an experimental approach to standardize the 14c incorporation technique

... Figure 1-4, the cells on the coverage area are arranged into clusters (in the example, cells/cluster) The total frequency band of the provider is then further split into chunks (as many chunks ... convinced the management of ESA to financially support our modest R&D effort While the ‘religious’ battle xiv An Experimental Approach to CDMA and Interference Mitigation between the TDMA and CDMA ... factor of the uplink channels In IS-95 the gross channel bandwidth is 1.25 MHz, whilst the maximum data rate is 19.2 kbit/s Of course, the MAI creates either an impairment on the quality of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... given by the convolution between the narrowband PSD of the data and the wideband PSD of the spreading sequence, and that the power of the DS/SS signal is exactly the same as the power Ps of the narrowband ... then by randomly changing the carrier frequency of the modulator so as to place the signal spectrum in another bin, and so forth The final result is that the signal spectrum ‘hops’ from bin to bin ... the bandwidth definitions presented above we have SS M B B (2.38) Therefore the parameter M can be seen as the ratio between the bandSS and the bandwidth B of the convenwidth occupancy of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... all the signals simultaneously access, in DS/SS mode, the same frequency spectrum All the user signals are therefore transmitted at the same time and over the same frequency band, but they can ... Chapter The probability density function of the random variable X representing the distance from the BS to the MT is then pX x dP dx 2x , R2 x R (2.132) Finally, we compute the mean value of the ... refer to the downlink for the worst and average case, respectively, and have been plotted by using (2.128) with the settings (2.129) for the WC and (2.134) for the AC Dots and squares refer to the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... processes the kth, the (k+1)th and the (k+2)th periods, for the detection of the (k+1)th symbol, and the third unit processes the (k+1)th, the (k+2)th and the (k+3)th periods, for the detection of the ... the LSB of the accumulator If there are nacc bits in the accumulator, the phase is quantized into increments of nacc cycle Usually only the n pha Most Significant Bits (MSBs) of the accumulator ... leads to the concept of an adaptive detector, whose coefficients are adapted in real time so as to minimize the mean square error and thus build ‘on the fly’ an optimum linear detector for the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... Architecture of the linear interpolator All of the coefficients Ci ( ) of the interpolator have absolute values smaller than unity for any in the interval [0,1] Therefore they can be quantized by ... CPRU and CPRU , respectively) can be related to the noise loop (as is bandwidth BL and to the loop damping factor When BLTs always the case) one can resort to the following approximate equations ... Detector (CED) that operates on the E/L samples and an update unit which recursively updates the integer delay and the fractional epoch input to the LIU The CED (shown in Figure 3-22) is the traditional...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... periods for the detection of the r th symbol, the second unit processes the r th, the (r 1) th and the (r 2) th periods, for the detection of the (r 1) th symbol, and the third unit processes the (r ... 3L-dimensional vector (also termed ‘extended vector’ as opposed to ‘non-extended’ L-dimensional vectors), the superscript T to denote transposition, and the asterisk * to denote complex conjugation The 3L-dimensional ... the RF power of the kth channel and sk (t ) is the relevant spreading signature defined as L sk t ck gT t Tc (3.102) In (3.101) k , k and k are the time delay, the carrier phase shift, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... models for the sub-blocks These models can be simulated together to ascertain whether they work as required, and a tolerable implementation loss with respect to the floating point model can then be ... practice in creating the design for the ASIC, first to verify and test it, and only then to implement the changes necessary for translating the design to FPGA technology Operating the other way round ... the native design for FPGA When the design is ported to the ASIC the test structures need to be added and re-verified with another iteration on the FPGA 4 From System Design to Hardware Prototyping...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... In the ASIC architecture the gain factor G is applied to the output signals on the M5, M6, M7 multipliers, rather than directly to the inputs, because such an arrangement allows one to keep the ... both the real and imaginary parts of the useful chanel, and with a variable level of noise and interferers The signal at the output of the analog IF AGC is then yve = Gan ⋅ ye, (5.5) where Gan ... simulation was then performed on this netlist to validate the circuit behavior The synthesized netlist was input to the VSSTM simulator, together with the timing back-annotations (in Standard Delay...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... is concerned, the testbed operator can set the number of active channels, the chip and bit rates, the code length and type, and the number of active users The roll off factor of the chip pulse ... compares the transmitted bits (as read from the relevant file produced by the FORTRAN simulator and sent via RS232 to the receiver board) with their estimates as derived by the EC-BAID detector The ... by means of an analog SAW filter with fixed bandwidth of 2.5 MHz, to take into account of the maximum signal bandwidth Finally, a precise amount of noise is added to the transmitted signal to reproduce...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... make them easier to implement by the VLSI/chip architects And the latter could at the end of the project suggest many non-trivial modifications to the system-level DSP algorithms to make them ... useful, the pilot and the interfering ones) N L , N L and N 3L , respectively The interfering channels are equi-powered and the ‘useful carrier to single-interferer’ power ratio is set to C I dB The ... possible the transmission conditions and system configurations listed in the project specifications According to Table 6-1, the code length L was varied into the range 32–128, the chip rate Rc spanned...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... development, we need to select an approach which best serves the needs of EFL learners and the syllabus Carter and Long (1991) describe the rationale for the use of the three main approaches to the teaching ... ‘reductive’ approach to literature These activities are disconnected from the literary goals of the specific text in that they can be applied to any text There is little engagement of the learner with the ... examiners to introduce unabridged and authentic texts to the EFL syllabus There is a general perception that literature is particularly complex and inaccessible for the foreign language learner and can...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... worked together to prepare the agenda and prospectus for the workshop The agenda and prospectus were sent to the participants prior to the workshop (Annexes A and B) The workshop centred on the ... fisheries and used the recent PROCFish surveys to help the participants to understand stocks in their countries in order to adapt their management plans ORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSHOP Preparation The ... addition to using the ACIAR manager’s toolbox, the workshop focused around the roadmap, regulatory measures and management actions of the recent FAO manuals on an ecosystem approach to managing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:12

