air pollution and pregnancy

... consider the following factors: Energy uses Disposal of chemicals and wastes Toxicity of chemicals and wastes Pollution of water, air and soil Energy Needs – Use of Fuels Our energy needs are presently ... time period Air Pollution Control Air pollution control is an important component in the clean-up of our environment Federal legislation regulates automobile emission pollutants and sulfur oxide ... Summary of Air Pollution Control Chem 362 I Cleanup of Automobile Exhaust Emissions Exhaust passes through the converter and mixes with oxygen which oxidizes CO and hydrocarbons to CO2 and H2O H2,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland ... 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland, ... 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... Air Pollution and GHG Emissions Indicators for Road Transport and Electricity Sectors Guidelines for Development, Measurement, and Use Clean Air Asia 2012 Air Pollution and GHG Emissions ... Table 1: List of Air Pollution and GHG Emissions Indicators and Input Parameters for Road Transport 14 Table 2: List of Air Pollution and GHG Emissions Indicators and Input Parameters ... indicators for CO2, SO2 and PM emissions are relevant for electricity 13 Air Pollution and GHG Emissions Indicators for Road Transport and Electricity Sectors The air pollution and GHG emissions indicators...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... temperature on skin and upper airway symptoms was investigated and showed that skin dryness and rashes, pharyngeal dryness, and nasal dryness and congestion are alleviated by higher humidity, and steam ... At the time, airtight houses started to be built in urban area, and air pollution due to a lack of fresh air because of the low ventilation rate had been recognized.6, 7) Higher airtight window ... fuels for heating and cooking.52) Biological Pollutants Dander, mold, dust, and other organisms carried into by animals and people are biological air pollutants in buildings Air pollutants are...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... status and air pollution on respiratory health Table Distribution of long-term air pollution exposures among women living in the Ruhr area and an adjacent rural area in Germany at baseline and at ... Bolognini G, Bongard JP, Brandli O, Domenighetti G, Elsasser S, et al: Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults ... Particulate air pollution and acute cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and mortality among the elderly Epidemiology 2009, 20(1):143-153 Zanobetti A, Bind MA, Schwartz J: Particulate air pollution and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... disorders and for meteorological factors and air pollutant levels, and a matrix of Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) was generated to better define the associations between air pollutants and ... different age groups and sex (Figure and 4) Overall, the most marked associations between ER visits and PM10 air pollution levels occurred among the age groups 16-44 years and ≥85 years during ... design of the study and in the acquisition of air pollution/ health data MV carried out the modeling of traffic, congestion, and emissions GCA contributed in the acquisition of air pollution/ health...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... particulate air pollution Air quality monitoring of ambient air within Kathmandu valley in the past have shown this with majority of the days of a year exceeding the Nepal ambient air quality standard ... Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 667-72 Simon H, Blakely T, Woodward A Air pollution and mortality in New Zealand: cohort study Epidemiol ... particulate air pollution within Kathmandu valley, Nepal Environ Model Assess 2007; 12(3): 239-51 CEN, ENPHO Health impacts of Kathmandu’s air pollution Clean energy Nepal, Environment and Public...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... calcium 9.2±0.3 mg/dl and creatinine 0.80±0.1 mg/dl Distribution of the risk factors for osteoporosis is presented in Tables and 85 Cevei, M., Stoicănescu, D - Air Pollution And Genetic Influences ... suggest that air pollution may promote the development of osteoporosis In another study, blood levels of vitamin D were measured in two areas of India, one with high levels of air pollution and the ... μg/mc until 2009 and now is 20 μg/mc Monthly evolutions of mean concentration of NO2 and PM 10 in 2009 are presented in Figures and Evolutions of mean annual concentrations of NO2 and PM 10 between...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... climate change, air pollution and chronic disease Source (ref 2) DEA calls for  Recognition and education of the public and health professionals concerning the contribution to air pollution from ... long-term exposure to urban air pollution 2003 Source (ref 5) Major air pollutants, their sources, related health effects and current Australian Ambient Air Quality standards Source (ref 2) Schematic ... below current air quality guidelines, and for many pollutants, it is unclear whether a safe threshold exists Susceptibility to the effects of air pollution differs The young and old and those with...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... emission reduction measures, and the extent to which present day and future transboundary and intercontinental airflows will compromise local and regional efforts to control air pollution A more important ... information about indoor air pollution and its consequences can be found in several recent reviews (WHO, 2002; CARB, 2005) 2.2 Effects of Air Pollution on Population Health Air pollution is pervasive ... cleaner air, questions arise concerning tradeoffs between expenditures on air quality management and other measures to achieve public health benefits In air pollution hot spots and areas where standards...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... studies and even in independent reanalyses of data from the same city (Lipfert and Wyzga, 1993; Li and Roth, 1995) The biological plausibility of the associations between particulate air pollution and ... strategies based on Bayesian and classical geostatistical models as suggested by Handcock and Stein (1993), Cressie (1994), Kaiser and Cressie (1993) and Cressie et al (1999) and Bayesian models for ... model used to estimate the air pollution mortality relative rate separately for each location, accounting for age-speci®c longer-term trends, weather and Air Pollution and Mortality 267 Table Summary...