an annotation scheme for free word order languages

... '99 An annotation scheme for discourse-level argumentation in research articles Simone Teufel t and Jean Carletta f and Marc Moens ~ tHCRC Language Technology Group and tHuman Communication ... instructions for the two versions of the scheme (6 pages for the basic scheme and 17 pages for the full scheme) , four training papers and weekly discussions, in which previous annotations were ... expect high random agreement for our annotation scheme because so many sentences fall into the OWN category. Studies I and II will determine how far we can trust in the human-annotated training...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... A majority of human languages including Indian and other languages have relatively free word or- der. tn free word order languages, order of words contains only secondary information such as ... to Indian languages. This paper shows that the Paninian framework applied to modern Indian languages gives an elegant account of the relation between surface form (vib- hakti) and semantic ... Parsing Free Word Order Languages in the Paninian Framework Akshar Bharati Rajeev Sangal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... of the sentence~ 3 The interaction of ordering variability and pragmatics can be found in many languages and not only in so-called free- word- order languages. Consider the following two English ... word order is much greater than in English while the role syntax plays is greater than in some of the so-called free- word- order languages like Warlpiri. The German data are well attested and ... Dominance/Linear Precedence for- malism {ID/LP), and complements an earlier treatment of German word order) The framework is slightly modified to ac- commodate the relevant class of word order...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... 823 Cambridge, MA 02139 ABSTRACT Free- word order languages have long posed significant problems for standard parsing algorithms. This paper re- ports on an implemented parser, based on Government- ... (Chomsky, 1981, 1982), for a par- ticular free- word order language, Warlpiri, an aboriginal language of central Australia. The parser is explicitly de- signed to transparently mirror the principles ... parser that can parse some free- word order sentences of Warlpiri. The representations (e.g., the lexicon and phrase-markers) and algorithms (e.g., projection, undirected case-marking, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... originally conceived for flexible word order languages. (In the extreme free word order case, an ATN would have one single node and a large number of looping arcs, losing its meaningfulness). Work ... in it many similarities with concepts developed independently in the Lexical- Functional Grammar linguistic theory (Kaplan & Bresnan, 1982). 3. A parser for flexible word order languages ... from one word, whose execution is temporarily suspended, to another one and so on, with reentering in a suspended word if an event occurs that can help proceeding in the suspended word& apos;s...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

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Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:21

... the DCT is used, which transforms an 8  8block of data into 8  8 DCT coecients. A two-dimensional DCT can be performed by rst transforming each row, and then transforming each column of the ... precision. The quantization factor can be specied for each coecient separately. Thus the unimportant higher harmonics can be quantized more than the lower harmonics. The quantization factors ... needed can be formulated quite concisely and elegantly, and that the borderline between `specication' and `implementation' is fading: the correctness of the specication can be demonstrated...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 15:15

... Association for Computational Linguistics A Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine Translation Pi-Chuan Chang ∗ Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 pichuan@stanford.edu Kristina ... the predicted words. For some language pairs, such as English and Japanese, the ordering problem is es- pecially hard, because the target word order differs significantly from the source word order. Previous ... 35.37 Table 4: Performance of the first pass order models and 30-best oracle performance, followed by perfor- mance of re-ranking model for different feature sets. Results are in MT. re-ranking model...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... skipped word ranges between 0.95 and 1.05, depending on the word& apos;s position in the sentence. The penalty for a substituted word was set to 0.9, so that substituting a word would be preferable ... Linguistics, 19(1):25-59, 1993. [Lavie and Tomita, 1993] A. Lavie and M. Tomita. GLR* - An Efficient Noise-skipping Parsing Algo- rithm for Context -free Grammars. In Proceedings of Third ... veloping an integrated heuristic scheme for selecting the parse that is deemed "best" from such a collection. We describe the heuristic measures used and their combi- nation scheme. ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... from and to the MACAON exchange format. htk2macaon and fsm2macaon convert word lattices from the HTK format (Young, 1994) and ATT FSM format (Mohri et al., 2000) to the MACAON exchange format. ... European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information, Prague, Czech Republic, pages 8–15. M. Attia, J. Foster, D. Hogan, J. Le Roux, L. Tounsi, and J. van Genabith. 2010. Handling Unknown Words ... latent annotations (Petrov et al., 2006), a for- malism that showed state-of-the-art parsing accu- racy for a wide range of languages. In addition it of- fers a sophisticated handling of unknown words...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Resig-Ferrazzano, and Tanya Viger. Also thanks to Charles Yang for much useful discussion, and valuable comments from the anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by PSC- CUNY Grant #63387-00-32 and ... several thousand sentences from corpora in the CHILDES database in five languages (English, German, Italian, Japanese and Russian), we found that approximately 85% are degree-0 and an approximate ... Inductive bias and coevolution of language and the language acquisition device. Language, 76 (2), 245-296. Chomsky, N. (1981) Lectures on Government and Binding, Dordrecht: Foris Publications....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... identities for the curl and the divergence; see (2.29), (2.30), needed for the proof of Theorem 2.4. Here we also transform the vector field to the Lagrangian frame and express the operators and iden- tities ... equations, divV = 0, so the volume form κ is preserved and hence an upper bound for the metric also implies a lower bound for the eigenvalues and an upper bound for the inverse of the metric follows. In ... problem for q 1 and defining W 1 by (3.27). Finally we solve (3.26) for W 0 within the divergence -free class. This gives existence of solutions for (3.19) for general vector fields F once we can solve...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... transmembrane segment 1 as an essential area for ET-1 binding and homodimer formation Christian Klammt 1 , Ankita Srivastava 2 , Nora Eifler 3 , Friederike Junge 1 , Michael Beyermann 4 , Daniel ... Volker Doetsch 1 and Frank Bernhard 1 1 Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt ⁄ Main, Germany 2 Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, ... Walter Rosenthal for the cDNA of human ETB. We further thank Robert Tampe ´ and Katrin Schulze for their help with SPR analysis. The work was financially supported by SFB 628 ‘Functional Membrane Proteomics’. References 1...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... company does not involve the word "unfortunately", but ten capitalized but in fact can stand for an adjective (American president) as well as a proper noun (he was an American). ... normalization for different words and showed that " sometimes case variants refer to the same thing (hurricane and Hurricane), some- times they refer to different things (continental and ... Continental) and sometimes they don't re- fer to much of anything (e.g. anytime and Any- time)." Obviously these differences are due to the fact that some capitalized words stand for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... sentences for training and 4 Hiragana and katakana are phonetic characters which rep- resent Japanese syllables. Katakana is primarily used to write foreign words. 10,000 sentences for testing. Then, ... paragraph above. 4 Japanese Word Segmentation 4.1 Word Segmentation as a Classification Task Many tasks in natural language processing can be formulated as a classification task (van den Bosch 3 Since ... verbs and adjectives. It is never used for particles, which are always writ- ten in hiragana. Therefore, it is more probable that a boundary exists between a kanji character and a hi- ragana character....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20