active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients

... information, education and services necessary to develop the life skills required to reduce their vulnerability to HIV infection Services should include access to preventive methods such as female and ... were made, and continue to be made, by MCH/FP programmes to enhance early detection of STIs by training some primary health care providers to educate their patients about symptoms and treatment STI ... will continue to suffer from STIs and RTIs, and will come to clinics with these problems It is arguably more demoralizing for health care workers not to be able to provide care than to apply a simple...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 15:20

... The Greenhouse Gas Protocol – sectors toolsets tomorrows-leaders.pdf) (at http://www.ghgprotocol.org/calculation- Global Water Tool (2007) (at http://www.wbcsd.org/web/watertool.htm) International ... chain In addition to LCM and LCA approaches, businesses also use other tools in their work to make value chains more sustainable Tools developed by WBCSD include the GHG protocol, corporate ecosystem ... retailers to drive the sustainability agenda So it’s very much customer driven They are looking to us to help them to improve the life cycle sustainability performance of the product with regard to...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... behavior—birds are conveyed toward an automated spinning blade, commonly referred to as the “killing machine,” which is designed to cut their necks Some conscious birds are able to avoid this blade, ... 1999) Other birds are able to completely avoid the stun bath by lifting their heads or flapping their wings, and these birds are fully conscious when they are moved to the next area Raj (1998b) ... important to note, however, that with the rapid improvements in equipment technology within this sector, it is expected that these costs would be even lower today (Raj 1998) According to Anglia Autoflow’s...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 08:20

