advanced generation breeding strategies breeding population size structure and management

... a late -and- slowly hardening clone and an early -and- rapidly hardening one; and to test the value of the spectral technique for diagnosing cold hardiness in a breeding situation MATERIALS AND METHODS ... segments to be used for spectral analyses were freezedried and ground to a powder, using a ball mill Samples were handled and analysed in a random order Reflectance spectra were recorded within the ... weeks instead of the standard period of 10 weeks The model was then used to predict LT50 values for the prediction set, comprising all clones of the breeding population The standard error of determination...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... role of body size in marine and freshwater ecosystems James H Brown, Andrew P Allen and James F Gillooly Body size and suspension feeding Stuart Humphries 16 Life histories and body size 10 David ... Atkinson and Andrew G Hirst Relationship between biomass turnover and body size for stream communities Alexander D Huryn and Arthur C Benke Body size in streams: macroinvertebrate community size ... size and trophic cascades in lakes J Iwan Jones and Erik Jeppesen Body size and scale invariance: multifractals in invertebrate communities Peter E Schmid and Jenny M Schmid-Araya Body size and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... drug users and sex workers in 2003-2004, had been closed down, sealed up or fenced off Sex and drug markets did not disappear from Coney Island, and one new source of supply and demand for both ... including age and means of initiation, location of work, and type of involvement), 3) network size and characteristics (15 questions, including information about pimps and customers), 4) health and social ... estimates of the size of the population, and 2) to provide a reliable and ethnographically rich description of the characteristics, experiences, and service needs of the local CSEC population Below,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 21:20

... several strategies to enlarge their pore size toward the mesopore regime (pore size of 250 nm)24,25 and to downsize their crystal size to the nanometer scale have thus emerged.26 The mesopores and ... Mesoporous structure (Å) MOFs Linkers Apertures (Å) Cages Channels Ref Templates MIL-101 BDC 29 and 34 12.0 and 14.7 64 MIL-101_NDC 2,6-NDC 39 and 46 13.5 and 18.2 114 MIL-100 BTC 25 and 29 4.8 and ... meso-porous MOF nanocrystals, uniform nanosized MOFs with controlled-shape and size and subsequently, the extensive application of the prepared nanosized MOFs The first objective is nonionic...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:40

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... [9] and !16!: and RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The effective population size following selection illustrates the possible disadvaninbreeding depression) of using selection in production populations, and ... = = = EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE AND APPROXIMATIONS Let n! denote the number selected from the jth family and total selections Two types of definitions for effective population size are considered: ... effective population size under (K, , ) r 1Z selection from a population of infinitely large family number and size Let f (x) denote the density function of the family mean (x) in an infinite population, ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... BAPS and MGD were equivalent and underestimated K when m = 0.10 Contrarily, when K = 10, BAPS and MGD performed better than STRUCTURE In HIM, both STRUCTURE and MGD indicate five clusters and ... hermaphroditic and randomly mated (excluding selfing, except when indicated) The population comprised five subpopulations with an equal number of individuals constant along the generations A finite island ... = 0.06) and 1000 generations with no migration between subpopulations and 10 generations where m = 0.01 or m = 0.1 to generate linkage disequilibrium (LD); see Table for abbreviations and for...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... Animal Breeding and Husbandry, 24908 Kiel, Germany Authors’ contributions ZL conducted the analyses and wrote the manuscript FS prepared the genomic data FR and SR helped check the results and suggested ... run and the February 2010 run Reference bulls in the February 2010 run but not in this run Common candidates in this run and the February 2010 run Candidates with a sire in both reference populations? ... 2010) with the largest reference population of 5,025 bulls and DGV from each of the previous test runs For all selection candidates, born between 2006 and 2009 and for which no phenotypic information...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... SL, and TS performed Sanger sequencing analysis; XW, and KB performed next gen sequencing experiments; KF, ET, NS, RS, SL, and SM facilitated the study; KF, SL, PN, and OH designed the study and ... amplicons For Roche 454, Illumina GA, and ABI SOLiD the average coefficient of variance was 0.33, 0.9, and 0.73, respectively, for all base pairs, and 0.35, 0.84 and 0.76, respectively, when restricted ... Materials and methods) is achieved at 25-fold, 68-fold, and 39-fold and for 10% degradation at 34-fold, 110-fold and 101fold for Roche 454, Illumina GA, and ABI SOLiD, respectively (Figure 5) These results...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... limits further population growth The small population of banded leaf monkeys in Singapore may experience low genetic diversity owing to increased levels of drift and inbreeding (Lande and Barrowclough, ... diet and home range size, Cristóbal-Azkarate and Arroyo-Rodríguez, 2007; population size, Cristóbal-Azkarate et al., 2005; social organization, Zunio et al., 2007) (see Arroyo-Rodríguez and Mandujano, ... the population was estimated to be 10 individuals in the 1980s and approximately 20 in the 1990s (Corlett and Lucas, 1995; Teo and Rajathurai, 1999) Ng and Lim (1992) concluded that the banded...

