an efficient ilp formulation for path protection

... 391 (worst) 271 EFFICIENT GENETIC ALGORITHM 31 Table Summary of the first 10 iterations of GA Iter Merge Draft Candidate Fitness Replace 10 and 4 and and and 2 and and and and and and 1-2-3-10-11-12 ... can solve some instances of the p-median problem with reasonable effort A typical approach is to combine Lagrangian relaxation with branch-and-bound (see, for example, (Daskin, 1995)) Galvão and ... demand points and allocates the demand points to the facilities The objective is to minimize the total demand-weighted distance between the demand points and the facilities The following formulation...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2013, 08:38

... waiting for either an active edge or an inactive edge, and performs the following procedure when receiving an edge • When Pk receives an active edge (i,z - A o x B ) , 7-)k preserve the edge and ... NLP systems have many possibilities If we introduce semantic processing for instance, overall processing time may not change because the idle time is used for semantic processing Another possibility ... at each time Though this m a y not look like an efficient way at first glance, it has been performed efficiently by shared m e m o r y mechanisms and our copying methods A CSA uses two different...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... generation algorithm which can form part of any Shakeand-Bake style MT system with suitable grammars and information transfer The transfer module is free to attempt structural transfer in order to produce ... Tomita, and Kenneth Goodman 1992 Machine Translation: A Knowledge-Based Approach Morgan Kaaufmann, San Mateo, CA Fred Popowich 1994 Improving the Efficiency of a Generation Algorithm for Shake and ... Shake and Bake Translation In Proceedings of COLING 92, pages 610-616, Nantes, France P Whitelock 1994 Shake-and-Bake Translation In C J Rupp, M A Rosner, and R L Johnson, editors, Constraints, Language...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 22:20

... 0fthe following forms: • NA stands for null adjoining and means that at node X no adjoining can take place, • SA(B) stands for selective adjoining and means that at X the adjoining of an auxil- 285 ... tree (6 B) can take place (where each tree in B h a s the same root and foot node label as X) or TWO FORM TRANSFORMATION The parsing algorithm of Vijay.Shanker and Joshi • OA(B) stands for obligalory ... is transformed in two form so that condition can be satisfied easier This transformation is accomplished by the constructive proof for the theorem that for each TAG (or TAG with Constraints for...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 18:20

... concentration and hence enhance the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents Meanwhile, it is observed that the inhibition effect for drug-resistant K562/AO2 cancer cells was relatively significant than that for ... into the nanocomposites and stored in the dark at 4°C for more than 12 h to form the PLA/Au nanocomposites conjugated with dauborubicin Atomic Force Microscopy Study In a relevant atomic force microscopy ... 72(4):477-485 30 Zhang RY, Wang XM, He NY: J Nanosci Nanotech 2005, 5:1245-1248 31 Lv G, He F, Wang XM, Gao F, Zhang G, Wang T, Jiang H, Wu CH, Guo DD, Li XM, Chen BA, Gu ZZ: Langmuir 2008, 24:2151-2156...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... Valjevska banka, JIK banka, Pozarevacka banka, Sabacka banka, Beogradska banka, Beobanka, Jugobanka, and Investbanka Later, two more banks were added to this list - Dafiment banka and Banka privatne ... these banks were transferred to the newly formed National Savings Bank (more details in Section 3) Two other banks (Jubanka a.d and Kosovska banka a.d.) that survived the changes of banking regulations ... Postal Savings Bank, Energoprojekt Garant a.d for insurance and reinsurance (Belgrade), the company Dunav Insurance from Belgrade, as well as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... introduces another problem: A query treegram may not appear in the treegram index as it is Therefore, VENONA expands all query treegram structures at runtime; for a given query treegram g, this expansion ... tree is of greater degree, it will be transformed automatically to a d-ary tree (3) For describing a single treegram g, VENONA takes each of g's hashed labels and combines it with the position of ... index among those available for the tree database (2) VENONA collects q's treegrams and represents them by sets of treegram parts For a given query treegram, V E N O N A expands the structure number...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... Surface wordforms and pos's ofw~ +1, i.e., word range r = We can, therefore, say that (B) and (C) showed equally significant improvement from (A): expansion of the word range r from I to and using ... SA tags for Japanese and English and used t h e m in our experiments 1Japanese tags, for example, had four tags mainly used for dialogue endings: thank, offer-follow-up, goodwishes, and farewell, ... transcriptions were separated by language, i.e., English and Japanese, and the resultant two corpora share the same content Both transcriptions went through morphological analysis, which was manually...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... spoken language understanding Figure provides the rules for spoken Japanese understanding, with which the sentence (1) is parsed and interpreted T h e y include the pragmatic, semantic and knowledge ... Gertjan van Noord, Robert C Moore, and Fernando C.N Pereira A semantic-head-driven generation algorithm for unification-based formalisms Pro- Remarks In this paper, we provided a basic and practical ... derivation steps in TD and HD, and the number of passive and active edges in GCF and GCO The decimals in parentheses show the ratio of the performance of each method to the performance of TD The table...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... mono-lingually classes for the target language (English) and afterwards optimizing classes for the source language (Eq (11) and Eq (12)) For EUTRANS-I we used 60 classes and for EUTRANS-II we used 500 ... performance of the translation system was optimal The CPU time for optimization of bilingual word classes on an Alpha workstation was under 20 seconds for EUTRANS-I and less than two hours for ... Communication and Technology, pages 973-976 Sven Martin, JSrg Liermann, and Hermann Ney 1998 Algorithms for bigram and trigram word clustering Speech Communication, 24(1):1937 Franz Josef Och and Hermann...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:20

