advances in immunology relevant to vaccine development

... T-cell and pro-inflammatory cytokines tended to be correlated with EOTAXIN in women with carcinogenic HPV, while Recent Advances in Immunology to Target Cancer, Inflammation and Infections they were ... the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and LAG-3 in CD8+ T cells during a chronic LCMV Cl 13 infection Moreover, this conditional knockout resulted in increased cytotoxicity of 32 Recent Advances in Immunology ... Cytokines implicated in T cell exhaustion Another potential inducer of CD8+ T cell exhaustion is the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 IL-10 has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of inflammatory...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... ubiquitous feature for any computer produced in the last couple of decades In addition to resulting in some changes to existing interfaces, the input interface also introduces a number of new touches ... An introduction to events The responder chain 6.2 87 88 ■ 88 Touches and events 89 A touching example: the event reporter 91 Setting things up in Interface Builder 92 Preparing a view for touches ... Summary 52 Using Interface Builder 4.1 53 An introduction to Interface Builder 54 The anatomy of Interface Builder Builder 56 4.2 54 ■ Simulating in Interface A first project in Interface Builder:...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 20:20

... national poverty line declined from 15 percent in 1991 to 12 percent in 1997, and in Tunisia it dropped from percent in 1990 to percent in 2000.8 As in other parts of the world, poverty in MENA is generally ... Egyptian Ministry of Planning, Egypt’s poverty rates declined during the 1990s—from 24 percent living below the national poverty line in 1990 to 17 percent in 2000 But the number of people living in ... decisionmakers in the region and in the international community in hopes of influencing policies and improving the lives of people living in the MENA region MENA program activities include: producing and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... while interacting with its target, thereby leading to high binding affinity and sensitive detection GNPs in biosensors can also provide a biocompatible microenvironment for biomolecules, greatly increasing ... modified with enzyme into redox polymer hydrogels First, an enzyme was incubated in a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) solution, then cross-linked within a poly[(vinylpyridine)Os(bipyridyl)(2)Cl2+/3+] ... finally formed into composite films The redox polymer films incorporated with glucose oxidase modified SWNTs resulted in a to 10-fold increase in the oxidation and reduction peak currents during...

Ngày tải lên: 28/05/2014, 15:12

... receptor tyrosine kinase All ERBB proteins have four functional domains: an extracellular ligand-binding domain; a transmembrane domain; an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain; and a C-terminal ... tyrosine-X-X-methionine (where X is any amino acid) is a motif for the p85 binding site Several signal transducers then bind to these adaptors to initiate multiple signalling pathways, including mitogen-activated ... resulting in the overexpression of EGFR lacking amino acids 30–297, corresponding to domains I and II In this case, the EGFR tyrosine kinase is activated constitutively without ligand binding, as in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, compete with ATP for binding to the tyrosine kinase pocket of the receptor, thereby inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinase activity and EGFR signaling pathways (Fig ... mutations in other tyrosine kinases known to result in resistance to imatinib (T315I in ABL, T764I in PDGFRA and T670I in KIT) [27–29] The conserved threonine residues in these different kinases ... undergoing apoptosis Moreover, EGFR mutations result in repositioning of critical residues surrounding the ATP-binding cleft of the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor and thereby stabilize the interaction...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... to understand the precise mechanism by which gefitinib induces apoptosis in a Bax-dependent manner Inhibitor of apoptosis protein family Induction of MOMP following apoptotic stimuli results in ... in promoting the G1 -to- S phase transition of the cell-cycle by phosphorylating the retinoblastoma (RB) protein Activation of cyclin–CDK complexes is counterbalanced by CDK inhibitors, including ... gefitinib-induced apoptosis Furthermore, caspase-8 and caspase-3 inhibitors, but not a caspase-9 inhibitor, are capable of restoring cell viability Thus, Fas appears to play a major role in the initiation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... Climate Change Indicator Ozone Depletion Indicator Acidification Indicator Eutrophication Indicator Toxics Dispersion Indicator Solid Waste Disposal Indicator Composite Pollution Indicator Resource ... use as an indicator of sustainable development IX APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS This report spells out an approach to structure environmental pressure indicators into four highly ... obligation to make explicit both the metric and the underlying model inherent in them As used in this report, indicators have two defining characteristics:1 • indicators quantify information...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... patents, to name a few By examining the output indicators, one can explore how well your economy converts innovation inputs into performance Because the index is not dealing with simple linear relationships, ... data are accessible in a user-friendly format via the Internet This tool allows users to combine individual counties to define custom regions Users can also use this tool to quickly compare their ... designing a process of collaboration, defining the practical boundaries of the region, establishing a governance process, finding funding, creating shared regional initiatives, making collective investment...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... sentence interpretation early in development In brief, young learners are sensitive to many types of devices for encoding meaning Starting Point: The Inaccessibility of Passive Constructions Beginning ... Linguistic Typology 21 Table 2-1: Declensions of English Nominals Case Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Ablative a king king’s, of a king to a king a king ´ o king! ... by a king kings of kings to kings kings ´ o kings! by kings From da Silva (1809, p 40) Crosslinguistic studies of child language seek to compare the acquisition of comparable and contrasting languages...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 06:49

