an updated systematic review of prospective cohort studies

... severity of the illness of cases and controls is the major determinant of mortality Finally, Sofianou and colleagues [26], in a prospective cohort study examining the incidence, risk factors and pathogens ... MEF and IAB wrote a first version of the manuscript All authors made substantial revisions of the manuscript and approved its final version 18 19 20 References Hancock RE: Resistance mechanisms ... baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia: epidemiological and clinical findings Intensive Care Med 2005, 31:649-655 Sofianou DC, Constandinidis TC, Yannacou M, Anastasiou H, Sofianos E: Analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... by relevant systematic reviews and high quality randomized controlled clinical trials This advances the health interests of patients When systematic reviews and RCT's are absent, clinicians, including ... Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment; 2003 Technology report no 42 Brand PL, Engelbert RH, Helders PJ, Offringa M: Systematic review of the effects of therapy in infants ... criteria were deleted Systematic review 2007 update One systematic review on the effects of manual therapy of kinetic imbalance due to suboccipital strain syndrome (KISS) in infants with positional...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20

... sensitivity analyses across the range of reported standard errors of these studies We used a random-effects model assessing the weighted mean difference in the meta-analysis The overall pooled analysis ... abstract databases of the annual scientific meetings of the European League Against Rheumatism, the American College of Rheumatology and the American Thoracic Society, from the approval of CYC as a ... measured by pulmonary function tests by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and prospective observational studies in patients with SSc treated with CYC To...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... Type of professional and behaviour The efficacy of the studies using social cognitive theories to explain intention and predict behaviour of healthcare professionals for different types of professionals ... behaviours and intentions according to the type of professional and behaviours Healthcare professionals Number of participants (studies) Frequencyweighted mean R 2* Clinical practice Compliance with ... clinical behaviour of healthcare professionals By means of a systematic review, the overall efficacy was evaluated and the effect of factors that could affect the efficacy of prediction was also...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:21

... Type of professional and behaviour The efficacy of the studies using social cognitive theories to explain intention and predict behaviour of healthcare professionals for different types of professionals ... behaviours and intentions according to the type of professional and behaviours Healthcare professionals Number of participants (studies) Frequencyweighted mean R 2* Clinical practice Compliance with ... clinical behaviour of healthcare professionals By means of a systematic review, the overall efficacy was evaluated and the effect of factors that could affect the efficacy of prediction was also...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... resulting in an increased influx of cations, anions, and water, leading to cell swelling and lysis [39,40] An experimental study showed that colistin increased the transepithelial conductance of the ... (with a range of 16.5 to 38 ml/min) and an increase in serum creatinine levels (with a range of 0.2 to mg/dl) [28] Another Page of 13 (page number not for citation purposes) Mechanisms It has ... determinations of electrolytes, and appropriate management to maintain balance of fluids and electrolytes, is required when renal adverse effects of polymyxin use are detected The influence of hemodialysis...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:21

... exchange rates [21] Oral and esophageal cancer (8 studies) A prospective cohort study followed 20,550 men and 29,671 women for an average of 10.3 years and estimated the HRs (95% CI) in oral cancer ... association between drinking green tea and a lower risk of colorectal cancer [43] Breast cancer (5 studies) In a meta-analysis of two prospective cohorts of 35,004 Japanese women [64], green tea intake ... Y, Tsuji I: Green tea and the risk of breast cancer: pooled analysis of two prospective studies in Japan Br J Cancer 2004, 90:1361-1363 National Cancer Institute: Erlotinib and green tea extract...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... institution, studies of organizational or safety-related issues in the prehospital setting and studies of inter hospital transfer of patients, 2) Not physicians: studies evaluating the effect of other ... studies, i.e studies comparing outcome in two geographically separate areas and 3) before-and after studies, i.e studies comparing outcome before and after a change in personnel We ranked the studies ... [18,28,30,35,36] and comparison of survival before and after a larger reorganization [38] In 14 studies, an increased survival with physician treatment was demonstrated One of these studies on trauma...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... year, and toxic substances in air can easily reach the lung and other organs where they can produce harmful effects An adequate understanding of the nature and magnitude of the effects of different ... provides guidance 3 THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROJECT AND ITS APPROACH WHAT IS THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW? The WHO project Systematic review of health aspects of air quality in Europe” (WHO systematic review) ... the WHO systematic review project: • Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide (5) • Meta-analysis of time-series studies and panel studies of particulate...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 11:20

