cast about for a way to control multiple variables at the same time and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... companies have probably written software that takes advantage of the special features of the computer We can purchase this software and use it in various ways: I Freeware Often an author of software ... dollars to make their technology available for our use We gain time, dollars, and reliability by sharing and taking advantage of their effort Because the technology has been made so readily available ... star was being bent around an intervening star, so both images appeared to us on Earth This was another manifestation of gravity bending light and has been called a gravitational lens Since starlight...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... a boot program will always exist and will not change The boot program can download and burn program flash That way, we have a minimal chance of corrupting the program to the extent that we have ... simplification First of all, cache memory usually has just a few thousand words Each of these words can contain both a full memory data word (duplicating the contents of a DRAM memory address) and ... PCMCIA cards This standard describes not so much a bus as an interface socket Many peripherals are available as pocket-sized PCMCIA cards, so it’s a good option for adding memory and peripherals...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Generally, the signals that are recorded are more than sufficient to allow a proper read of the data I Bad disk surface HDs also have a mechanism to avoid bad spots on the disk surface A separate ... processor and circuitry Some processors require heat sinks and even fans, both of which can cause reliability problems and take up space COMPUTER HARDWARE 119 Voltage Processors are available that ... component-type failure rate, and add up the component-type failure rates to get a failure rate for the PCB Invert it to obtain the PCB’s MTTF MTTR is the Mean Time to Repair a Failure Basically, it’s the average...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... for a three-stage Saturn rocket and crawler standing 111 meters tall and weighing million kilograms (about 6,000 tons) Then, I’m sure, they sat back and ordered another round of margaritas! The ... robot Once we have an estimate of the energy that’s required, we must back off a bit and add some design margin to the robot As a practical matter, theoretical calculations of work are very rough ... restrictions are made on the types of systems that can be created this way ENERGY CONTROL AND SOFTWARE 163 I Software interaction The software is unaware of power-saving measures, so no energy API is...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... not always available in a form that can be used successfully Often, it has to be transformed and tamed This can be done in a few different ways and some are more ENERGY CONTROL AND SOFTWARE 169 ... I have fed this paragraph to a computerized translator and translated it from English to German and back Before considering building a robot translator, read the next paragraph I’m sure it will ... konfus As experiment I drew in this point to an automated translator and him from English to the German and to the back translated Before you regard a robot translator establishing, read 174 CHAPTER...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... 8-7 ROLLOFF The rolloff is the slope of the frequency response between the passband and the stopband With an operational amplifier and a couple of components like an inductor and a capacitor, ... would also work, at the expense of lower resolution Random shifting One way to get around A/ D imperfections is to dynamically (and randomly) shift the range of the A/ D A random voltage can be added ... -0.5 radians per second Actual Signal 0 -0.5 -1 -1 radians per second radians per second radians per second Actual Signal Actual Signal Actual Signal 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 -1 -0.5 Sampled Signal Sampled...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... characterized primarily by the two frequencies (start of band and end of band) and the cutoff attenuation Band-stop The band-stop filter is designed to attenuate all frequencies within a narrow ... low-pass filter, the calculations are simpler The gain is flat at a value of and then drops off completely (in the ideal math equation) Taking advantage of the simplified filter shape, and with a ... narrow band The filter is characterized primarily by the two frequencies (start of band and end of band) and the cutoff attenuation The Fourier approach to designing an FIR filter starts with...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... of a private house We broadcast as WRFI for about two years, playing the music we felt like playing and rebroadcasting the BBC as our newscast I was a DJ and a peripheral player We had fake airwave ... that will guarantee the integrity of the data A checksum is a series of data bits that serve to summarize a block of data The sender can chop the data stream into a series of blocks that may ... ideafinder.com/history/inventions/story051.htm) Baseband transmission is also used in tape drives and disks Data is recorded as pulses on tape and is read back at a later time A sequence of pulses can be constructed in many different ways...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... concentrated bursts An interleaver takes adjacent data and moves them apart, much like a deck of cards is shuffled The data is not expanded, just rearranged The encoder can interleave the data before ... can expand the data before transmission The encoder thus organizes the unexpanded data into expanded data that has some recognizable patterns in it These recognizable data patterns are what the ... extra bandwidth to work with, and we cannot use Viterbi coding to expand the data at all If we want to make some of the transmitted data redundant, then we must throw away some bandwidth A bit...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22