acute on chronic blood loss anemia icd 9
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 1) pptx
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... Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 1)
Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and
Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss
Definitions
A finite ...
time-honored classification of anemias comprises three groups: decreased
production of red cells, increased destruction of red cells, and acute blood loss.
Red cell destruction and acute loss, ... increased reticulocyte
production, are covered in this chapter. Red cell production defects are discussed
in Chaps. 98 , 99 , and 100.
Physical loss of red cells from the bloodstream—which in most...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 2) docx
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...
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 2)
Table 101-2 General Features of Hemolytic Disorders
General
examination
Jaundice, pallor
Other physical ... (MCV) in
the blood count. On the blood smear this is reflected in the presence of
macrocytes; there is also polychromasia and sometimes nucleated red cells. In
most cases a bone marrow aspirate ... pathway that brings
the phenomenon of differentiation to an extreme. An orderly sequence of events
produces synchronous changes whereby the gradual accumulation of a huge
amount of hemoglobin...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 3) pptx
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... Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 3)
Figure 101-1
cause considerable iron loss, needing replacement. With chronic extravascular
hemolysis, the opposite problem, iron ... opposite problem, iron overload, is more common, especially if the
patient needs frequent blood transfusions. Chronic iron overload will cause
secondary hemochromatosis; this will cause damage, ... cause any long-term consequences. However,
if hemolysis is recurrent or persistent, the increased bilirubin production favors the
formation of gallstones. If a considerable proportion of hemolysis...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 5) ppt
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... 101-3
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 5)
Hemolytic Anemias Due to Abnormalities of the Membrane-
Cytoskeleton Complex
The detailed architecture ...
membrane-cytoskeleton complex belong to the category of inherited hemolytic
anemias. Before the red cells lyse, they often exhibit more or less specific
morphologic changes that alter the normal biconcave ... relatively common type of hemolytic anemia, with an estimated
frequency of at least 1 in 5000. Its identification is credited to Minkowksy and
Chauffard, who at the end of the 19th century reported...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 6) doc
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... Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 6)
Peripheral blood smear from patients with membrane-cytoskeleton
abnormalities. A. Hereditary spherocytosis. ... Molecular Hematology, 2d
edition. Oxford, Blackwell, 2005; with permission.]
Table 101-3 Inherited Diseases of the Red Cell Membrane-
Cytoskeleton
Gene Chromoso
mal Location
Protei
n Produced
Disease(
s) ...
channel)
HS
(dominant)
Mutations
of this gene may
account for
~25% of HS.
Southea
st Asian
ovalocytosis
(dominant)
Polymorp
hic mutation
(deletion of 9
amino acids);
clinically
asymptomatic;...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 7) docx
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... Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 7)
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
The spectrum of clinical severity of HS ... often gallstones; frequently it is the finding of gallstones in a
young person that triggers diagnostic investigations.
The variability in clinical manifestations that is observed among patients ... molecular lesions (Table 101-3).
Not only are mutations of several genes involved, but individual mutations of the
same gene can also give very different clinical manifestations. In milder...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 8) pdf
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... Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 8)
Abnormalities of the Glycolytic Pathway
(Fig. 101-1) Since red cells, in the course of their differentiation, have
sacrificed not only ... their mitochondria,
they rely exclusively on the anaerobic portion of the glycolytic pathway for
producing energy in the form of ATP. Most of the ATP is required by the red cell
for cation transport ... very high reticulocytosis. The anemia is of variable severity;
sometimes it is so severe as to require regular blood transfusions; sometimes it is
mild, bordering on a nearly compensated hemolytic...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 9) ppsx
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... metabolism of all aerobic cells (Fig. 101-4). In red cells, its
Among the mutations, those underlying chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic
anemia (CNSHA; see below) are a discrete subset. This much more ... adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
Genetic Considerations
The G6PD gene is X-linked, and this has important implications. First, as
males have only one G6PD gene (i.e., they are hemizygous for ... replacement can also affect the
catalytic function of the enzyme.
of severe neonatal jaundice, which may require exchange transfusion; if the
anemia is less severe, it may present later in...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 10) pps
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... Once the threat
of acute anemia is over, and in the absence of comorbidity, full recovery from
acute HA associated with G6PD deficiency is the rule.
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia ... G6PD Union worldwide. The heterogeneity of polymorphic G6PD variants is
proof of their independent origin, and it supports the notion that they have been
selected by a common environmental ... associated with G6PD deficiency is the rule.
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 10)
Epidemiology
G6PD deficiency is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 11) doc
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... Clostridium
perfringens
be responsible
Microangio
pathic
Acute
or chronic
Red cell
fragmentation
Red cell
morphology on
blood smear
Different
causes ranging
from
endothelial ...
t
rigger can be
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 11)
Table 101-
5 Drugs that Carry Risk of Clinical Hemolysis in Persons
with G6PD Deficiency
Definite ...
Abrupt
Mechan
ical destruction
Targete
d history
taking
Favism Acute Destruc
tion of older
fraction of
G6PD-
deficient red
G6PD
assay
Triggere
d by ingestion
of large dish of
fava...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 12) doc
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... transfusion may be
indicated when exacerbations occur, mostly in concomitance with intercurrent
infection. In rare patients, regular blood transfusions may be required; appropriate
iron chelation ... referred to as screening tests, which are suitable for population
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 12)
Figure 101-6
hemodialysis may be necessary, ... present with anemia or unexplained jaundice, or because of gallstones later in
life. The spleen may be enlarged. The severity of anemia ranges from borderline to
transfusion-dependent. The anemia...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 13) pptx
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... Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
Due to Acute Blood Loss
(Part 13)
Pyrimidine 5'-Nucleotidase (P5N) Deficiency
P5N is a key enzyme in the catabolism of nucleotides arising from the
degradation ... basophilic stippling. The condition is rare, but it probably ranks
third in frequency among red cell enzyme defects (after G6PD deficiency and PK
deficiency). The anemia is lifelong, of variable severity, ... 101-6), particularly
with open wounds, following septic abortion, or as a disastrous accident due to a
contaminated blood unit. Occasionally HA is seen, especially in children, with
sepsis or...
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Novel Insights on Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injury and Polycystic Kidney Disease Edited by Soundarapandian Vijayakumar pdf
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... obstruction that
results in massive distention of the bladder, degeneration of the abdominal wall
musculature, and interruption of testicular descent (Pagon et al., 197 9).
Novel Insights on Chronic ... al., 199 1; O'Connor et al., 199 7). As in ureteral obstruction models,
the effects of these urethral manipulations are also highly dependent on the timing and
severity of the obstruction. ... cm.
ISBN 97 8 -95 3-51-0234-2
Novel Insights on Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injury and Polycystic Kidney Disease
36
Ho and colleagues conducted an observational case-control study...
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