... cross -protection against oncogenic HPV by an HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted cervical cancer vaccine: Importance of virological and clinical endpoints and implications for mass vaccination in cervical cancer ... as: Mariani and Venuti: HPV vaccine: an overview of immune response, clinical protection, and new approaches for the future Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8:105 Submit your next manuscript ... vascular and lymphatic channels and to lymph nodes where immune responses are initiated; most DNA viruses have mechanisms for inhibiting interferon synthesis and receptor signaling, and papillomaviruses...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Gaussian with zero mean and variance s2, and the SNR is defined as L 10log10 pn /(Lσ ) n=1 The angle scanning grid is uniform in the range from 1° to 180° with 1° increment between adjacent angle ... http://asp.eurasipjournals.com/content/2012/1/7 Page of Figure Performance comparison of IAA and EIAA (a-c) For SNR = dB; (d-f) for SNR = 10 dB (a, d) Angle error difference power power angle angle ; (b, e) power error difference ... erangle power estimation error is defined by Figure 3a, angle erEIAA angle erIAA − ˆ (θi − θi ) /3 i=1 erpower i=1 and the b, d, e represent histograms of and erpower − erpower , and the triangles...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... (2000) 14 MS Hwang, CC Yang, CY Shiu, An authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems ACM SIGOPS Oper Syst Rev 145(2-3), 42–47 (2003) 15 YF Chang, CC Chang, An efficient authentication ... (2011) Article ID 392529 B Francesco, B Cecilia, AC Enzo, C Stefano, EC Giovanni, N Massimo, P Claudio, P Marco, R Stefano, VC Alessandro, LTE adaptation for mobile broadband satellite networks EURASIP ... [12,14,15], and [16] in Table It can be seen that only the proposed scheme can fulfill the seven criteria for designing an authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems 4.2 Security analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... are plotted in Figures and for the DCT and the DWT domains, respectively As can be seen, for images form DB2 and DB3, the BER is lower for the proposed technique than that for the conventional ... watermark and the decoder produces high error rates For both transform domains, the proposed technique performs significantly better than the conventional one for images from DB1 (improvement of 0.25 for ... ratio is varied between 1.5 bpp and 0.5 bpp for images from DB1 and DB2, and between bpp and bpp for images from DB3 It is worth mentioning that for all images and the two domains, the WSQ compression...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... ped_7_1_what_you_need_to_know_about_skin_cancer.asp] van der Leun JC, de Gruijl FR: UV-B radiation and ozone depletion: effects on humans, animals, plants, microorganisms, and materials In Influences of ozone depletion on human and aniaml ... environment and human tissues and organs This gives organic nanoparticles a definitive advantage over metal oxide nanoparticles, since these particles resist breakdown by biological organisms and remain ... nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes, is the leading force of oxidative stress, inflammation, and consequent damage to DNA, proteins and membranes [20] Further concern for these nanomaterials...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... suitable for initial screening of virus resistance in transgenic plants It can reduce the time needed to evaluate the performance of transgenic plants and it is suitable for testing such plants under ... of the work and edited the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final manuscript Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the Jordanian National Seeds Production company for kindly ... 2Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratories, Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan and 3Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter SLU,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... of CCR5 and CXCR4 for HIV-1 infection can be inhibited by their ligands, RANTES and SDF-1β, respectively [37,38] Some ligands have been used as starting materials to find and develop anti-HIV ... peptide (B) or RANTES for two hours at 37°C (C), and then inoculated with two HIV-1 strains, GUN-7WT (m and l) and HCM342 (h and n), HIV-2 CBL23 strain (n and s), and SIV mndGB-1 strain ( and r) Six ... phagocytes, and in many organs [31,46], even though their roles in human cells other than neutrophils remain to be elucidated Roles of coreceptors other than CCR5 and CXCR4 in HIV-1 infection and the pathogenesis...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... Halterman M, Rimel BJ, Federoff H, Pandya S, Rosenblatt JD, Planelles V: Lentivirus vectors using human and simian immunodeficiency virus elements J Virol 1999, 73:2832-2840 Rizvi TA, Panganiban ... vectors FACS analysis using HIV-1 Gag-Poltransfer to HIV-2 transfer a Quantitative assessment of GFP to package gene and by a Quantitative assessment of GFP transfer to SVC2 cells by FACS analysis ... have been mapped by deletion and mutational analysis For HIV-1, sequences between the major splice donor and the start codon of Gag have been shown to be important for efficient packaging [8] HIV-1...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... genotype probabilities (14) cannot be written as a product of a single anterior and posterior However, any of the anterior the posterior cutsets used in 14 can be computed efficiently Thus, this new ... A general model for the genetic analysis of pedigree data Human Hered 1971, 21:523-542 Lange K, Elston RC: Extension to pedigree analysis I Likelihood calculations for simple and complex pedigrees ... the anterior cutset for i: C iA ( g Vi ) = ∑ ∏ f (g )∏ C i sj j gi A k ( g Vk ) (9) k where j is an individual whose function fj( g s i ) remains in LEi-1 and i ∈ sj, k is an individual whose anterior...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... convective heat transfer coefficient for the wet and frosted surfaces in heat exchangers with simultaneous heat and mass transfer 1.2.2.2 Wavy fin-and-tube heat exchanger Jang and Chen (1997) numerically ... on wavy fin-and-tube heat exchangers with flat tubes, and examined the effects of fin pitch, fin height and fin length on the heat transfer and pressure performance Mirth and Ramadhyani (1994) ... AN EFFICIENT AND ROBUST ALGORITHM FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW AND ITS APPLICATION IN HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT CHENG YONGPAN (B Eng., M Eng., Xian Jiaotong University, China) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02