advanced sql value expressions

... that SQL was created for the relational database The relation model was the considered when creating a SQL SQL therefore is like a co-worker Assisting the RDBMS achieve the user's requirement SQL ... system has a consistent method for representing null values For example, null values for numeric data must be distinct from zero or any other numeric value and for character data it must be different ... file:///D|/JigneshDhol/Oracle/0202.%20Introduction%20to%2 0SQL. htm (1 of 4) [6/26/02 12:12:14 PM] 0202 Introduction to SQL base products, there was a dire need to standardize this language The first SQL standards were later adopted...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 23:20

... best SQL experts to address the important issues of writing efficient and cohesive SQL statements The topics include using advanced SQL constructs and how to write programs that utilize complex SQL ... values SQL and Codd's first relational model have a thing called a NULL and it makes things interesting The Null of It All A NULL is not a value; it is a marker for a value that is missing SQL ... 85 Chapter 15 - Preventing SQL Worms 87 Preventing SQL Worms by John Paul Cook 87 Finding SQL Servers Including MSDE 87 Identifying Versions 90 SQL Security Tools ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 09:30

... best SQL experts to address the important issues of writing efficient and cohesive SQL statements The topics include using advanced SQL constructs and how to write programs that utilize complex SQL ... values SQL and Codd's first relational model have a thing called a NULL and it makes things interesting The Null of It All A NULL is not a value; it is a marker for a value that is missing SQL ... (dba_indexes, v $sql) This includes all v$ and x$ views (x$kcbcbh, v$parameter) and dictionary views (dba_tables, user_indexes) SQL – All SQL is formatted for easy use in the code depot, and all SQL is...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 09:30

... select values of datatype CHAR, the returned values have datatype CHAR • If either or both of the queries select values of datatype VARCHAR2, the returned values have datatype VARCHAR2 Oracle9i: Advanced ... name values, query the V$TIMEZONE_NAMES dynamic performance view DESC V$TIMEZONE_NAMES Oracle9i: Advanced SQL 2-6 TZ_OFFSET (continued) SELECT * FROM V$TIMEZONE_NAMES; … Oracle9i: Advanced SQL ... Oracle9i: Advanced SQL 1-4 Tables Used in This Lesson (continued) DESC employees SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, hire_date, department_id FROM employees; … Oracle9i: Advanced SQL 1-5 Tables...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 10:24

... START WITH INCREMENT BY [MAXVALUE ] [MINVALUE ] [[NO] CYCLE]; To get a value from it, this expression is used wherever it is a legal data type NEXT VALUE FOR

Ngày tải lên: 31/05/2014, 01:20

... Review SELECT lineno, value, ROUND (value) , TRUNC (value) , CEIL (value) , FLOOR (value) FROM function_illustrator You will get: LINENO VALUE ROUND (VALUE) TRUNC (VALUE) CEIL (VALUE) FLOOR (VALUE) ... convert a decimal value to the next highest absolute value if the value is 0.5 or greater Note the way the value is handled if the value of VALUE is negative “Next highest absolute value for negative ... each value of VALUE: SELECT lineno, value, ABS (value) , SIGN (value) , MOD(lineno,3) FROM function_illustrator ORDER BY lineno Common Oracle Functions: A Function Review We would get: LINENO VALUE...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 01:08

... best SQL experts to address the important issues of writing efficient and cohesive SQL statements The topics include using advanced SQL constructs and how to write programs that utilize complex SQL ... values SQL and Codd's first relational model have a thing called a NULL and it makes things interesting The Null of It All A NULL is not a value; it is a marker for a value that is missing SQL ... (dba_indexes, v $sql) This includes all v$ and x$ views (x$kcbcbh, v$parameter) and dictionary views (dba_tables, user_indexes) SQL – All SQL is formatted for easy use in the code depot, and all SQL is...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 06:20

... absolute value if the value is 0.5 or greater Note the way the value is handled if the value of VALUE is negative “Next highest absolute value for negative numbers rounds to the negative value ... Split value, ROUND (value) , TRUNC (value) , CEIL (value) , Simpo PDF Merge and lineno,Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com FLOOR (value) FROM function_illustrator You will get: LINENO VALUE ... Simpo PDF Merge and Splitlineno, value, ABS (value) , SQRT(ABS (value) ) FROM function_illustrator ORDER BY lineno This would give us: LINENO VALUE ABS (VALUE) SQRT(ABS (VALUE) ) ...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 06:20

... 1.2.3 Sequential Numbering in Pure SQL 1.2.4 GUIDs 1.2.5 Sequence Generator Functions 1.2.6 Unique Value Generators 1.2.7 Preallocated Values 1.2.8 Random Order Values A Remark on Duplicate Rows ... Numbers Scales and Measurements Missing Values Regular Expressions Graph Theory Introductory SQL Books Optimizing Queries Temporal Data and the Year 2000 Problem SQL Programming Techniques Classics ... Forum Updatable Views Theory, Normalization, and Advanced Database Topics Books on SQL- 92 and SQL- 99 Standards and Related Groups Web Sites Related to SQL Statistics Temporal Databases New Citations...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 12:20

