alzheimer s disease as a major health socioeconomic and research challenge

... Neurodegenerative Disease 589 Akio Sekigawa, Masayo Fujita, Kazunari Sekiyama, Yoshiki Takamatsu, Jianshe Wei and Makoto Hashimoto Chapter 26 Structure Based 3D-QSAR Studies on Cholinesterase Inhibitors ... association cortices adding a cortico-cortical disconnection that correlates with aphasia, apraxia and agnosia, as well as visuospatial and executives disorders At first the degeneration is slight ... These NFTs have a clear-cut temporal and topographic distribution across brain areas as the disease progresses The best staging of such structures has been provided by Braak and Braak (Braak...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 05:20

... kinases and phosphatases [3] One particular tau kinase pertinent to metal dyshomeostasis in AD is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) GSK3 has recently been implicated as a critical kinase involved ... Ceruloplasmin is increased in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer s disease but not Parkinson s disease Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 8, 190–197 Hye A, Lynham S, Thambisetty M, Causevic M, Campbell J, Byers ... iron and zinc in Alzheimer s disease senile plaques J Neurol Sci 158, 47–52 18 Maynard CJ, Bush AI, Masters CL, Cappai R & Li QX (2005) Metals and amyloid-b in Alzheimer s disease Int J Exp Pathol...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... drugs on risk of Alzheimer' s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Bmj 2003, 327:128 Stewart WF, Kawas C, Corrada M, Metter EJ: Risk of Alzheimer' s disease and ... 23:134-147 Shimohama S, Tanino H, Kawakami N, Okamura N, Kodama H, Yamaguchi T, Hayakawa T, Nunomura A, Chiba S, Perry G, Smith MA, Fujimoto S: Activation of NADPH oxidase in Alzheimer' s disease brains ... 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) [28] Subsequent studies have substantiated that the NADPH oxidase is essential for A -induced ROS production Elegant in vivo data from Park and colleagues assessed ROS...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Microsystems It includes such characteristics as institutional responsiveness, social trust, and social cohesion The exosystem includes institutions, organizations, and policies that constrain and ... and literacy Social Support Networks Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills Income and social status Child Domains Associated With Father Absence (Kerry and Daly, 2002) Health problems Suggestive ... to abstain from substance use Substance use is an example of a major category of health determinants referred to as ‘personal health practices and coping strategies.’ Thus, positive father s involvement...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 11:20

