advanced linux programming mark mitchell jeffrey oldham and alex samuel

... respon- sibility is to parse command-line options, detect and report command-line errors, and configure and run the server. Listing 11.5 (main.c) Main Server Program and Command-Line Parsing #include ... server program and the server module shared libraries. % ls -l server *.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 samuel samuel 25769 Mar 11 01:15 diskfree.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 samuel samuel 31184 Mar 11 01:15 issue.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 samuel ... descriptor to file descriptors STDOUT_FILENO and STDERR_FILENO , which correspond to standard output and standard error (see Section 2.1.4, “Standard I/O,” in Chapter 2).The file descrip- tors...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

... commands. */ while (!error) { printf (“Please enter a command: “); command_letter = getchar (); assert (command_letter != EOF); switch (command_letter) { case ‘a’: fgets (command, sizeof (command), ... operand2; if (empty_stack (*stack)) return 0; operand2 = pop_stack (stack); if (empty_stack (*stack)) return 0; operand1 = pop_stack (stack); push_stack (stack, (*function) (operand1, operand2)); destroy_number ... a binary operator is placed after its operands instead of between them. So, for example, to multiply 6 and 8, you would use 6 8 ì.To multiply 6 and 8 and then add 5 to the result, you would use...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... file descriptor, Linux automatically expands the file to make room for the new data. If you position a file descriptor beyond the end of a file and then write to it, Linux first expands the file ... information. n st_uid and st_gid contain the IDs of the user and group, respectively, to which the file belongs. User and group IDs are described in Section 10.1,“Users and Groups.” n st_size ... functions as fputc, fputs, and fwrite to write data to the stream, or fscanf, fgetc, fgets, and fread to read data. With the Linux low-level I/O operations, you use a handle called a file descriptor instead...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... (not a number) instead of raising SIGFPE. SIGKILL This signal ends a process immediately and cannot be handled. SIGUSR1 This signal is reserved for application use. SIGUSR2 This signal is reserved ... 8, Linux System Calls,” for information about setitimer, a generalized version of alarm. SIGTERM This signal requests that a process terminate.This is the default signal sent by the kill command. SIGCHLD ... kill command. SIGCHLD Linux sends a process this signal when a child process exits. See Section 3.4.4,“Cleaning Up Children Asynchronously,” in Chapter 3,“Processes.” SIGXCPU Linux sends a process...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... C++, Objective C, Java, Chill, and Fortran. n http://www.gnome.org and http://www.kde.org are the homes of the two most popular GNU /Linux windowing environments, Gnome and KDE. If you plan to write ... GNU /Linux software, from core system components to more obscure, specialized applications. m http://www.linuxsecurity.com contains information, techniques, and links to software related to GNU /Linux ... about how Linux works, the source code is the best place to look. See also the Documentation directory for explanation of the kernel internals. n http://www.linuxhq.com also distributes Linux kernel...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... material is permitted. Any publication in standard (paper) book form shall require the citation of the original publisher and author.The publisher and author’s names shall appear on all outer ... that the terms of this license are adhered to and that this license or an incorporation of it by reference (with any options elected by the author(s) and/ or publisher) is displayed in the reproduction. Proper ... Publication License Version 1.0 E I. Requirements on Both Unmodified and Modified Versions The Open Publication works may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium, physical or...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. 20 0430 APPF 5/22/01 11:02 AM Page 309 311 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License ... an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user ... of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... information and should be the first place you turn for help.The man page for a command describes command-line options and arguments, input and output, error codes, configuration, and the like.The ... for most standard commands, system calls, and standard library functions.The man pages are divided into numbered sections; for pro- grammers, the most important are these: (1) User commands (2) ... C or C++ Linux program. In particular, this chapter shows you how to create and modify C and C++ source code, compile that code, and debug the result. If you’re already accustomed to programming...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... from the more advanced features and stick with the basic option structure described. 2.1.4 Standard I/O The standard C library provides standard input and output streams (stdin and stdout, respectively).These ... cout and cin streams in C++) that provide console input and output.These features are provided by the C and C++ languages, and they interact with the GNU /Linux system in certain ways. GNU/ Linux ... printf, and other library functions. In the UNIX tradition, use of standard input and output is customary for GNU /Linux pro- grams.This allows the chaining of multiple programs using shell pipes and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... a command from within a program, much as if the command had been typed into a shell. In fact, system creates a subprocess running the standard Bourne shell (/bin/sh) and hands the command to ... processed and thus while a signal handler function executes. Therefore, you should avoid performing any I/O operations or calling most library and system functions from signal handlers. A signal handler ... special signal-handler function to respond to the signal. If a signal handler is used, the currently executing program is paused, the signal handler is executed, and, when the signal handler returns,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... the loop and stores the pointer to the job object in next_job. At this point, Linux happens to interrupt the first thread and schedules the second.The second thread also checks job_queue and finding ... Page 63 83 4.4 Synchronization and Critical Sections As suggested by the “np” suffix, the recursive and error-checking mutex kinds are spe- cific to GNU /Linux and are not portable.Therefore, ... mutex 1 and then mutex 2, and thread B happens to lock mutex 2 before mutex 1. In a sufficiently unfortunate scheduling scenario, Linux may schedule thread A long enough to lock mutex 1, and then...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... man page. 1 For example, S_IRUSR and S_IWUSR specify read and write permissions for the owner of the shared memory segment, and S_IROTH and S_IWOTH specify read and write per- missions for others. For ... 5.4.5,“FIFOs.” 5.4.3 Redirecting the Standard Input, Output, and Error Streams Frequently, you’ll want to create a child process and set up one end of a pipe as its standard input or standard output. Using the ... to read and write to files.The first program, Listing 5.5, generates a random number and writes it to a memory-mapped file.The second program, Listing 5.6, reads the number, prints it, and replaces...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... /dev/random. */ if (dev_random_fd == -1) { dev_random_fd = open (“/dev/random”, O_RDONLY); assert (dev_random_fd != -1); } /* Read enough random bytes to fill an integer variable. */ next_random_byte ... space while writing to a file. 6.5.4 Random Number Devices The special devices /dev/random and /dev/urandom provide access to the Linux ker- nel’s built-in random number–generation facility. Most ... as keystrokes and mouse movements, Linux is capable of generating an unpredictable stream of high-quality random numbers.You can access this stream by reading from /dev/random and /dev/urandom.The...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... 158 Chapter 7 The /proc File System lrwx 1 samuel samuel 64 Jan 30 01:30 1 -> /dev/pts/2 lrwx 1 samuel samuel 64 Jan 30 01:30 2 -> /dev/pts/2 lr-x 1 samuel samuel 64 Jan 30 01:30 3 -> /etc/fstab Notice ... second window, and look at the contents of the fd subdirectory for that process. % ls -l /proc/1261/fd total 0 lrwx 1 samuel samuel 64 Jan 30 01:02 0 -> /dev/pts/4 lrwx 1 samuel samuel 64 Jan ... information is the process ID and parent process ID, the real and effective user and group IDs, memory usage, and bit masks specifying which signals are caught, ignored, and blocked. 7.3 Hardware...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2014, 20:02

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2014, 20:02