... with hand and water contamination LHWs provided a broad range of interventions at household level including bleach, hand washing, flocculant-disinfectant and flocculant-disinfectant plus hand washing ... mothers, with a mean age of 23 and 24 years in the respective studies In the study reported by Graham, participants were of African-American origin while in Spencer, women from a range of ethnic backgrounds ... hypertension, and studies focusing on care of the elderly This report therefore includes a total of 48 studies (29 from the original review) that are relevant to MCH and high burden diseases Studies...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2000;53:65-69 Clarke, M., Oxman, AD Locating and Selecting Studies Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.1 In: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2000 Khan, KS, Kavanagh J ... observational studies of defined populations in which the results of the test of interest are compared with the results of a gold standard These may be prospective or cross-sectional studies In such studies, ... articles, and contacting the experts (and manufacturers of the test) for unpublished studies There should be no language restriction Restriction in the search, either of databases or of languages,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... J Cancer 1999; 80: 852-856 van Loon AJ, Botterweck AA, Goldbohm RA, Brants HA, van Klaveren JD, van den Brandt PA Intake of nitrate and nitrite and the risk of gastric cancer: a prospective cohort ... processed meat intake and GC and OC risk (10 of 14 studies on GC and of studies of OC), which were SS in most of them, particularly regarding OC Preserved fish intake Regarding GC risk and preserved fish ... intake Only few cohort studies have reported results regarding the relationship between red meat intake and GC and OC, showing a positive association in of studies of GC and in of studies on OC...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... evidence of the impacts of microfinance, and a review of the impact of formal banking initiatives Lastly, in all we are aware of three overlapping systematic reviews of the impacts of microfinance: ... Institute of Education, University of London and Centre for Language and Culture, University of Johannesburg Carina van Rooyen, Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, University of Johannesburg ... Washington оо PRIDE, Uganda оо  ssociation of Microfinance Institutions of Uganda A (AMFIU) оо  ssociation of Ethiopian Microfinance Institutions A (AEMI) оо  hana Microfinance Institutions Network...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... relevant outcome (no analysis of nutrient) No relevant outcome (no analysis of nutrient) No relevant outcome (no analysis of nutrient) No relevant outcome (no analysis of nutrient) No relevant ... of chemicals and medicines in crop and animal production, and emphasise protection of the environment Recently published non -systematic reviews comparing nutrient composition of organically and ... Canning No of samples tested, Storage of sample, Age of meat at testing, Cut of meat, Mode of sampling Method of analysis, Which nutrients tested Method of testing, Mode of sampling, Method of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:20

... size, as calculated by the reviewers (mean of word recognition and word attack measures; also mean of comprehension measures, mean of spelling measures, and synthetic versus analytic, where applicable), ... size, as calculated by the reviewers (mean of word recognition and word attack measures; also mean of comprehension measures, mean of spelling measures, and synthetic versus analytic, where applicable), ... Summary of findings, by research question, answer, quality of evidence, strength of effect, statistical significance, and implications for teaching, cont Research question Answer Quality of evidence...

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:22

... Niger, Rwanda, Sri Lanka and Tanzania [22-35] Key interventions that were most often absent included assisted vaginal delivery and manual removal of the placenta Among the explanations offered ... literature reviews; explanatory analytical studies; normative evaluation studies; and descriptive articles Based on an assessment of each component of the intervention against norms and criteria, normative ... methodology and quantitative overviews Review methodology and quantitative overviews Page of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) Human Resources for Health 2009, 7:7 tory analytical studies, ...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... University of Oxford Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration and Bureau of Health Professions: The Pharmacist Workforce: A Study of the Supply and Demand ... unqualified staff and poor salary [42] Supply and demand factors Increased demand or limited supply of pharmacists constrains the ability of the workforce to expand Many different supply and demand factors ... numbers of entrants to the profession However, this expansion presented many concerns regarding quality of teaching, the number of available pharmacy-trained faculty and the academic standard of applicants...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... improving the design and analysis of future studies Another important gap relates to the analysis of professional, regulatory and other barriers to policy change in specific contexts This review used ... core of this review are not yet published in peer-reviewed journals is both strength and a limitation of this review The aim of systematic reviews is to assemble data from both published and unpublished ... Doctors of the People's Republic of China New England Journal of Medicine 1972, 286(24):1292-1300 Mullan F, Frehywot S: Non-physician clinicians in 47 sub-Saharan African countries Lancet 2007,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... RCTs The reviews identified only three assessments of CHWs’ effectiveness from sub-Saharan Africa A non- Page of 11 systematic review by Lehmann and Sanders [13] reported a broad range of evidence ... reviewing randomised and non-randomised studies of CHWs’ impact on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa The weaknesses of non-randomised studies have been described [16] However, exclusion of ... extracted by JC and AL JC wrote the first draft of the paper, and all authors contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data and reviewed and edited the manuscript for important intellectual...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20