... implies to have tools able to preserve the aesthetic design intent during the required model modifications and able to extract the aesthetic character from CAD models and compare it to others and/or ... designers on the selected entities, and on the other hand to measure some shape properties to provide the interpretation of the object character Due to their first usage, these modelling tools have ... www.think3.com) For the propagation of the change to the surface, the following aspects have to be kept into account and are now under consideration: • How to preserve the CSE s’ semantic: e.g if the CSE...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... in the s)ntax tree and it is difficult to determine whether the) ' integrate the material in the comptemennzer Wltla the material in the core sentence as they are analy.zing the material in the ... Finally than following man If we exclude any effects of grammatical functions and assume a simple l.eft -to- right attachment of the three constituents Finally, the stranee voune man and left, to the ... location of major and minor phrase boundaries, the stress given to words, the transcription of words and the boundaries between them, the timing of segments, and details of the pitch contour As we will...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... extending the law beyond one hundred, astronomers were able to predict the existence of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto The appearanceofthese trans-saturnian planets at the mathematically-appointed time and ... all the simpler elements in the organism (p 686) the he the the Approaches to Astrology 43 The Energy Approach At the present time, the holistic philosophy is for many people the most aesthetically ... that people cometo me expecting me to all the work, all the talking, and to deliver to them all the answers to their own individual dilemmas It is clear to me that the opennessof the client in...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 04:20

... importance than the house position and aspects of these planets The aspects of these trans-saturnian planets to the personal planets reveal how one is attuned to the forces ofchange within his ... demands In order to this, the earth signs naturally need to get their feet in the mud once in a while, to get closeto nature, and to tune in on the power of growth in trees and plants To give an ... gives rise to a tendencyto manipulate others in order to fulfill their dwn security needs and to be too attached to the past and rather fearful of the present and future There is often a vital...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 04:20

... has an advantage and zero otherwise The enhancement concept was used in addition to the I-MMSE approach in order to attain the upper bound in (30) The primary usage of these two concepts came together ... eigenvalues and the matrix C is reduced to a standard eigenvalue problem [19] Choosing the eigenvectors of the standard eigenvalue problem to be orthonormal, and the requirement on the order of the eigenvalues, ... error covariance matrix of the joint Gaussian estimator The fundamental relationship between information theory and estimation theory in the Gaussian channel gave rise to a variety of other relationships...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... added and the flask was closed with cotton than with aluminum foil and put in an autoclave After this step, the pH of sample was adjusted to 6.5 and 4.5 with sodium acetate and HCI and the volume ... 1986) and 150 ml ethanol was added to the sample One twenty five milliliter of hexane was added into an Erlenmeyer flask and then heated in a water bath Thus, evaporated hexane condensed onto the ... 0.52 to 1.15 and 0.71; minerals: Na range and average are 1.3–20.1 and 10.11; K, 182.5– 395.9 and 264.7; Mg, 8.6–24.5 and 11.6; Ca, 1.4–3.9 and 4.2 There are less amounts of scientific data and the...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... RK, and BL carried out the immunofluorescence assays manually and automatically EF, MGW and GRB conceived of the study and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript ... patterns by the investigator and did not reach the threshold level in the automated system demonstrated no antibodies to ENA by other techniques Thus, agreement in this patient cohort regarding the differentiation ... data management and provides the basis for efficient exchange of data Automated interpretation systems for cell-based IIF assays can minimize the drawbacks regarding other automated techniques and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 12:20