airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma and copd not the same

... compared to non -COPD patients an increased staining for fibronectin in the neointima, for collagen type IV and laminin in the medial layer, and for collagen type III in the adventitial layer of bronchial ... that there are vessel changes in the bronchial wall in both asthma and COPD, there are distinct differences in detail between these situations Angiogenesis seems to be a typical finding in asthma, ... that the number of vessels in the medium and small airways in asthmatic patients was increased, compared to those in COPD patients and controls Furthermore, the vascular area was significantly increased...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... Although asthma and COPD have many risk factors in common and often coexist in clinical settings, and there is some evidence that asthma may be a risk factor for the development of COPD [40], they ... road-tire interaction These particles have been shown to be potent inducers of local inflammation [41,42], and their levels are high in the Scandinavian countries due to the use of traction sand and ... rate in the more polluted city of Malmö (73% vs 80% in the remaining region) Outcome measures The following outcomes were investigated, as obtained by the postal questionnaires: • Diagnosis of asthma...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... shortness of breath in the last 12 months Woken by attack of coughing in the last 12 months Usually cough first thing in the morning in winter? Usually cough in day or night during winter? Voll-Aanerud ... words in the same magnitude as the score decrements as the respiratory symptoms investigated in the present study In a German study evaluating the HRQoL of patients in general practices, the adjusted ... * HRQoL, COPD, and asthma In the current analyses, we chose to join self-reported asthma and spirometrically defined COPD in one group Firstly, aging is an established risk factor for COPD [17,30,31]...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... interpret and are often not translated into clinical studies that compare the therapeutic outcome [19-22] There are a number of studies indicating that both the immediate therapeutic effects and immediate ... reflects the variations in the presentation of acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD in a typical emergency department setting, both in disease severity and the treatment required However, the relationship ... albuterol enantiomer remain unknown and are the subject of ongoing work The wide variation in the relationship between dose and levels has also indicated the difficulties in spot sampling methodology...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... than the values we observed in the present study [10] This may be explained by the difference in the duration of degasification, which was 10 minutes in the study by Soyer, and 20 minutes in the ... gas [5] We included stable asthmatics and COPD GOLD stage and Comparing the asthmatic and COPD patients with healthy controls, we did not find significantly different pH values in these patient ... drafted the manuscript SD helped in acquiring patient data PH, PS, CV, RB, RS and KR were involved in drafting and revising the manuscript SG carried out the logistics and appointed all included...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... collect the data and was involved in the statistical analysis All investigators participated in designing the study and in writing the paper, and all authors read and approved the final version of the ... combined polythymidine and F508del genotypes [1], and examined associations between 11 different genotype combinations, and annual FEV1 decline and risk of asthma or COPD We also examined whether ... people with asthma [1,6] Another more common variant, the 5T allele, could likewise be involved in asthma [7] or COPD This variation is in the polythymidine tract of the CFTR gene and has mainly been...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... from COPD Bronchoscopy Before bronchoscopy atropine was given subcutaneously Topical anaesthesia of the airways was obtained with lidocaine All subjects were examined in the supine position using ... with COPD patients (table 2) To examine whether the difference in airway inflammation between COPD patients and smokers with normal lung function was due to smoking habits, the group of COPD ... expressing CD25 The CD127+ population includes the CD127dim cells Within the COPD group, ● indicates exsmokers and Δ smokers Significance levels are noted as ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 COPD...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... other genes involved in the allergic inflammation (e.g IL-4Rα [21], β2AR [24]) We can therefore speculate that inconsistent findings in the genetic studies of asthma and atopy summarized in this ... are the most widely used drugs in the treatment of asthma They exert their primary effect on the β2AR of bronchial smooth muscle The gene encoding the β2AR maps to chromosome 5q33 and is the ... Yoshida S, Yandora C, Drazen JM, Penrose JF: 5′ flanking region polymorphism of the gene encoding leukotriene C4 synthase does not correlate with the aspirin-intolerant asthma phenotype in the United...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... across the Russian Plain during the Briansk Interstadial with the southern limit of the range of a number of Arctic plants being 1200 km further south than today (and a further 600 km during OIS ... discussed in the next section in relation to the expansion and contraction of the Sahara Africa The shift towards increased cooling and aridity is detected in Africa after 2.8 Myr and the subsequent ... forest intrusions during warm and wet climate;

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... part in the success In concerning to the conative function, which is the most of an advertisement since the main function of advertising is to important function in advertising Ads on the internet ... have a good insight into the language they are involved in stylistic devices and the effects of the combination of music, language 5.2.2 Implication to the Language Learning and pictures in advertisements ... was found is the application of ellipsis in parallel were also found in Vietnamese ads on the internet structures to ensure the beat and rhythm of the syntagm in the ads in As in Metalingual function,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:29

