an algorithm for generating abstract syntax trees

... cases are not problematic, for instance, when two descriptors achieve unique identifi- cation and can be expressed by a simple noun phrase consisting of a head noun and an adjective. In more complex ... p and false otherwise Table 2: Functions used in the algorithm 210 Major problems for the future are an even tighter inte- gration of the algorithm in the generation process as a whole and ... 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics, pages 68-75, Vancouver, Canada. Association for Computational Linguistics, Morris- town, New Jersey. Robert Dale, and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... take note of three lemmas for IITGs (proofs omitted): Lemma l For any inversion-invariant transduction grammar G, there exists an equivalent inversion- invariant transduction grammar G' ... G' contains no productions of the form A ~ e/e. Lemma2 For any inversion-invariant transduction grammar G, there exists an equivalent inversion- invariant transduction gratrm~r G' where ... right-hand side of any production of G' contains either a single terminal- pair or a list of nonterminals. Lemma3 For any inversion-invariant transduction grammar G, there exists an equivalent...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 22:20

... III PERFORMANCE OF THE ALGORITHM The algorithm as described has been implemented in Simula 67 on a DEC ELI091 and applied to a corpus of some 300 words in 75 languages and dialects of Vanuatu. ... (Abramowitz and Stegun 1970). B. Vowel/Consonant Correspondences Disallowing correspondences between vowels and consonants vastly improved the performance of the algorltbm. No human intervention ... AN ALGORITHM FOR IDENTIFYING COGNATES BETWEEN RELATED LANGUAGES Jacques B.M. Guy Linguistics Department (RSPacS) Australian National University GPO Box 4, Canberra 2601 AUSTRALIA ABSTRACT...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... termed as dominance and value cut- offs. A dominance cut-off is carried out locally for sibling nodes, when two partial descriptions exclude the same set of potential distractors, and the same ... best-first search algorithm for producing referring expressions that identify sets of objects. The power of the algorithm comes from linguistically motivated restrictions and preferences, and from a ... and Categorization, E. Rosch, B. Lloyd (eds.), pp. 27-48, L. Earlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey. van Deemter, K. 2002. Generating Referring Expressions: Boolean Extensions of the Incre- mental Algorithm. ...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... of an expression and generating the arguments to that functor. In the presentation of the basic algorithm below we will make the simplifying assumption that for any formula of the semantic ... appearance of a variable can only be further instanfiated by a semantic individual constant and so the semantic representation after generation cannot be further instantiated in such a way that ... 9LW Abstract We present an algorithm for the generation of sentences from the semantic representations of Unification Categorial Grammar. We discuss a variant of Shieber's semantic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... non-transliteration pairs than transliter- ation pairs. We don’t want to maximize the like- lihood of the non-transliteration pairs. Instead we want to optimize the transliteration performance for test ... filtering model and the transliteration model. In section 3, we present our iterative transliteration mining algorithm and an al- gorithm which computes a stopping criterion for the mining algorithm. ... its performance is similar to or better than many of the semi-supervised systems on three language pairs. We are only aware of one previous work which uses transliteration information for word...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... several graph-based algorithms derived from his formal model of plan recognition. In Kautz's algorithms, an explanation for an observation is represented in the form of an explanation graph ... modelling this information and have provided an algorithm for constructing and reasoning with it. The steps of the construction algorithm parallel the reasoning that an agent performs in determining ... like to thank Cecile Balkanski, Barbara Grosz, Stuart Shieber, and Candy Sidner for many helpful discussions and comments on the research presented in this paper. REFERENCES Allen, J. and Perrault,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... used for the analysis were from the administrative claims data. To test the performance of the effectiveness algorithm and to see whether it was similar for non-biologic RA treatments, we performed ... made substantial contributions to conception and design, and to the analysis and interpretation of the data. TRM and GWC handled acquisition of data. All authors contributed to the manuscript ... optimization of the algorithm would be desirable, but substantially more data would be required for this approach and for validation. Finally, as an additional opportunity to extend the algorithm in...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:45

