analog to digital and digital to analog

... between receptor binding af®nity (Kd) and ability to prevent apoptosis for IGF-I and the IGF-I analogues (Fig 5) Essentially, the ability of IGF-I or IGF-I analogues to prevent apoptosis correlated ... 5% apoptotic cells) IGF-II also strongly prevented apoptosis, reducing the levels of apoptosis to 8% with nM IGF-II and completely preventing Ó FEBS 2002 IGF analogue binding to IGF1R and cell ... (equivalent analogue to Leu24-IGF-I) and des-(1±6,10)-Leu27-IGF-II were too low to be detected in this study using BIAcore analysis (Table 1) Prevention of PC12 cell apoptosis by IGF analogues...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 22:20

... side of Leu and Phe residues [49] In order to increase the dimension and hydrophobicity of the inhibitor at the P)1 position, two analogues, pENLW and pENWL, were synthesized and shown to be weaker ... could also be due to an entropic effect Our results point to the importance and the high specificity of tryptophan residue in the binding of inhibitors to TM-3 This is attributed to the stacking ... r.m.s.d bond angle (deg.) Average B-value/no of atoms total nonhydrogen atoms protein heavy atom water inhibitor Ramachandran plot (excluding prolines and glycines) residues in most favored regions...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... [24] and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) [25,26], this analog was not a substrate but a strong competitive inhibitor toward ATP and ADP TNP nucleotide analogs are suitable fluorescent probes to ... nucleotide analog and the corresponding natural nucleotide (in parentheses) DF, ratio of the fluorescence intensity of bound to unbound analog KN, LB, FRET, MS and XR represent studies of kinetics, ligand ... binding and dissociation of TNP nucleotide analogs as substitutes for the natural nucleotides It should be emphasized that most enzymes and proteins bind TNP nucleotide analogs stoichiometrically and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... r)’s, one of which reduces to the (p, q)-analogue of Wachs and White when i = and (α, β, r) = (1, 0, 0) To this we shall find it more convenient to modify equations (1) and (2) slightly That is, ... from bottom to top, which was not j-attacked by a rook in P to the left of rn See Figure for an example of this map when n = 6, k = and r = Our definitions ensure that rn contributes a factor of ... For the leftmost such column, it is easy to see that the contribution to S by placing rooks in the cells starting at the top and going down to the bottom are, respectively, px−1 , qpx−2 , q px−3...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 08:22

... and participated in its design SP, AA and NO conducted the review of literature and drafted the manuscript Principal investigator, FHS provided the laboratory facility and financial support and ... methylene (δ 4.38, H, broad singlet) and three other olefinic protons (δ 5.0 m) in addition to three aromatic protons (ABX pattern around δ 6.60 and 6.95) and a hydrogen bonded phenolic hydroxyl ... Isogarcinol also shows biological activities similar to that of garcinol and has been claimed to be an anti-inflammatory and antitumor compound, a lipase inhibitor, an antiobesity agent as well as an antiulcer...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... factory production systems and cell biology, and Iglesias and Ingalls [19] describe analogies between control theory and systems biology Casti [20,21] makes mathematical analogies between factory ... development and phenotypic differentiation and fluctuations; Huang et al [13] considers the gene networks from a dynamics perspective, in particular as dynamic landscapes settling to attractor states and ... small machines that take inputs and produce outputs For example HXK processes ATP and Glucose to produce G6P and ADP Similarly, PGI accepts G6P and additional ATP to produce Fru6P Other segments...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... activity screening and biosynthesis are key to guiding MOA studies and compound production To tackle this diversity, laboratories are faced with either expanding their research focus to integrate aspects ... the aid of UV lamp to monitor the separation and band length of each compound found in 8f mixture 2.3.4.2 Identification and collection of different compound on TLC plate Three bands were detected ... 10 µM, a standard graph was plotted using psoralea as the standard compound and different milligrams of sample were injected into HPLC to get a linear intensity peak Then, this standard graph...

Ngày tải lên: 27/11/2015, 11:11

... converter and, in fact, a direct comparison can be made between a single neuron and a first-order 1-bit Σ − ∆ modulator (see Figures and 3) [9, 10] The discrete time integrator, quantizer, and digitalto -analog ... the discrete time integrator, quantizer, and feedback path utilizing a digital -to -analog converter The output data y[n] is subsequently lowpass filtered and decimated by a digital postprocessor oversampled ... experimental work REFERENCES [1] B L Shoop and P K Das, “Mismatch-tolerant distributed photonic analog- to- digital conversion using spatial oversampling and spectral noise shaping,” Optical Engineering,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... implementation ANALOG- TO- DIGITAL CONVERSION 3.3.2 Integration The integration technique uses an integrator, a comparator, and a controller to convert analog signals to digital signals A sampled analog ... analog signal for people to hear The process to convert digital signals to analog signals is completed by a DAC The most commonly used technique to convert digital signals to analog signals is the ... to another analog signal A simple example of such a conversion occurs in digital audio processing Human voice is converted to a digital signal, modified, processed, and converted back to an analog...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 20:20

