analysis of skeletal muscle development in drosophila

... death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) in the regulation of autophagy Fine-tuning of autophagy in C elegans homeostasis is particularly interesting DAPK is a serine ⁄ threonine kinase originally isolated ... role in diverse neurodegenerative diseases Aging Fig Schematic diagram of autophagy signaling pathway in C elegans Autophagy inducing- and inhibiting signaling pathway in C elegans Plain lines ... responding to growth factors and amino acid signaling, (b) AMP-activated protein kinase, which activates autophagy through the inhibition of mTOR signaling, (c) Bcl-2, which binds to Beclin and inhibits...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... Possible link between accumulation of amino-acid pools, mitochondrial function, and the insulin and TOR pathways in C. elegans longevity Black lines indicate the activating or repressive function of ... in amino acid levels, especially branched-chain amino acids Falk et al [9] showed that mutations affecting complexes I, II and III of the electron transport chain (ETC), including some that increase ... Mutations in ife-2 would also result in increased amino-acid pools Branched-chain amino acids and longevity Fuchs et al [7] may, in fact, hold a clue to one of the mysteries of the aging field:...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... the presence of rhodamine In these progeny the antisense oligonucleotides bind to and deplete the available pool of target miRNA, thus inhibiting miRNA function in the animal Page of Zheng and ... were injected into the syncytial gonads of adult worms and embryos were selected based on the presence of rhodamine (Figure 1) Injected into the syncytial gonads Pharynx Gut Gonad Eggs Rhodamine ... animals injected with antisense oligonucleotides against lin-4 show delayed exit in differentiation of seam cells and lack of vulva formation, known phenotypes for lin-4(lf ) [3] The progeny of worms...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... cells, and intestine, whereas F40F8.1::GFP is expressed strongly in neurons and the pharynx, but weakly in the intestine Scale bars: 100 lm (B) In vitro enzymatic assays of three uridine kinase homologs ... mainly expressed in the intestine Knockdown of C29F7.3, on which both UP ⁄ uridine kinase and OPRT converge, resulted in high 5-FU resistance As C29F7.3 is expressed in the hypodermis and intestine, ... to uridine and thymidine in the presence of uracil and thymine, respectively The enzymatic activities of three mutant UPP-1 proteins were very low as compared with that of wild-type UPP-1 in vitro...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... Immunoblot analysis with an antibody against polyhistidine revealed the same-sized bands, suggesting that the C-terminal histidine tag remained in both the proform and activated form in the recombinant ... the staining of intestinal and muscular basement membranes was often faint and discontinuous (Fig 5C) In the older adults, 4300 Fig MIG-17 activation in L3 larvae (A–D) Cross-sections of wild-type ... Fluorescein–phalloidin labeled actin in the outer surface of body wall muscle cells (E) Coimmunostaining of anti-prodomain (pink) and Monoclonal (green) Overlap of the two antibody stains appears white (F)...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... bottom scale indicate increasing interaction strength, and shades from black to light-blue indicate increasing alleviating interaction strength Alleviating interaction strengths indicate that ... co-classified interacting pairs in V)/(number of possible co-classified pairs) and Precision (V) = (number of co-classified interacting pairs in V)/(number of interacting pairs in V) We estimated ... role of these interactions during development A comparison of the SGI network with other networks The analysis of large-scale interaction datasets from C elegans provided pioneering insights into...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... expressed in cholinergic neurons The gene set 'Muscles' was genes expressed in some muscles, but not in neurons or the intestine, while 'Intestine' was genes expressed in the intestine, but not in neurons ... profiling of the gene expression patterns of subsets of neurons, in combination with analyses of neural functions, might provide insights into understanding the distinct roles of cells within the ... PABP using cell-specific promoters Since PABP binds the poly(A) tails of mRNA [20], in situ crosslinking of RNA and proteins, followed by affinity purification of the tagged PABP from lysates of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... protein/actin interacting protein rab-8 + rab-10 GTP-binding protein SEC4, small G protein superfamily, and related Ras family GTP-binding proteins B0495.2 + ZC504.3 Protein kinase PITSLRE and related kinases ... genetic interactions in S cerevisiae were investigated in a systematic manner using matings within a comprehensive collection of mutant strains Pair-wise matings have identified over 4500 genetic interactions, ... double-stranded (ds)RNA-expressing strain targeting the synMuv B gene lin-15B; corresponding experiments were performed with synMuv B genes and a dsRNAexpressing strain targeting lin-15A In both cases, worms...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22

... [6,66] Body wall muscles, pharyngeal muscles, ventral nerve cord, phasmids [16] C2 Ca2+-binding motif-containing protein Head neurons, tail neurons [17] + Serine/threonine-protein kinase MAK Amphids ... 5(mn400) animals carry a G→A point mutation in the second coding exon of M04C9.5, which creates a premature stop codon (TAG) in the predicted serine/threonine kinase domain of this gene (Figure 4) Importantly, ... more detailed understanding of the properties of X-box motifs, including the variation, preferred position in the promoter, and interaction with other binding motifs Some of these questions will...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22

