anatomy and physiology of the cardiac conduction system

... out of 44 variants and the passive system from 14 out of 22 The entire active system is learnable once examples of each form of each verb and each modal have been seen, plus one example to fix the ... force the separate tre.atment of active versus passive forms Then if, say on considerations of frequency of occurrence, exceptions were externally handled and the infrequent The auxiliary system ... inferential power and the proper handling of exceptions For l-reversible inference, 45 of the verb sequences of length three or shorter will yield the remaining nine such strings and nonc longer...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

... understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... original work on the different subjects Understanding of the anatomy and the function of the auditory system together with knowledge about the pathophysiology of the auditory system are essential ... function of the cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy of the Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear The outer ear consists of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... at the entrance of the ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place of the head The effect of the head on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area of the tympanic membrane and the area of the stapes footplate, but the lever ratio of the middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas of the BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... anatomy and physiology of the auditory nervous system of clinical importance Most studies of the function of the auditory system have aimed at the coding of different kinds of sounds in the auditory ... in the ventral parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions of the MGB receive their ... of the fourth ventricle (Fig 5.15B) [72] The other part of the olivocochlear system projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea and the fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency of the first peak in the dipole and the length is the relative strength of the dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II of the ABR) and the third...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... and standard error of the mean are shown as a function of the intensity of the noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end of the exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... basis of the elevation of the hearing threshold in disorders of the middle ear and the cochlea but the effect on the function of the nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction of the stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and that increases the contraction...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening of the tuning of the basilar membrane broadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... noninvasively The outcome of the test depends on fine details of the anatomy of the stapes and its suspension in the oval window, the incudo-stapedial joint and the orientation of its plane surface ... this view of flexibility of the function of the auditory system That injury and loss of cochlear hair cells can cause profound changes in the structure and function of the central auditory system...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some of the most diverse and complex disorders of the auditory system and their causes are often obscure Often ... corresponding to the F1 frequency and the other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate of the impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for ... determined on the basis of the output of 16 band-pass filters The output of the six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... Across the top are the two genetically possible types of eggs the mother could produce, and on the left side are the possible types of sperm from the father The four cells of the square show the ... flashcards, and much more that will complement your learning and understanding of anatomy and physiology Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Third Edition Genetics and Cellular ... epidermis and nervous system The inner layer, the endoderm,4 gives rise to the mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tracts and to the digestive glands, among other things Between these...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... on the other The head of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula, and the head of the femur fits into the acetabulum of the os coxae These are the only multiaxial joints of the ... Movements of the Scapulae and Mandible (a) Elevation of the scapulae; (b) depression of the scapulae; (c) protraction of the mandible; (d) retraction of the mandible; (e) lateral excursion of the mandible; ... example is the atlantooccipital joint of the neck, where the muscles of the back of the neck pull down on the nuchal lines of the skull and oppose the tendency of the head to tip forward Loss of muscle...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... from the shoulder and upper chest and inserts platy ϭ flat 25 broadly along the mandible and overlying skin It depresses the mandible, helps to open and widen the mouth, and tenses the skin of the ... They arise from the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone and insert on the medial surface of the mandible (fig 10.9b) The pterygoids elevate and protract the mandible and produce the lateral ... broad muscle of the back that extends from the waist to the axilla These muscles bear the primary responsibility for attachment of the arm to the trunk, and they are the prime movers of the shoulder...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... reflexes The autonomic nervous system has two further divisions: nervous system, and these subsystems are interconnected parts of the whole Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, ... its physiology, and modify that of other organs Thus, these systems functionally coordinate the organs of the body and play a central role in maintaining homeostasis The scientific study of the ... system is called neuroscience It includes neuroanatomy, the study of structure, and neurophysiology, the study of function The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... the two types of tissue in the central nervous system and state their locations; • describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the spinal cord; and • name the major conduction pathways of the ... “gateway” called the thalamus at the upper end of the brainstem; and a third-order neuron that carries the signal the rest of the way to the sensory region of the cerebral cortex The axons of these neurons ... part of the ganglion.) Where are the somas of the motor neurons located? of the back The ventral ramus innervates the ventral and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk and gives rise to nerves of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... flashcards, and much more that will complement your learning and understanding of anatomy and physiology Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Third Edition 17 The Endocrine System ... name the hormones these endocrine organs produce and state their functions The Pineal Gland The pineal14 (PIN-ee-ul) gland is a pine cone–shaped growth on the roof of the third ventricle of the ... of sclera and cornea; middle vascular layer composed of choroid, ciliary body, and iris; and an inner layer composed of the retina and beginning of the optic nerve The optical components of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... Heart 724 • The Coronary Circulation 724 Cardiac Muscle and the Cardiac Conduction System 726 • Structure of Cardiac Muscle 726 • Metabolism of Cardiac Muscle 727 • The Cardiac Conduction System 727 ... and much more that will complement your learning and understanding of anatomy and physiology Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Third Edition 19 The Circulatory System: ... describe the relationship of the heart to other thoracic structures; • identify the chambers and valves of the heart and the features of its wall; • trace the flow of blood through the heart...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... Flowchart of the Lower Limb What arteries of the wrist and hand are most comparable to the arcuate artery and plantar arch of the foot? 780 Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, ... passes medial to the angle of the mandible and enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal of the temporal bone It supplies the orbits and about 80% of the cerebrum Compressing the internal ... flashcards, and much more that will complement your learning and understanding of anatomy and physiology Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Third Edition 21 The Lymphatic and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... after arrival in the alveolus? Describe the histology of the epithelium and lamina propria of the nasal cavity and the functions of the cell types present Describe the roles of the intrinsic muscles, ... change the volume of the thoracic cavity Chapter 22 Understanding the ventilation of the lungs, the transport of gases in the blood, and the exchange of gases with the tissues is largely a matter of ... Between the LYMPHATIC and IMMUNE SYSTEMS and Other Organ Systems indicates ways in which these systems affect other organ systems indicates ways in which other organ systems affect these systems...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... respiratory system An organ system specialized for the intake of air and exchange of gases with the blood, consisting of the lungs and the air passages from the nose to the bronchi Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: ... organ systems Senescence of one organ system often contributes to the senescence of others Senescence of the integumentary system is marked by graying and thinning of the hair, atrophy of sebaceous ... major factor in the senescence of a the integumentary system b the eyes c the nervous system d the skeletal system e the cardiovascular system Which of these is not a common effect of senescence?...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... attain high profits and develop stably This report focuses on the improvement of the quality management system at Viet A plastic and composite company In term of theory, it explores the theory involving ... process of the system, the quality of products and services will be improve to satisfy high demand of customer, ensure the long-term development of organization.” 2.1.2 Quality Management System ... management system and to continually improve the effectiveness of the quality management system They also have to define their roles in maintaining and developing quality management system in company Their...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2013, 17:09

... called Theme and Rheme The Theme served as the point of departure of the message (Halliday 1994:37), which in English coincides with the initial element(s) of the clause; and the Rheme is the remainder ... which is one of the typical features of a narrative 3.4.3 The Theme - Rheme Pattern The analysis shows that most of the themes in the text belong to topical theme Of 33 clauses and clause complexes ... unit 10 with the topic of travel The title of the text is Torquay? But I said Turkey! Between two columns of the text, there is a picture of woman, two maps of United Kingdom and Turkey The woman...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:48