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2013, 08:38

... Proceedings of COLING’02. K. van Deemter and S. Peters. 1996. Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification. CSLI, Stanford. E. Vestre. 1991. An algorithm for generating non-redundant quantifier scopings. In ... semantics: An introduction. Journal of Language and Computation. To appear. M. Egg, A. Koller, and J. Niehren. 2001. The Constraint Language for Lambda Structures. Logic, Language, and Information, ... Linguistics Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany {koller,stth}@coli.uni-sb.de Abstract We present an efficient algorithm for the redundancy elimination problem: Given an underspecified semantic representation (USR)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... for composing trees. Many modern types of TAG also allow tree substitution next to adjunc- tion. Our algorithm can be straightforwardly extended to handle tree substitution. The main changes ... onto the stack. This can be used for computation of derived trees or derivation trees, and for computation of features. Since this technique is almost identical to that for the context-free ... CS(N), for each N; • (N, L) • CS(N), for each N such that N <~* l, and each L • Af*; • N • CS(N), for each N such that -~(N<~*l); and • for each N, children(N) = MI""Mm and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... wish to thank our colleagues Kerima Benkerimi, David Elworthy, Peter Gibbins, Inn Johnson, Andrew Kay and Antonio Sanfilippo at SLE, and our anonymous reviewers for useful feedback and discussions ... as translation coverage is extended and new lan- guage pairs are added. 5 Conclusion We have presented a polynomial complexity gener- ation algorithm which can form part of any Shake- and-Bake ... component has performed consistently better. References V. Allegranza, P. Bennett, J. Durand, F. van Eynde, L. Humphreys, P. Schmidt, and E. Steiner. 1991. Linguistics for Machine Translation:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 22:20

... Carl and Ivan A. Sag 1987. Information-Based Syntax and Semantics VoI.1. CSLI Lecture Notes 13. Stanford: CSLI. Shieber, S. 1985. "Using Restriction to Extend Parsing Algorithms for ... pe,forms instanliation tit)ring parsing. Some details of the LR parsing algorithm are assumed from Aho and Ullman (1987) and Aho and Johnson (1974), and more formal definitions and notations ... AN EXTENDED LR PARSING ALGORITHM FOR GRAMMARS USING FEATURE-BASED SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES Tsuneko Nakazawa Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Linguistics...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... Parmentier, and Johannes Dellert. 2008. De- veloping an MCTAG for German with an RCG- based parser. In Proceedings of LREC-2008, Mar- rakech, Morocco. Wolfgang Maier and Anders Søgaard. 2008. Tree- banks ... to instantiate a clause of the grammar, we need to find ranges for all variables in the clause and for all occurrences of terminals. For convenience, we assume the variables in a clause and the ... adjacent variables can be concatenated), it is called an in- stantiated predicate and the result of applying φ to all predicates in c, if defined, is called an instanti- ated clause. We also introduce range...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... f(g) are called the rank and fan-out of p, respectively, written r(p) and f(p). The rank and fan-out of G, written r(G) and f(G), respectively, are the max- imum rank and fan-out among all of ... constituents. Many applications use LCFRSs where the fan-out (a measure of the discontinuity of phrases) is not allowed to be greater than 2. We present an ef- ficient algorithm for transforming LCFRS with ... the while loop can be executed in constant time. 5 Discussion We have presented an algorithm for the binariza- tion of a LCFRS with fan-out 2 that does not in- crease the fan-out, and have discussed...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... easy readability of generated texts, and therefore could significantly enhance the performance of NLG systems (Scott and Souza, 1990). Most existing natural language generation sys- tems use rhetorical ... com- putational analysis of parentheticals, the most recent ones being (Bonami and Godard, 2007) who give an underspecified semantics account of evaluative ad- verbs in French and (Siddharthan, 2002) ... con- straints on which trees can be combined with each 1 See for example, Rule 14 of (Strunk and White, 1979) other will be localized in the trees themselves. By incorporating information about rhetorical...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20