... modulating neurotransmission at the nerve–smooth muscle junction remains to be determined In a number of smooth muscle tissues, the precursor of cADPR b-NAD+ is released at rest and upon firing of ... suggesting that prejunctional P2 receptors were not involved in the facilitating effects of cADPR In contrast, the inhibitors of intracellular cADPR receptors 8-Br-cADPR (80 lm) and ryanodine (50 ... were observed in the spontaneous overflow of all adenine purines in CD38+ ⁄ + and CD38) ⁄ ) preparations The amounts of b-NAD+ + ADPR + cADPR, adenosine and total purines were reduced in the samples...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... with certainty in blind tests; –, no modification of the phenotype could be observed Construct Number of transgenic lines Number of rescuing lines Rescue in best line(s) dyb-1:gfp VII AN450 in dyb-1:gfp ... H2 is involved in the interaction with Dys-1 in vitro Within this domain, the first half seems to be particularly critical as deletions infringing on this side lead to a decrease in binding Constructs ... activation domain of the Gal4 yeast transcription factor and were tested against the entire C-terminal end of Dys-1 (amino acids 2857–3674) fused to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4 The expression of wild-type...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... permeability of the IM of E coli, · 106 cells were mixed with lm SYTOX Green in NaCl ⁄ Pi for in the dark After addition of peptide, the increase in fluorescence, owing to the binding of the dye to intracellular ... 10) The exposure of · 107 cellsÆmL)1 at the corresponding MIC of Esc(1–18) resulted in an irregular rod form with a deep wrinkling of the cell surface (within min) However, all of these changes ... with erythromycin, presumably by increasing the intracellular in ux of this drug, as a result of increased membrane permeability; (c) elicits identical changes in the bacterium’s protein expression...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... lysosomal marker protein LAMP1, a finding that is in agreement with our in vitro binding data Targeting of GLUT8 in the absence of AP1 and AP2 In order to investigate the contribution of AP adaptors, ... resulted in a major redistribution of both LAMP1 and the TfR to the cell surface, reflecting the contribution of clathrin ⁄ AP2-mediated endocytosis to the sorting of both proteins In line with this interpretation, ... localization of GLUT8, we initially hypothesized that sorting of GLUT8 might involve interaction of its dileucine motif with AP3 and ⁄ or AP4 In addition to demonstrating that GLUT8 does not interact...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... prevents insulin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose output, indicating that, in such conditions, cells become insulin insensitive; this is in agreement with studies in which the overexpression of ... in the TNFa-mediated inhibition of PEPCK [54] Therefore, in cells preincubated with TNFa prior to insulin, insulin signalling is prevented, resulting in abrogation of this inhibitory effect on ... have unfolded a series of events beginning with the TNFa-mediated prevention of the effect of insulin on Foxa2 localization and leading to the abrogation of insulin inhibition of gluconeogenesis...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... specifically involved in the b-oxidation of fatty acids, either through its catalytic activity, a certain transport function or interaction with other proteins Interestingly, its role in adiponectin regulation ... BM883827.1) *Residues involved in glutathione binding site #Residues involved in dimer interface GSTK-1 and GSTK-2 are localized in peroxisomes and mitochondria, respectively The analysis of GST kappa ... typical of the mitochondrial system Scale bar, 10 lm Expression was increased during morphogenesis of the embryo Fluorescence was observed as strong punctate staining in intestinal cells and in the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... subgroups of the astacin protein family are indicated on the right side The schematic representation of the protein domains (colored bars) corresponds to that in Fig Meprin domains: MAM domain, MAM; ... magnification, we saw GFP staining within pharynx cells of the procorpus, metacorpus, isthmus and terminal bulb, and extracellular staining in the lumen of the terminal bulb (Fig 1B, arrows) Therefore, ... calcium-binding and protein-protein or enzyme–substrate interactions [63] The SXC (six-cysteine) motif was observed in several hypothetical C elegans proteins [64,65] but was originally described in...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... indicated in the inset figures also performed on two other meningococcal strains of clinical origin and the compositions of the glycoforms observed are listed in Table In each case where glycine ... in meningococcal LPS points to an exocyclic location for the glycine residue in N meningitidis LPS The genetic control of the elaboration of glycine is not understood, nor is the propensity of ... infection or could be involved in modifying the net charge of the LPS molecule [15] However, the rationale behind the incorporation of glycine into the core oligosaccharide remains unclear, but one...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... Xs) triggers important changes in intestinal cells of the adult Killing the germ cells at the time of hatching triggers several important changes in the intestine of the adult The transcription ... target-gene expression in response to germline ablation, but (for at least some of the same genes) not in response to inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signaling, and this is an interesting question Whatever ... many aspects of the reproductive longevity pathway distinguish it from the insulin/IGF-1 pathway If loss of the germline extended lifespan simply by inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signaling, then the...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 16:20

... domain-containing protein that acts as a novel binding partner of UNC-76 in C elegans Whereas a weak reductionof-function allele of unc-69 results in a selective defect in mislocalization of a ... domain of KLC-2, whereas the RUNdomain-containing protein UNC-14 associates with UNC-16 in the presence of KLC-2 [9] UNC-14 interacts In this study we report the cloning and characterization of ... vesicular transport in neuronal development For example, monomeric kinesin UNC-104/KIF1A, UNC-116/kinesin heavy chain (KHC), kinesin light chain KLC-2, and various cytoplasmic dynein complex components...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21