... sample and hold is then applied to an analog- to- digital converter (A/D) circuit where the sampled analog signal is converted to a digitally coded signal The digital signal is then applied to c ... back to an analog signal by a digital -to -analog converter (D/A) A digital filtering application may produce an analog signal as its output, whereas a speech recognition system may pass the digital ... the DAC converts the digital code stored in the SAR into an analog signal The comparator is used to determine whether the analog signal is greater or less than the mid level, and control logic determines...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 03:20

... sample signals upto MHz in bandwidth with bits hardware resolution, and its topology can be trivially extended to a higher-precision ADC The proposed architecture is given in Figure 1, and it is the ... comparator associated with that level changes its output, then its corresponding digital trigger identifies the change and sends the information to the digital circuitry that controls the comparator’s ... Two methods of tracking input to implement DSA (a) All comparators are turned on once every μ seconds, and the approximated input xmμ is send to the digital circuit to evaluate DSA (b) A low-rate...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... to the modulator, and are for this reason particularly attractive on the analog side A channel-specific gain γk is included in the sensitivity analysis, and analog imperfections in the modulator ... , CI −1 , where each sum Sk and T stands for transpose Examples of the Sk -matrices and of the ak - and bk -vectors are provided for the TIM system in (26) and (25) in Example in Section Examples ... π/4, and the ADC is thus an oversampled system and is described according to Section 2.1.2 with L = and M = Using complex modulation sequences, three bands of width π/4 centered at −π/4, 0, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising ... MOTOROLA References-1 iii Illustrations Figure 2-1 Generalized Analog- to- Digital Conversion Process 2-2 Figure 2-2 Conventional Analog- to- Digital Conversion Process 2-3 Figure 2-3 Spectra of Analog ... limiting factor in controlling the bandwidth and phase distortion of the input signal, a high performance anti-aliasing filter is required to obtain high resolution and minimum distortion 2-4 MOTOROLA...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 07:24

... literal into W linker to select SFR bank set PORTB data latches to set PORTD data latches to set PORTE data latches to move literal into W set PORTA data latches to move literal into W set PORTC ... register and written to the RAM array variable "adc_databyte[1]" The SSPBUF register is again written to, which initiates a SPI bus cycle, and the second 8-bits are received and written to the ... and executed every ~150ms This continuous loop consists of performing an analog conversion, converting the A/D Converter binary data into Decimal and ASCII and then transmitting the results to...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 11:34

... required to charge the on-chip holding capacitor to the same value as is on the analog input pin The sampling time depends on the magnitude of the holding capacitor and the source impedance of the analog ... considerations and tips: Q D WR PORT Q CK Data Latch WR TRIS CK Q N Q VSS If possible, avoid any digital output next to analog inputs Avoid digital inputs that switch frequently (e.g., clocks) next to analog ... conversion” Sample and Hold FIGURE 7: In sample and hold type A/D converters, the analog input has a switch (typically a FET switch in CMOS) which is opened for a short duration to capture the analog input...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 11:50

... correlated noise, i.e distortion created by the converter itself With delta-sigma analog- to- digital converters, there is a subset of this distortion referred to as idle tones These idle tones are a by-product ... By adding a noise like signal to the analog- to- digital conversion, and then substracting this noise digitally, correlated noise introduced by the ADC is reduced and the overall performance of ... the digital section of the system and the analog section, including the MCP3901 You can see with this placement there are two separate current supply paths and current return paths, IA and ID Analog...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 16:55

... Mean and Standard Deviation 13 Signal vs Underlying Process 17 The Histogram, Pmf and Pdf 19 The Normal Distribution 26 Digital Noise Generation 29 Precision and Accuracy 32 Chapter ADC and DAC ... any industry standard, or are suitable for any application The author, publisher, and distributors disclaim all liability and responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or ... Audio 359 Companding 362 Speech Synthesis and Recognition 364 Nonlinear Audio Processing 368 Chapter 23 Image Formation and Display 373 Digital Image Structure 373 Cameras and Eyes 376...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:21

... that it can be considered a bandlimited signal It is this signal that is sampled and converted to a discrete-time signal and coded to a digital signal by the analog- to- digital converter (ADC) that ... used to read email and access the Internet just like the PC; the PC can be used to tune and view TV channels, and record and play music as well as data on CD-DVD in addition to their use to make ... Processor Analog Output y(t) Figure 1.16 Example of an analog signal processing system ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Analog Preconditioning Analog Input Low Pass Filter x(t) Sample and Hold...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:21

... that it can be considered a bandlimited signal It is this signal that is sampled and converted to a discrete-time signal and coded to a digital signal by the analog- to- digital converter (ADC) that ... used to read email and access the Internet just like the PC; the PC can be used to tune and view TV channels, and record and play music as well as data on CD-DVD in addition to their use to make ... Processor Analog Output y(t) Figure 1.16 Example of an analog signal processing system ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Analog Preconditioning Analog Input Low Pass Filter x(t) Sample and Hold...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 21:20