... give insight into the motor control pathology in cerebral palsy, as it has in other motor control studies, including concussion [1], grip force in Parkinson's disease [2], stereotypical rocking in ... the mother were touching the infant, the infant was not engaged in rhythmic behavior (e.g flapping arms), and the infant had to be sitting and could not be in the process of falling Data analysis ... comparing the values, with similarity of the vectors being defined as one vector having values within a specified range of those in the comparison vector However, comparison of the vectors can...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... ξ decreased by a factor of 1.9 (see Fig 13b), i.e from 2.25 to 1.2 According to (8,22) and (36) this increases maximum power by a factor of 1.6 in both cases Bearing in mind that FIs with QR ... given in Table By rotating the MOE around z axis, i.e by varying angle θ, one can minimize the first term in (20) By differentiating (20) over r* and equating the derivative to zero, we obtain for ... the design in Fig is used From (22, 31), with (8) taken into account, for the [111] orientation we obtain γ/γqmin=A1(m)/A5(m); and this ratio increases with increasing m, see Table In experiment...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... etc.) Pinholes were inserted in front of the detectors (APDs) in order to prevent the light directly reflected from the in- line optics from entering the detectors Its aperture was determined in combination ... stacks used in both cases Some increase in the resonator length due to insertion of Q-switch, in its turn, deteriorates compensation of the thermally induced lens in Yb:YAG crystal in the vertical ... placed next to the both sides of the focusing lens and used in multi-pass pumping scheme for retracing residual pumping beam back to the Yb:YAG crystal In the laser resonator, gain module can...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... in order to eliminate the effects of multiple scattering The use of in- line optics is effective in meeting this requirement The system must also have scanning capability to search the cloud -to- cloud ... propagating though impulse discharge in air”, IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electric Engineering, in press T Shiina, E Minami, M Ito, and Y Okamura, "Optical Circulator for In- line Type ... scanning mirror was installed into the lidar system The scanning area of the observation was limited to 26 degrees in elevation and 30 degrees in azimuth because of the constraint of the installation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... 228 Advances in Solid-State Lasers: Development and Applications The amplification stage setup is shown in detail in Fig 11 The seed emerging from the pulse picker is injected into a grazing-incidence ... function of the grazing incidence internal angle θ corresponding to a full pump power and maximum seeding injection clipping the beam, hence maximising the small-signal gain in the first unsaturated ... However, single-pass amplification in a couple of grazing-incidence Nd:YVO4 slabs readily yields 60 dB overall small-signal gain, leading to severe pulse broadening if too short seed pulses are injected...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... can be obtain by using two lines LC SLM and switching from one line to the other For AOPDF, the acoustic wave is moving at 720m/s in the crystal Therefore, the acoustic pulse is moving in the crystal ... of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technical Science, EMC, University of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072 3State Key Laboratory of High ... (2005)] In terms of the linear filter formalism, we wish to relate the linear filtering function H(ω) to the actual physical masking function with complex transmittance m(x) To so, we must determine...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... gratings have to be operated in grazing incidence The compensation in this case is harder, due to the intrinsic difficulties arising from grazing-incidence mountings, which are very sensitive to ... tube In fact, in the linear gradient shape case, a moderately increasing the length of the tube (corresponding to decreasing the slope of the linear line) or decreasing the peak power of the input ... (Agrawal, 2007) in which the propagation is broken into consecutive steps of linear and nonlinear parts The 393 Femtosecond Filamentation in Temperature Controlled Noble Gas linear part including loss...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... potential, thus allowing the atoms to survive higher laser intensity before ionizing For example, instead of rare-gas atoms, rare-gas like ions in 466 Advances in Solid-State Lasers: Development and ... 35 becomes an ordinary finite-difference expression The operator H0 corresponds to the atomic Hamiltonian and is diagonal in l, while HI corresponds to the interaction Hamiltonian and couples ... peak intensity IF of the fundamental pulse Surprisingly, the yield is not monotonically increasing in IF: ionization is decreased with an increasing laser intensity at IF > × 1014W/cm2 in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... encompassing the SXR range of the electromagnetic spectrum Further arrays of magnets within the storage ring cause the electrons to wiggle in a similar manner to the undulator in a FEL, resulting in ... Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, UK Here electrons are accelerated up to relativistic speeds in a linear accelerator, booster synchrotron and storage ring There are a series of bending magnets ... able to interact with the radiation to form micro bunches leading to a significant increase in the SXR intensity Using this source, researchers have produced some impressive images via 490 Advances...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... tight-focusing condition, and generation of an intense attosecond x-ray pulse will be discussed in the following sections Relativistic Nonlinear Thomson Scattering: Toward Intense Attosecond Pulse ... leads to the following formulas for the laser 524 Advances in Solid-State Lasers: Development and Applications fields having linear polarization in the x-direction (zeroth-order) and propagating in ... radiation appears in a single laser cycle as shown in Fig (a) Such a double peak structure in the time domain makes the large-interval modulation in the energy spectrum In Relativistic Nonlinear Thomson...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20