an instrument that uses an ion beam

... for irradiation modalities stationary and beam tracking are combined to mean survival S stationary and S tracking and mean standard errors stationary SE S tracking and SE S , respectively In agreement ... entrance position of the range telescope, W-value, and positioning of ionization chambers within the water phantom are not relevant because beam tracking performance was compared to stationary reference ... in (b) (d) For range validation, a range telescope in the target area was used to measure the relative ionization of two parallel-plate ionization chambers (I1 and I2) Range changes were induced...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... and the uniqueness of the deflection of an infinite beam resting on a both non-uniform and nonlinear elastic foundation by means of Banach fixed point theorem In fact, this restriction on the candidate ... equation has not been fully developed The method proposed in this article does not depend on a small parameter and therefore can overcome the disadvantages and limitations of perturbation expansions ... which has an important role in both linear and nonlinear beam equations, is performed in Section In Section 5, we define the subspace on which our integral operator Ψ becomes a contraction, and show...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... and the uniqueness of the deflection of an infinite beam resting on a both non-uniform and nonlinear elastic foundation by means of Banach fixed point theorem In fact, this restriction on the candidate ... equation has not been fully developed The method proposed in this article does not depend on a small parameter and therefore can overcome the disadvantages and limitations of perturbation expansions ... which has an important role in both linear and nonlinear beam equations, is performed in Section In Section 5, we define the subspace on which our integral operator Ψ becomes a contraction, and show...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... Module 7: Building and Consuming a Web Service That Uses ADO.NET vii Review: Building and Consuming a Web Service That Uses ADO.NET This section provides the answers to review questions at the end ... standard transport protocol such as HTTP, to the shipper’s cost-calculation Web service The message might provide the weight and dimensions of a package, origin and destination locations, and ... beyond inputs, outputs, and location Example A Web service can provide reusable functionality that many clients can share For example, a challenge faced by e-commerce applications is the need to...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 16:15

... query expansion, the local analysis idea has been instantiated by estimating additional query language models (Lafferty and Zhai, 2003; Tao and Zhai, 2006) or relevance models (Lavrenko and Croft, ... terms that are less meaningful in the external collection 4.2 External Expansion Model (EEM2) Here, we assume that term t and collection c are conditionally independent, given document D and query ... previous section, we consider two pairwise comparisons—between (an instantion of) our model and the baseline, and between two instantiations of our model—and highlight phenomena that we also...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 23:20

... irradiating the ion beam from right on to the tip (perpendicular to the cantilever surface) Particular milling patterns can be used To irradiate ion beam exactly at the apex of the tip, an ion beam image ... fibre-based (Muranishi et al., 1997; Lacoste et al., 1998; Veerman et al., 1998) and cantileverbased (Dziomba et al., 2001; Mitsuoka et al., 2001) probes In the FIB processing, an ion beam of high ... well defined by irradiation pattern of the ion beam, and the size of the aperture could be precisely controlled by the ion irradiation dose It has also been pointed out that the serial process...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... Figure The source of Ar ions is a commercial ion gun used for sputtering of materials during depth profiling Ar ion beam with the energy of keV at an incidence angle of 45° and a raster of mm × ... Coat Technol 201 (2007), 5738–5741 Fridman G, Brooks AD, Balasubramanian M, Fridman A, Gutsol A, Vasilets VN, Ayan H, Friedman G, Comparison of direct and indirect effects of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure ... Marchand R, Tabrizian M, Yahia LH, Effect of gas composition on spore mortality and etching during low-pressure plasma sterilization, J Biomed Mater Res 51 (2000), 128–135 Stapelmann K, Kylian...

Ngày tải lên: 18/05/2014, 20:33

... Misra and M Nastasi Chapter Industrial Aspects of Ion- Implantation Equipment and Ion Beam Generation Koji Matsuda and Masayasu Tanjyo Chapter Nanostructured Transition-Metal Nitride Layers Daniel ... of ionization and collision processes for various ion beams and energies, he shows how ion- beam mixing (as opposed to ion implantation) can be used in some applications even in an industrial ... decades, many books have been published on ion implantation and ion- beam processing Why this one now? After all, the advantages of using an energetic ion beam to modify surfaces with a view to enhancing...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 13:44

