an hdp model for inducing combinatory categorial grammars

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... 5-gram model. For GIZA ++, we use the standard training reg- imen up to Model 4, and combine alignments with grow-diag-final-and. For the proposed models, we train for 100 iterations, and use the ... for topic models. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 10:1801–1828. Franz Josef Och, Christoph Tillmann, and Hermann Ney. 1999. Improved alignment models for statistical ma- chine translation. ... in each corpus for TM and LM training, tuning, and testing. 7.1 Experimental Setup The data for French, German, and Spanish are from the 2010 Workshop on Statistical Machine Transla- tion (Callison-Burch...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... ((Candito, 1999), (Gaiffe et al., 2002)), 2 As we shall later see, a content can in fact be multi- dimensional and integrate for instance both semantic and syn- tax/semantics interface information. 3 We ... constraints on these sets. For instance, let us consider 2 nodes x and y of the description. Assuming we associate x with the integer i and y with j, we can translate the dominance relation x → y the ... Patterns in metarules. In A. Abeille and O. Rambow, editors, Tree Adjoining Grammars: formal, co mputational and linguistic aspects. CSLI publications, Stanford . M.H. Candito. 1999. Repr ´ esentation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... of Dutch and English. Language 61:523-568. Steedman, M. 1987. Combinators and Grammars. To appear in R. Oehrle, E. Bach, and D. Wheeler (eds.), Categorial Grammars and Natural Lan- guage ... Grammar. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif. Sag, I. 1987. Grammatical Hierarchy and Linear Precedence. To appear in Syntax and Semantics, Volume ... natural language can force the parser to search exhaus- tively with respect to the grammar. While heuristics used even with a large search space can provide the means for tuning performance for...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... M. Steedman. Combinators and grammars. In 1~. Oehrle, E. Bach, and D. Wheeler, editors, Cat- egorial Grammars and Natural Language Struc- tures. Foris, Dordrecht, 1986. M. Steedman. Parsing ... recognition of Combinatory Categorial Grammars, Linear In- dexed Grammars, and Tree Adjoining Grammars. In International Workshop of Parsing Technolo- gies~ Pittsburgh, PA, 1989. D. J. Weir and A. ... only forward combinations) which span the substrings ai ã ak and ak+l aj. Therefore we need to consider all values for k between i through j - 1 and consider the entries in L[i,k]~,q] and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... children. A tree language is any subset of T Σ (V ) for some alphabet Σ and set V . Given another al- phabet ∆ and a set Y , a tree transformation is a relation τ ⊆ T Σ (V ) ì T (Y ). In many of our examples ... natural language transformations. Machine Translation, 21(2):121–133. Andreas Maletti. 2008. Compositions of extended top- down tree transducers. Inform. and Comput., 206(9– 10):1187–1196. Jonathan ... explicitly. 4 Extended tree transducer An extended tree transducer is a theoretical model that computes a tree transformation. Such trans- ducers have been studied first by Arnold and Dauchet (1982) in...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... with software and Dr S. Prince, Dr S. V. Rue and Prof. G. Garab for useful suggestions and debate. T. D. Flint is thanked f or plant g rowth and specimen p reparation as well as L. Child and P. McPhie for ... adjacent membrane. This đts the structural and biochemical data, w here PSII core complexes can be observed in one discrete plane and membrane fraction, and LHCII complexes can be observed in another membrane ... core complexes. Biochemical evidence for two grana membrane fractions Biochemical evidence for the presence of two different membrane types in grana thylako id membrane fractions is scant. A s earch f or conditions...

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Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

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Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... Head-Driven Statistical Models for Natural Language Parsing. Ph.D. the- sis, University of Pennsylvania. Marie-Catherine de Marneffe and Christopher D. Man- ning. 2008. The Stanford Typed Dependencies Representation. ... metric, as for UAS, and BAS. Concerning the other metrics, as the number of k-best candidates increases, the PCFG model outperforms the TDS-reranker both accord- ing to the BDS and the JDS. Unfortunately, ... among the given candi- dates? Since no parser currently exists for the TDS representation, we utilize a state of the art parser for PS trees (Charniak, 1999), and transform each candidate to TDS....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... vector-based models (Sridhar, Bangalore, & Narayanan, 2009), and most recently, feature- enhanced latent semantic analysis (Di Eugenio, Xie, & Serafin, 2010), have shown promise. These models ... annotation was selected for this project for two reasons. First, manual annotation is more robust than automatic recognition of facial action units, and manual annotation facilitated an exploratory, ... expressions can signifi- cantly enhance dialogue act classification for two types of dialogue acts, GROUNDING and REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK. Table 4. Classification accuracy and kappa for spe- cialized...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Mes- sage understanding Conference (MUC-6), pages 45– 52, San Francisco, CA. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. X. Yang and J. Su. 2007. Coreference resolution us- ing semantic relatedness information from ... “Mr. Powell”, and therefore refers to a male person and cannot co-refer with “she”. The entity-mention model based on Eq. (2) per- forms coreference resolution at an entity-level. For simplicity, ... named-entity and contains an indefinite NP in a subject position. This supports the claims in (Yang et al., 2004a) that coreferential informa- tion is an important factor to evaluate a candidate an- tecedent...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... include Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989), Epstein and Wang (1994), Anderson, Hansen, and Sargent (2000), Chen and Epstein (2002), Hansen and Sargent (2001), Epstein and Miao (2003), Routledge and Zin (2002), ... 2005 134 An Equilibrium Model of Rare-Event Premia and Its Implication for Option Smirks Jun Liu Anderson School at UCLA Jun Pan MIT Sloan School of Management, CCFR and NBER Tan Wang Sauder School ... Epstein, Lars Hansen, John Heaton, Michael Johannes, Monika Piazzesi, Bryan Routledge, Jacob Sagi, Raman Uppal, Pietro Veronesi, Jiang Wang, an anonymous referee, and seminar participants at CMU,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... number. ã For verbs, generated forms had to match the original form for tense and negation. ã For adjectives, generated forms had to match the original form for degree of comparison and negation. ã For ... Chiang (2007), a weighted gram- mar of this form can be collected and scored by sim- ple extensions of standard methods for phrase-based translation and efficiently combined with a language model ... based on any submodels and heuristic es- timates that can already be computed for that item and used to arrange the chart items into a priority queue. Combinations of one or more rules that span a...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... baseline. The ensemble model outperforms all of the individ- ual models and does so very consistently across both first-order and second-order dependency models. Error Analysis To better understand the contri- bution ... individual models in al- most all cases. Among the individual models, the model with Brown semantic clusters clearly outper- forms the baseline, but the two models with syntac- tic clusters perform ... Nivre and McDonald, 2008; Attardi and Dell’Orletta, 2009; Surdeanu and Manning, 2010). Essentially, all of these approaches combine dif- ferent dependency parsing systems, i.e. transition- based and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20