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 11:39

... monitoring and audit for policy compliance 13 Firewall implementation and management 14 Virus prevention and protection 15 System and network ownership and management 16 End user accountability and ... of standard common core security policies Data ownership, classification, and security Trans-border data flow Data and resource access Password usage Utilization of cryptography and key management ... Identification and authentication Overview of Security Policies 17 Records retention and backup 18 Security Awareness and education 19 Partner and 3rd party connectivity 20 System development and deployment...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2012, 09:40

... for Denmark, Switzerland, Spain, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and the UK, a threemonth Treasury bill rate for Belgium, Sweden and the US, and a three-month commercial ... for Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK and the US For, Belgium we link an older series for small and medium-sized houses to the residential ... equity and residential property price data: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:40

... 0918.775.368 II Detail: Evaluate and compare different organizational structures and culture: Getting the structure right is important for any organization, whatever its size, its technology or its ... technology and tasks or strategy of management, each organization will be structured to meet its objective or motivate workers Organization structure can be broken down into two main types: function and ... collective self-image and style of the organization; its shared values and beliefs, norms and symbols”5 Each organization has different expectations, values, norms and ways to adapt and identify its...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 21:50

... organization of nitrifying bacterial populations and the in situ activity of these populations within the biofilms was discussed Microsensors For analysis of microbial structure and function (activity) of ... situ hybridization (FISH) and microsensor techniques have a high spatial (at a single-cell resolution) and temporal resolution and great potential, and provide reliable and direct information about ... concentration gradients across the biofilms, microbial mats and sediments and to calculate the net rates (areal and volumetric) of production and consumption at a certain depth or of whole microbial...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... annual water use based on household size d (L/man/day) It is assumed that spring and summer were three months (90 days) each, and fall and winter two months (60 days) and four months (120 days), respectively ... were not available Structure of annual and seasonal per capita water demand in Beijing City appears in Fig This contrasts with the structure of annual per capita water demand in Tokyo City, shown ... washing, and boiling water, 27% for showering and foot washing, 18% for toilet flushing, and 14% for the washing machine Water use in washing and showering increased from 12 to 17% and from 16...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 00:15

... singular in meaning and take a singular verb • Tittle of books and movies, even if plural in form, take singular verbs B Plural subjects • Subjects joined by and or both and take a plural verb ... THE SUBJECT AND VERB Five types of structures which can function as subjects: noun, pronoun, gerund (V-ing), infinitive (to V ), noun clause Every sentence has at least one subject and one verb ... refer to two words joined by Both and, or more words joined by and • A singular pronoun is used to refer to these indefinite pronouns which are singular in form and require singular verbs Any of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 03:15

... parralel structure Skill 24: Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions (same structure) + (and, but, or) +(same structure) (same structure) , (same structure) , (and, but, or), (same structure) ... Parallel structure with paired conjunctions Parallel structure with paired conjunctions Both and Either Or (same (same structure) structure) Neither Nor Not only But also Skill 26: Use Parallel structure ... is in some way the most outstanding Skill 29: Use the irregular –er, -er structure correctly THE –ER, -ER STRUCTURE The –er/more (same structure) , the –er/more (same structure) This type of sentence...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 03:15