... analyzed to determine energy coupling to coherent phonons Figure shows measured time-resolved reflectivity change ⌬R / R pumped by a double-pulse train with ͑a͒ ⌬t = 0.711 ps which is intended to enhance ... that more energy is extracted from excited carriers by coherent phonon vibration and is then transferred to lattice heating This also indicates that energy transfer from coherent phonon to the lattice ... carriers directly due to the fast dephasing time of coherent phonons The value of DR can be analyzed to determine quantitatively the energy coupling from the excited carriers to coherent phonons...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... protects against lethal challenge with both H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses in mice, and reduces shedding of viruses in ferrets [12] We have used the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) to study ... end-point to evaluate protection from influenza-induced respiratory disease or vaccine efficacy We previously established that cotton rats can be used as a model to study heterosubtypic immunity against ... or cross-reactive antibodies To further evaluate whether antibodies play a role in heterosubtypic immunity, we transferred serum from H1N1 or H3N2-immune cotton rats into naïve cotton rats 24...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... difficult for people to get their goods to market and themselves to places of work, to handle health emergencies, to send children to schools, to obtain public services, and to keep in touch with events ... 1993 to 2000, 30 ADB projects on transport and energy (26 for transport and for energy) indicated poverty reduction as their primary or secondary objective This includes transport and energy sector ... Policy Change and Sector Reform To meet poverty reduction objectives, it will be necessary to revisit transport sector policies and to build the capacity of transport sector institutions While...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... was necessary to classify these transport slope roads according to their parameters pursuant to new norms and legislation and to classify their quality That is why it was decided to divide the ... forest opening by forest transport roads are two important indexes of forest transport network Contrary to their length the density of forest transport roads is related to the area of forests That ... conform to forest roads of 2L grade because of their characteristics and facilities were used for forest transport In future the higher frequency of transportation and stepwise refinement of their...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... Security Due to Energy Improvements 163 Impact on Common Resources Due to Transport Improvements 164 Impact on Common Resources Due to Energy Improvements 164 Time Savings Due to Transport ... Due toTransport Improvements 157 Change in Household Income Due to Energy Improvements 158 Change in Household Health Due to Transport Improvements 158 Change in Household Health Due to ... in Access to Information Due to Transport Improvements 161 Change in Access to Information Due to Energy Improvements 162 Change in Household Security Due to Transport Improvements 163...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... difficult for people to get their goods to market and themselves to places of work, to handle health emergencies, to send children to schools, to obtain public services, and to keep in touch with events ... Its objectives were to enhance current understanding of how transport and energy infrastructure and services contribute to poverty reduction, to fill knowledge gaps, and to identify lessons learned ... specific transport and energy investments to be studied and the research hypotheses they believed to be most appropriate for pursuing the policy dialogue in their countries They were also asked to...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... Policy Change and Sector Reform To meet poverty reduction objectives, it will be necessary to revisit transport sector policies and to build the capacity of transport sector institutions While ... in economic welfare ADB’s energy sector strategy seeks to increase the availability of energy in a least-cost and environment-friendly manner and to improve access to energy, particularly for ... dramatically reduced transport costs, facilitated vice centers was cut by at least 50%, due partly to better energy supply to the region, and improved the environroad transport and partly to the location...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction The project also aimed to remove marketing barriers to the dissemination of renewable energy sources and to reduce greenhouse ... a pilot program to develop intermediate means of transport for the rural poor The rural transport component aimed to reduce the need for women and children to head-load goods to market, thereby ... expected to contribute to poverty reduction by empowering poor households in the project areas to raise their incomes through increased grain, livestock, and fishery production The goal was to raise...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... access by the poor to improved transport and energy services, • gender differences in impacts of transport and energy investments, • environmental consequences of transport and energy investments, ... access to modern transport and energy systems offers the potential to increase their productivity and improve their welfare The “access” benefit is sometimes measured by comparing modern transport ... be possible to modify the design of infrastructure sector interventions and investments so as to maximize their contribution to poverty reduction This interaction of multiple factors has been...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... watermelon to the nearest motorable road normally took him hours, making 20 trips back and forth Then he hired a three-wheel motor bicycle to transport his watermelon to the market The transport ... Reduction The key to enabling transport and energy infrastructure to have an impact on poverty reduction is enabling the poor to increase their utilization and consumption of transport and energy services, ... who took the bus to county towns (including those who walk and then take the bus) increased from 66% to 86% The bus has become the most important means of transport for farmers to county towns...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... electricity to EGAT and can also sell directly to the public SPPs may produce up to 150 megawatts but can sell only up to 90 megawatts to EGAT The total contribution of private producers to the electricity ... the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Residents help the Thailand study team to map some of the features of their village to and use of transport and energy services ... some road transportation services, the Government plays an active role in both the construction of transport and energy infrastructure and the provision of transport and energy services To date,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... that transport improvements made it possible for them to travel to nearby towns for wage work (Box 7.1) Contractors from the nearby towns visited these villages with their own vehicles to collect ... due to the bad monsoon in the last few years So Shahbhai and his brother were forced to migrate to a town temporarily to construction work to make ends meet Shahbhai disliked this, as he had to ... provides proper signals to all stakeholders Regulations should be designed to attract more private sector investment, to allow reasonable rates of return to investors, and to improve consumer satisfaction...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... in their own right, in addition to contributing to the ability of people to raise productivity in response to transport and energy investments Health care and education levels are likely to rise ... in urban areas, however, are less likely to have the flexibility to increase their transport expenditures in response to transport improvements • Urban transport improvements facilitate the delivery ... nonfarm enterprises in rural areas seems to be more closely related to the provision of electricity than to transport improvements One nonfarm activity related to transport, however, is the employment...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... simplified to cover a smaller number of indicators Third, it would be useful to initiate long-term monitoring studies to track the effects and impacts of a small sample of transport and energy projects ... likely to be left out if programs stop short of that objective • Special measures may be needed to ensure that poorer households within communities gain equitable access to transport and energy ... benefits of energy investments were more likely to be seen as inequitably distributed, due to high costs and the need for individuals to make complementary investments in order to capitalize on energy...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... time, large projects continue to account for a large share of development partner support to the transport and energy sectors, and satisfactory existing studies of their impact on poverty are lacking ... in East Asia: The Untold Story EDI Learning Resources Series Washington, D.C.: World Bank, Washington Mukherjee, Mahua 2002 From Dawn to Dusk: Transportation of Rural Women to and from the Metropolis ... will be beneficial to the poor, even if short-term costs increase Private operators, it is believed, will be more responsive to the needs of their customers and will seek to operate services...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... Change and Sector Reform In a world collectively dedicated to the fight against poverty, it will be necessary to revisit transport sector policies and to build the capacity of transport sector institu- ... few transport options were available to bridge the gap between head-loading and motorized transport The project aimed to bring benefits to the poor by constructing or rehabilitating farm -to- market ... requiring women to provide and manage household energy, while also contributing their own energy to the accomplishment of household and agricultural tasks Programs to promote energy development...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23