... gels (A, C) and 1% agarose gels (B,D), and proteins were visualized by Coomassie stain Lanes HS and LS are molecular mass standards, with the molecular mass in kDa given on the left (E) 1% agarose ... 5¢-CACAACGCCACCAACCATCAGA CCGATGATAGCACCCTTGTTAGAACCCAC-3¢; Abstart, 5¢-GCGTAGGGTCGACATATGGACGCTGAATT CCGTCACG-3¢; Abstop, 5¢-CCTGCCGAGCTCCTATTA CACAACGCCACCAACCATCAG-3¢ The PCR solution was prepared ... progress has been made since the sequence of Ab was first determined, high-resolution structural analysis of Ab monomer and its assemblies has been hampered because of the lack of an affordable source...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... isoforms, whereas MAP 1A and MAP1B sequential proteolysis results from caspase and calpain activation This work confirms the cross-talk between caspase and calpain and identifies a novel mechanism associated ... Although calpains may enhance caspase activity, they can also function to block the activation of caspases For example, calpains can cleave caspase rendering it incapable of activating caspase and ... possible cascade of events involving three protease systems: calpain-induced cathepsin release, cathepsin-mediated caspase activation and caspase-mediated calpastatin degradation leading to enhancement...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... Neurotoxicity assay) He participated in analyses and interpretation of data He drafted the manuscript AG has been involved in analyses and interpretation of data and statistical analysis She helped to draft ... viability was calculated by dividing the absorbance of wells containing samples by the absorbance of wells containing medium alone Statistical Analysis Statistical parameters (mean, standard deviation ... brain sections of cortical tissues from an AD case Original magnification was ×4 and scale bar was 200 μm Davtyan et al Journal of Translational Medicine 2011, 9:127 http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/9/1/127...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... by A was at least partially responsible for AD-associated degeneration, others had pointed to microglial phagocytosis as a desirable consequence of activation For the purposes of discussion, ... triggered by anti -A antibodies Furthermore, the investigators also found that the CAA was accompanied by an increase in hemorrhages – similar to a previous report [19] – and a vascular accumulation ... Paris D, Humphrey J, Quadros A, Patel N, Crescentini R, Crawford F, Mullan M: Vasoactive effects of A beta in isolated human cerebrovessels and in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer' s disease: ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... image analysis, data analysis and presentation and assisted with perfusions and animal care; OY performed immunohistochemistry and image analysis; DC assisted with the design of the study and ... per age per marker as noted in legends and text Quantitative comparisons were performed on sections processed at the same time Single ANOVA statistical analysis was used to assess the significance ... data above, antisera from oligo immunized animals did not stain plaques, whereas antisera from animals immunized at 12–16 months and 16–20 months with fAβ and sera from MAPAβ1–33 animals all stained...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... periphery, sPLA2-IIA is regarded as an inflammatory protein, and is involved in inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, acute lung injury, sepsis and cancer [25,29-32] Secretory sPLA2-IIA ... Total sPLA2-IIA-positive astrocytes Plaque-associated sPLA2-IIA-positive astrocytes2 CA3 region Inferior temporal gyrus 1Astrocyte counts are given as percent of all GFAP-positive astrocytes Values ... mean postmortem interval (hours) for AD cases was 2.59 ± 0.45 and for ND cases was 2.63 ± 0.62 (mean ± SD) Stimulation of sPLA2-IIA mRNA expression in astrocytes from human post-mortem brains Astrocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... leukocyte antigen; NINCDS-ADRDA, National Institute of Neurological, Communicative Diseases and Stroke -Alzheimer' s Disease and Related Diseases Association; NK, natural killer; OPTIMA, Oxford ... tissues and between populations and degenerate Table 4: Associations of AD with HLA-B7 and HLA-Cw*0702 by APOE4 status Allele APOE4 status Proportions of alleles Controls Adjusted† odds ratios ... Komo S, Yamaoka LH, Farrer LA, Auerbach SH, Saunders AM, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA: No association between the HLA -A2 allele and Alzheimer disease Neurogenetics 1999, 2:177-182 Lehmann...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... be possible at any stage of the disease Genetic analysis is the most effective method for biological analysis and disease diagnosis using tissue, body fluids, and microbial analysis DNAbased detection ... level analysis and early stage analysis of diseases This single chip will be useful for multiple analyses of DNA hybridization, protein analysis, and other quantitative-based analysis As revealed ... barcode assay (BCA) is more than million times more sensitive compared to ELISA, and it uses amyloid b derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) as a marker BCA assay can also be used to diagnose AD with about...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... ensure all SNPs across all datasets were typed according to the same DNA strand, each dataset was normalized using HapMap phase data as the reference set We merged each study with the HapMap ... co-investigators (alphabetical order) Abbreviations AD: Alzheimer s disease; ADNI: Alzheimer s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; bp: base pair; CI: confidence interval; GWAS: genome-wide association ... 1,436,577 SNPs for 782 cases and 773 controls; the NIA dataset kept 1,738,663 SNPs for 987 cases and 802 controls.; and the TGEN dataset contained 1,237,568 SNPs in 757 cases and 468 controls A total...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... cardiovascular disease, also called ischemic heart disease, the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients narrow These diseases can cause strokes and heart disease (heart attacks) ... Psychological Disorders Alzheimer s Disease and Other Dementias Psychological Disorders Addiction Alzheimer s Disease and Other Dementias Anxiety Disorders Child Abuse and Stress Disorders Depression ... normal aging This topic is discussed later in 23 24 Alzheimer s Disease and Other Dementias Ten Warning Signs of Alzheimer s Disease The Alzheimer s Association has come up with a list of 10 warning...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... and visualized by autoradiography acids, was expressed in Escherichia coli as proteins fused to glutathione S- transferase (GST) and purified using glutathione agarose 32P-labeled ETS-1 was first ... EWS for binding to G-quadruplex DNA (A) EMSA was performed with EWS (lanes and 4) and 32P-labeled ETS-1 (lanes and 4) or ssDNA L (lanes and 2) (B) EMSA was performed with EWS (lanes 2, and 6) and ... 32P-labeled Htelo (lanes and 4), dsHtelo (lanes and 6) or ssDNA S (lanes and 2) The structures of DNAs used as probes are indicated above each lane The DNA–protein complexes were resolved by 6% PAGE...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... plasma and central nervous system (brain and CSF) [105] If so, the ratio of [Ab]brain ⁄ [Ab]plasma or [Ab]CSF ⁄ [Ab]plasma should be the same in all transgenic models A much higher plasma Ab ... and aggregated forms of tau, a microtubule-associated protein that normally serves to assemble and stabilize microtubules Genetics and risk factors implicated in Alzheimer s disease pathogenesis ... Contact Ratio brain Ab ⁄ CSF Ab CSF Ab Ratio brain Ab ⁄ plasma Ab Plasma Ab Brain Ab (pmolÆg)1) Age-of -onset (months) humans (Table 1) It has been proposed that Ab exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... Increased age at baseline was associated with lower scores at each interval in all three domains of memory, visuospatial/cognitive ability and language, while higher education was associated ... Gender, age, education, and ethnic background were included as covariates in subsequent analyses The GEE analyses yields beta values which represent associations between a factor score and variables ... Evaluation [19] Abstract reasoning was evaluated using WAIS-R Similarities subtest [66], and the non-verbal Identities and Oddities subtest of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale [37] Visuospatial ability...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... OUTWARD SIGNS OF ALZHEIMER S DISEASE Although Alzheimer s disease causes many changes in an affected person s brain, these changes cannot be seen until after a patient has died and an autopsy is ... FOCUS: ALZHEIMER S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS A gradual loss of memory, affecting a person s skills and behavior, characterizes Alzheimer s disease In Helen s case, she slowly lost her ability ... central nervous system conditions that cause progressive deficits in memory and cognition (e.g., cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson s disease, Huntington s disease, subdural hematoma, normal-pressure...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... important to accurately diagnose dementia as early as possible This chapter outlines the basic elements of a clinical diagnostic evaluation for Alzheimer s disease (AD) and other dementias; and also ... R, Heiss WD Positron emission tomography for diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease and vascular dementia J Neural Transm Suppl 1998;53:237–250 108 Alexopoulos GS Vascular disease, depression, and dementia ... Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed Washington, DC: APA, 1994 Rasmusson DX, Brandt J, Steele C, et al Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20