... control by ion beam irradiation, the ion beam conditions for our ion beam equipment were optimized and were 70 eV, 20 µA/cm2, and 10° In our ion beam equipment, ion beam irradiation with an ion beam ... we can see that the pretilt angle of the LC is aligned almost horizontally in some ion beam conditions such that the ion beam energy is higher than 150 eV when exposure angle, exposure time, and ... liquid The ion beam- treated polyimide AL-00010 substrate of which the ion beam conditions are ion beam energy of 300 eV, ion beam current density of 50 µA/cm2, exposure angle of 30°, and exposure...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... during the nanopatterning process, a quantification of LEISS and XPS spectra was performed The quantification results are shown in Figure Both the ISS and the XPS Page of quantification output ... irradiation as a function of fluence after LEISS and XPS quantification The plot of relative concentration (% Au) versus fluence displays two regions (A and B) Gold sputtering takes place in region ... Authors’ contributions OE and JPA planned and prepared the design of the experiment OE, SO, and AC prepared the samples and carried out the irradiations, the LEISS and XPS characterizations OE performed...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... that SHI irradiation improved the transmittance of conducting substrates (indium-doped tin oxide), and their performance was affected in DSSCs The SHI method is based on the interactions of ions ... effective than that obtained by conventional spray pyrolysis [17] or spin coating Chen et al [18] reported nanostructured TiO2 films fabricated by ESD and studied their phase transformations by sintering ... critical value, nucleation of crystalline phases can be expected along the ion trajectory [28,29] Therefore, we speculate that the surface of the TiO2 particles may undergo an ion- beam- induced molten...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... with a scanned ion beam [4,20] In beam' s eye view, lateral motion adaptation of pencil beam positions is feasible by applying offsets to the raster scanner settings Real time energy adaptation to ... with a scanned ion beam and to show the performance of the individual prototype tracking sub-systems Methods Simulation of target motion Lateral target motion orthogonal to the beam direction was ... measurements, analyzed data, and drafted the manuscript CB and ER supported measurements, analyzed data, and revised the manuscript TH and GK improved the conceptual design and revised the manuscript...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:22

... sub-dose distributions Each sub-dose distribution Figure Temporal correlation of scanning progress and organ motion Temporal correlation of scanning progress and organ motion Dose calculation requires ... simple translational motion, the optimized dose distribution can be achieved by tracking because beam adaptation compensates translations and the 3D grid of pencil beam positions is unchanged For ... treatment planning for scanned ion beams The combination of scanned particle beams and target motion represents a double-dynamic system that requires a dedicated solution for 4D treatment planning...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... that injection providers overrate demand for injections and are mistaken to assume that all their patients wish to receive an injection Overuse of injections is also institutionalized in national ... curative and birth control injections as causes of recent HIV infection [44-57] The median fraction of HIV transmission attributed to medical injections in these studies is 18% These associations ... recommendations of recent investigations into hospital corruption in Cameroon Additional file 4: Questions for All Injection Providers An expanded injection safety assessment questionnaire informed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... using the beam as an alignment tool 73 3.4 Brief description of IONDAQ data acquisition system 75 3.5 Beam Test, Performance Analysis and Discussions 79 3.5.1 Resolution Standard ... High Resolution Scanning Transmission Ion Microscopy and its Applications 93 4.1 Basic Principles, Experimental Setup and Analysis of STIM 94 4.1.1 A description of ion beam biological ... light ions (proton and helium ions) and low energy heavy ions (like Gallium ions) 2.5.1 Focused Ion Beam Imaging Systems that use low energy heavy ions like Gallium are called Focused Ion Beam...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:15

... electrochemical anodization process as well as some important parameters for characterizing the anodization Different anodization behavior after irradiation by high and low energy ion beams are then ... large area irradiations Focused ion beam irradiation requires the beam to be extremely stable Because any small fluctuation of the beam energy results in beam current variations, this results ... on the 10˚ beam line has an object distance of m and an image distance of 70 mm which enables a demagnification of 228 in the horizontal and 60 in the vertical directions A resolution of 50 ×...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:04

... aspects of PBW and file conversion processes including beam scanning, beam blanking, stage scanning and control, dose normalization and batch exposure The hardware controlled by IonScan includes ... acquisition (DAQ) cards from National Instruments Presently IonScan is using either 16 bit PCI 6731 or the 12 bit 6711 cards Using these cards the IonScan controls the beam manipulation, beam blanking ... applications in the field of optics and photonics Chapter Proton beam writing 2.1 Centre for Ion Beam Application (CIBA) High energy (100 keV - 3.0 MeV) ion beams of hydrogen and helium ions from...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:04

... is given in Subsection 2.1.1, followed by description of important ion beam parameters and the construction of the ion beam system in Subsection 2.1.2 and Subsection 2.1.3 National University of ... Electron-CyclotronResonance (ECR) ion beam source of a home designed Ion Beam System In the first part of this chapter (Section 2.1), the principle of ECR ion beam source, important ion beam parameters and the ... self-assembled nanopatterns by ion beam bombardment and fabrication process optimization The fabrication of the self-assembled nanostructure and optimization for better uniformity and ordered arrangement...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:09

... orientation of the crystal planes and thus on the depth in which energy is transported by the ion This leads to a change in sputter yield and is referred to as ion channeling« Redeposition is an ... thickness by focused ion beam machining [Mayer et al., 2011] Ion Beam Lithography (IBL) Ion beam lithography uses accelerated ions that are focused on a substrate to directly change the topography ... the ion Ultimately, the ion is stopped and implanted into the target material, as it cannot overcome the surface binding energy any more Figure 3.3 depicts the interaction paths of an ion and...

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2015, 15:14