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... corn and cellulosic ethanol will cause the largest loss in bird habitat, such as wetlands, wet meadows, grassland, and scrub88 With regard to air pollution, the low air pollution emissions and ... dioxide and air pollution mortality, Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L03809, doi:10.1029/2007GL031101 74 Spadaro, J.V., and A Rabl (2001) Damage costs due to automotive air pollution and the ... to climate, air pollution, or energy-security problems Indoor plus outdoor air pollution is the sixth-leading cause of death, causing over 2.4 million premature deaths worldwide1 Air pollution...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... 2005-2007 data on air pollution, mortality and illnesses Air Pollution and the Health of New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles and Ozone I of deaths, hospital admissions and emergency department ... data on air pollution, mortality and illnesses I Air Pollution and the Health of New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles and Ozone Introduction and Background Air pollution is one of the most serious ... of Air Pollution and Population Health Illnesses caused by air pollution, such as asthma attacks, heart attacks and stroke, have multiple causes; as a result, most health events triggered by air...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... exposure to air pollution in Oslo 91 Public health effects and social costs of air pollution in Oslo 93 Conclusion 99 Social Costs of Air Pollution Social and Economics ... of air pollution and materials degradation Air pollution levels and the volume of materials involved are described in section 3.3 and 3.4 respectively, while in section 3.5 corrosion rates and ... Henriksen, Haagenrud and Skancke, deals with corrosion costs of building materials and cars due to air pollution Based on Norwegian data on air pollution, material stocks and maintenance prices,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... traffic-related air pollution Since other studies [e g [22]] observed effects in areas with low exposure and limited contrast, and several studies have shown largely linear associations between air pollution ... Brunekreef B, Holgate ST: Air pollution and health Lancet 2002, 360:1233-1242 Pope CA, Dockery DW: Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2006, ... exposures and small contrasts has advantages and disadvantages One important aspect of such studies is that knowledge of possible health effects of air pollution at concentrations below current standards...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... information in air pollution health research: past successes and emerging needs J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2009, 19:45-58 Zanobetti A, Schwartz J: The effect of fine and coarse particulate air pollution ... Dockery DW: Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States N Engl J Med 2009, 360:376-386 Woodruff TJ, Darrow LA, Parker JD: Air pollution and postneonatal infant mortality ... Hygiene and Public Health; 2000 35 Ozkaynak H, Glenn B, Qualters JR, Strosnider H, McGeehin MA, Zenick H: Summary and findings of the EPA and CDC symposium on air pollution exposure and health...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... Danish AirGIS dispersion modeling system (see http://www.dmu.dk/en/ air/ models/airgis/) AirGIS is based on a geographical information system (GIS) and provides estimates of traffic-related air pollution ... traffic-related air pollution and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:772–777 Rosenlund M, Bellander T, Nordquist T, Alfredsson L: Traffic-generated air pollution and ... results also showed a significant effect of air pollution after adjustment for noise when estimating both air pollution and noise at the baseline address and restricting to cohort participants who...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... retrospective cohort design [7, 39] and the other one, cases and controls [40] Most studies use air pollution data from public registers and surveillance and control systems In two of them exposure ... mortality and particulate air pollution in the United States Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105: 608–612 Pereira L, Loomis DP, Conceiao GMS, et al Association between air pollution and intrauterine ... mortality to air pollution in Seoul, South Korea Pediatrics 2003; 111: 284–290 Stieb, DM, Judek S, Burnett RT Meta-analysis of time-series studies of air pollution and mortality: effects of gases and particles...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... maquiladora labor force, and also its worst air pollution We marshal two types of evidence to examine the link between maquiladoras and air pollution in Ciudad Juárez, and in its sister city, ... diameter (PM10), and El Paso exceeds national ambient air quality standards for ozone, PM10, and carbon monoxide An overwhelming body of evidence links such air pollution to respiratory and cardiovascular ... and to premature mortality (U.S EPA 1999) In addition, air pollution damages visibility, materials, and agriculture Surveys show that Paso del Norte’s residents are more concerned about air pollution...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... (2007), Air Pollution: History of Actions and Effectiveness of Change’, in Pretty, J et al (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Environment and Society, Sage, London [A useful survey of air pollution ... Measuring and Monitoring Air Pollution in British Cities’, Environment and History, 15:3, pp.273-302 [This article examines the origins and development of the first nationwide air pollution monitoring ... HISTORY - Environmental History Of Air Pollution And Protection - Stephen Mosley Papaioannou, D and Sapounaki-Drakaki, L (2001), ‘Policies for Cleaner Air: The Air Pollution Nuisance in Athens’,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20