anatomy innervation and function of the orbicularis oculi muscle

... cloned into pGEX-4T-2 The KIND domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were ... structural and functional importance of the v-KIND and MAP2 interaction core modules in the regulation of dendrite growth and branching in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells Further studies ... proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig Of all members of the KIND family of proteins, only KIND2 binds to MAP2 Pull-down assay (PD) of the endogenous MAP2 from cerebellar lysates of P21...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... markers are indicated on the left of Spatzle-C108 (Fig 8A) Analysis of tryptic peptides ¨ from these bands by MS ⁄ MS and mascot software identified them as attacin-1, lysozyme, and cecropinA ⁄ B (Table ... yet in other insect species Although it is clear that Drosophila Spatzle acts as ¨ the ligand of the Toll receptor in two important physiological pathways [16,36], the functions of other homologs, ... comparison of the genomic and cDNA sequences Analysis of the amino acid sequences deduced 158 from the cDNA, including prediction of signal peptide and glycosylation sites, was carried out in the expasy...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... on one side of the b-sheet and two on the other side The rmsd of the heavy atoms (Ca, C, and N) of the protein core, when the NMR structures of both conformers are superimposed on the crystal ... between the HN of Thr358 and the Ha of His356 could be seen in both conformers (Fig 4; Fig S3) At the same time, the intensity of the NOE between the HN of Phe357 and the Ha of Lys354 in the open conformer ... conformer of the C-domain (red and blue) on the crystal structure [20] of the complex of human eRF1 (green) and the truncated eRF3 (purple) The superposition was made using the Ca, C¢ and N atoms of the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... in the mutant First, there is an increase in the negative charge in the active site and, second, breaking the salt bridge would alter the quaternary structure of the protein and therefore the ... [14]) The sequences of the CMLE1s from members of the Rhizobiales, such as ArCMLE1 and AtCMLE1, are significantly shorter than the isofunctional enzymes from other bacteria (Fig 2) Expression of ... Lys282 and Arg315 are involved in catalysis The alignment of the small CMLEs from different members of the Rhizobiales with these sequences demonstrated that in A radiobacter S2 (and the other...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... very indicative, in our opinion, of the adequacy and the basis of this orientation, on the one hand, and the destiny of linguistics, on the other hand Of course, these implications might be too ... constructions The frequency of WA, FA-, LA-, and Ø in front of QAD Frequency of the compound perfect The distribution and frequency of sawfa/saThe frequency of QAD, laʕalla, and rubbamaa The contextual ... STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ARABIC VERB Structure and Function of the Arabic Verb is a corpus-based study that unveils the morpho-syntax and the semantics of the Arabic verb Approaches...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:48

... understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... accumulated about the function of the cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy of the Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear The outer ... to find original work on the different subjects Understanding of the anatomy and the function of the auditory system together with knowledge about the pathophysiology of the auditory system are...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... at the entrance of the ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place of the head The effect of the head on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area of the tympanic membrane and the area of the stapes footplate, but the lever ratio of the middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas of the BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... in the ventral parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions of the MGB receive their ... is the difference in the arrival time and the difference in the intensity of sounds at the two ears, both factors being a function of the azimuth The time between the arrival of sounds at the ... near the frequency of a formant will show a periodic pattern with the frequency of the formant The spectra of these histograms show harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the vowel and the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency of the first peak in the dipole and the length is the relative strength of the dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II of the ABR) and the third...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... elevation of the reflex threshold of an average of dB The individual variation is large 4.2 Functional Importance of the Acoustic Middle-ear Reflex Many hypotheses about the functional importance of the ... components of broad band sounds will elicit contractions of the stapedius muscle when the intensities of these components are above the threshold of the reflex and that will cause attenuation of low ... stapedius muscle contraction decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction of the stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening of the tuning of the basilar membrane broadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... noninvasively The outcome of the test depends on fine details of the anatomy of the stapes and its suspension in the oval window, the incudo-stapedial joint and the orientation of its plane surface ... supported this view of flexibility of the function of the auditory system That injury and loss of cochlear hair cells can cause profound changes in the structure and function of the central auditory...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... of recruitment of loudness is the ear, most often the cochlea, but absence of function of the acoustic middle-ear reflex can also cause an abnormal growth of the sensation of loudness above the ... corresponding to the F1 frequency and the other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate of the impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for ... determined on the basis of the output of 16 band-pass filters The output of the six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... expressed ones [5-7] We have studied the relationship between the phyletic age of a protein and its expression profile, and related this to the function of the protein The term 'phyletic age' used here ... proteinsthe inanalysis analysis tionalhere assignments of analysis in the analysis analysis FuncFunctional File usedof of thethe proteins analysis analysis Phyletic Additionalforof of the proteins ... table and the test statistics of these were used to form an estimate of their distribution under the null hypothesis, to which the observed test statistic can be compared Additional data files The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... transcription factor function The combined results of these studies have expanded our current understanding of the expression and function of the PRL family of enzymes as well as of the role these important ... characterization of the tissues and cell types that express PRL-1 and -2 is important to elucidating the physiological function of the normal genes and to understanding their roles in the pathogenesis of disease ... 2G) Equivalent levels of expression were noted in the villous epithelium, crypt epithelium, and muscularis mucosae of the duodenum and jejunum and in the Brunner’s glands of the duodenum PRL-2 was...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:44

... associated with the deletion of multiple chromosomal regions including chromosomes 5q, 17p, and 18q Such chromosome loss is often suggestive of the deletion or loss of function of TSGs The candidate ... either have a repressive effect on the regulation of the cell cycle or promote apoptosis, and sometimes both The functions of tumor suppressor genes fall into several categories including the ... followed by the activation of kinases of the Raf family, which in turn phosphorylates MEK 11 INTRODUCTION Phosphorylation of MEK leads to the activation of ERK1/2, which then triggers the downstream...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:37

... size and temperature The metabolic theory of ecology uses these scaling relations to make and test THE METABOLIC THEORY OF ECOLOGY predictions about the effects of energy and materials on the ... empirical and theoretical work in biological oceanography and limnology that relates the structure, function and biotic composition of these systems to the body sizes of the organisms present and the ... survival The effects of changes in the magnitude of each of these traits on the others (e.g increased offspring size may be traded off against a reduction in offspring number), and their relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... J(0)] The dashed curve (theoretical curve) was calculated for J(0) and J(xN) as a function of s, using a simple Lorentzian function The left-hand inset shows an overview of the theoretical curve and ... Fig The localization of the experimental points in Fig along the correlation line is directly related to the distribution of the energy between the overall tumbling and the internal mobility, and ... residues and hence does not conflict with the global interpretation of the data With the exclusion of the N-terminal octapeptidyl and C-terminal nonapeptidyl fragments of Glu17, Leu34 and Lys46, the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... and kidney To compare the amounts of the two variants expressed in the testis, we performed the PCR using the primers ‘d’ and ‘c’, where the cDNAs for both Noxo1b and Noxo1c are amplified as the ... between the pair of primers (Fig 2A) The lengths of the PCR products of Noxo1b and Noxo1c were 225 and 240 bp, respectively To delineate the difference in the two products, we subjected the PCR ... show the expression of alternatively spliced transcripts of the NOXO1 gene, by PCR using variant-specific primers, and the roles of the protein products in activation of Nox oxidases Results and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... domain of each subunit contributes to the formation of the hydrophilic pore ACh binding protein has structural and functional homology to the extracellular ligand binding domain of the nAChR, and ... determination of their precise subunit composition and physiological function( s) Compared to the muscle nAChR, relatively little is known about the function and composition of the neuronal nAChRs ... because of the impossibility of direct electrophysiological recordings and their incomplete pharmacological characterization Furthermore, the distance of the projection areas from the cell bodies and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20