... advancing general knowledge, fulfilling federal missions, training future scientists and engineers, and ensuring the prosperity of universities and colleges and the economic settings in which they ... Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming), the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the U.S Virgin Islands participated in NSF’s EPSCoR program (Note that the U.S Virgin Islands ... on the federal R&D funds going to Johns Hopkins University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the other institutions of higher education in Maryland and Massachusetts in FY 2002 THE...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

... now and what he was like then In comparison One day in September is a better informing piece than Nanook because it uses more factors to keep the audience interested, although both pieces are informing ... pieces are informing One day in September is more developed due to time it was produced The two show a big difference in the development of documentaries but I think Nanook was a very influential ... in the development of documentaries but I think Nanook was a very influential film to start of the documentary genre ...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 21:59

... safety In the early 1990s, due to government cutbacks in Canada and restrictions in the US, the HPFB and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) instituted user fees payable by industry In return, the ... engineered insulin The CDA said they had asked Eli Lilly, and a competitor that had also discontinued animal insulin, to keep the animal insulin on the market When the drug companies said their decisions ... Endnote 52:8 convincing Eli Lilly to keep animal insulin on the market, noting that 43 % of the CDA’s members responded in a survey that they had trouble adapting to the new, genetically engineered...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... knowledge and expertise in the fields of sport science, coaching and event management However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the rest of the world is catching up, and in the case of China and ... creation, building and sharing value-chain profits, product quality and innovation, building brand equity, converting fans and customers into core business pillars, and finally, establishing a global ... proudly displaying their loyalty, and accentuate inter-tribal rivalries by purchasing memorabilia, dressing in club colours and inciting the followers of other teams and rival tribes They also compose...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:21

... English and Vietnamese books They are then analyzed to find out the similarities and differences in making apologies in English and Vietnamese in terms of providing theoretical background for the ... gain a closer relationship among interlocutors If the hearers not reply in a polite way, the speakers may not be satisfied and of course the hearer may be never invited again in the future In ... December, the thesis proposal was finished In the beginning of January of 2012, the content of the thesis was officially started In this time, questionnaire and interview were delivered to the participants...

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2014, 18:51

... used to correct the LAI estimates in the (S) scenarios Finally, the actual data and the PCA estimates of the vertical LAI profiles were compared, and the errors pertaining to individual architectural ... to the beam paths in the crown array [20] For each point investigated in the canopy space and for each intercepted crown, the beam path length and the LAD along the path in each crown were computed ... simulating the PCA readings of canopy transmittance within the modelled Errors induced by tree spatial distribution and leaf clumping in crowns and shoots are quantified; in addition, the correction...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... origins of the animals (a cross in the first experiment and a pure line in the second one) But in both cases, the level of contamination was much higher in the Resistance to Salmonella infection in chicks ... Challenge and necropsy In the two experiments, 373 (Expt 1) or 312 (Expt 2) thirteen-week-old chickens were intravenously inoculated into a wing vein with 0.4 mL of the inoculum containing 106 ... counts and organ weight values Salmonella could be found in the three organs of all animals except in the genital organs of 57 and 84 chicks in the first and second experiment respectively and in the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... [a treatment not in the patient’s best interest] and therefore no need to make a distinction between not starting the treatment and withdrawing it’ Neither guideline states that there is no difference ... distinguishing between withholding and withdrawing therapy in daily practice? The principle of patient autonomy determines that the patient or their proxy should be in possession of relevant information ... uncertainty and prepare the family for the difficult and final parting from a loved one Having established that there is a difference between withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining measures at the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... despite the changes in predicted secondary structure, the packaging efficiency of HIV-1 genomic RNA was not altered, suggesting that the SLs are the dominating cis-acting element in the packaging ... virion on the cell surface The cells were suspended in PBS containing 1% formaldehyde and incubated for 10 at room temperature to cross-link proteins and RNAs in the cell The cross-liking reaction ... viral RNA in the cell Nonetheless, these data indicate that the two compensatory mutations in gag not rescue infectivity in the SL1 deletion mutant by altering RNA dimerization or splicing Compensatory...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... honor the fallen and reassure the living; however, he did not convince the Taliban to give in to his commands The America was, in the end, successful in driving the Taliban out of power and destroying ... understanding of nominalization in English and Vietnamese and helpful to the reading or to the translating of political discourse to some extent PART A: INTRODUCTION Justification of the study Our thesis ... (41%) They include both finite and non-finite clauses In contrast, in the Vietnamese one there is only one case What‟s more, nominalizations in English are used more often than in Vietnamese (77 and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:52