... provide real-world insights into SQL programming His best-selling books include Joe Celko’s SQL for Smarties: Advanced SQL Programming, second edition; Joe Celko’s SQL Puzzles and Answers; and Joe ... 152–55 See also Tables Valued predicates, 241–45 INDEX IS [NOT] TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN, 242–44 IS NULL, 241–42 Value- equivalent duplicates, 132–33 Value generators, 42–44 Values approximate, 198 ... noted consultant and lecturer, and one of the mostread SQL authors in the world He is well known for his 10 years of service on the ANSI SQL standards committee, his column in Intelligent Enterprise...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... 1.2.3 Sequential Numbering in Pure SQL 1.2.4 GUIDs 1.2.5 Sequence Generator Functions 1.2.6 Unique Value Generators 1.2.7 Preallocated Values 1.2.8 Random Order Values A Remark on Duplicate Rows ... Microsoft Research • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Joe Celko’s SQL for Smarties: Advanced SQL Programming, Third Edition, Joe Celko Moving Objects Databases, Ralf Güting and ... Web: Discovering Knowledge from Hypertext Data, Soumen Chakrabarti Advanced SQL: 1999—Understanding Object-Relational and Other Advanced Features, Jim Melton Database Tuning: Principles, Experiments,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... Audit Log 4.4.13 Bitemporal Tables 4.4.14 Temporal Support in Standard SQL Character Data Types in SQL 5.1 5.2 Problems with SQL Strings 5.1.1 Problems of String Equality 5.1.2 Problems of String ... NTS xii 5.3 5.4 NULLs: Missing Data in SQL 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 Empty and Missing Tables Missing Values in Columns Context and Missing Values Comparing NULLs NULLs and Logic ... 3.6.4 Temporal Data Types in SQL 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Number Theory Operators Exponential Functions Scaling Functions Converting Numbers to Words Notes on Calendar Standards SQL Temporal Data Types 4.2.1...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... Numbers Scales and Measurements Missing Values Regular Expressions Graph Theory Introductory SQL Books Optimizing Queries Temporal Data and the Year 2000 Problem SQL Programming Techniques Classics ... Forum Updatable Views Theory, Normalization, and Advanced Database Topics Books on SQL- 92 and SQL- 99 Standards and Related Groups Web Sites Related to SQL Statistics Temporal Databases New Citations ... Use Simple Expressions 33.2.2 String Expressions Give Extra Join Information in Queries Index Tables Carefully Watch the IN Predicate Avoid UNIONs Prefer Joins over Nested Queries Avoid Expressions...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... Whenever the SQL engine does not have an explicit value to put into this column during an insertion, it will look for a DEFAULT clause and insert that value The ... special marker in SQL that belongs to all data types SQL is the only language that has such a creature; if you can understand how it works, you will have a good grasp of SQL It is not a value; it is ... file system and working with SQL are in the way SQL fits into a host program If you are using a file system, your programs must open and close files individually In SQL, the whole schema is connected...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... of the referential actions is set in motion by the SQL engine The CASCADE option will change the values in the referencing table to the new value in the referenced table This is a very common ... the values in the referencing table to a NULL Obviously, the referencing column needs to be NULL-able The SET DEFAULT option will change the values in the referencing table to the default value ... Standard SQL has more options about how matching is done between the referenced and referencing tables Most SQL products have not implemented them, so I will not mention them anymore Standard SQL...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... LANGUAGE SQL IF new_job_typ 99 THEN INSERT INTO Job_not99_Assignments VALUES (store_nbr, new_ssn, new_start_date, new_end_date, new_job_type); ELSE INSERT INTO Job_99_Assignments VALUES (store_nbr, ... ROLLBACK; ELSE COMMIT; END IF; But being a fanatic, I want a pure SQL solution that is declarative within the limits of most current SQL products Let’s create two tables This first table is a Personnel ... a single attribute, but put its values in more than one place in the schema The most common form of attribute splitting is to create separate tables for each value Another form of attribute splitting...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... INSERT INSERT and INTO Counters VALUES (0, 0000000, 0999999); INTO Counters VALUES (1, 1000000, 1999999); INTO Counters VALUES (2, 2000000, 2999999); INTO Counters VALUES (9, 9000000, 9999999); ... Use a few statements such as: INSERT INTO Foobar (a, b, c) VALUES INSERT INTO Foobar (a, b, c) VALUES INSERT INTO Foobar (a, b, c) VALUES ('a1', 'b1', 'c1'); ('a2', 'b2', 'c2'); ('a3', 'b3', ... Sequential Numbering in Pure SQL The proper way to this operation is to insert one row at a time with this Standard SQL statement: INSERT INTO Foobar (keycol, ) VALUES (COALESCE((SELECT MAX(keycol)...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... inside SQL that looks at the last allocated value and adds one to get the next value Let’s start from scratch and build our own version of such a procedure First create a table called GeneratorValues ... UPDATE(keyval) ON TABLE GeneratorValues TO PUBLIC; Now the table needs a function to get out a value and the increment CREATE FUNCTION Generator() RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL DETERMINISTIC BEGIN ... two sessions ever get the same value, we must also guarantee that no value is ever wasted Therefore, the lock on the Generator table must be held until the key value is actually used and the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... 1.4 Other Schema Objects 53 is not part of Standard SQL, but has been proposed in the SQL3 working document You can think of a TRIGGER as a generalization of the referential ... code written in SQL/ PSM or another ANSI X3J programming language The two major differences in a TRIGGER and a PROCEDURE are that a procedure can accept parameters and return values, and that ... check the code very carefully, and keep it simple so you will not hurt performance The SQL/ PSM (see Understanding SQL s Stored Procedures by Jim Melton) for procedural code is an ISO Standard Still,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... weight and color of the part; and so forth A multivalued dependency (MVD) means that if I know the value of one attribute, I can always determine the values of a set of another attribute The notation ... change, so new SQL programmers often try to force their old model of the world into Standard SQL in several ways 2.2 First Normal Form (1NF) 67 Repeating Columns One way to “fake it” in SQL is to ... into SQL parameters, like this: INSERT INTO Parmlist VALUES (:a[1]), (:a[2]), (:a[3]), , (:a[n]); Or, if you want to remove NULLs and duplicates: INSERT INTO Parmlist SELECT DISTINCT x FROM VALUES...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20