acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose

Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanism of mild acid hydrolysis of galactan polysaccharides with highly ordered disaccharide repeats leading to a complete series of exclusively odd-numbered oligosaccharides doc

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 04:21

... mechanism of acid hydrolysis of the 3,6-anGal-containing galactans 2126 Results and Discussion Identiﬁcation of a complete series of odd-numbered oligosaccharides resulting from mild acid hydrolysis of ... instability highlights the fast rate of reduction Effect of acidity on acid hydrolysis Acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides is conventionally carried out in strong mineral acid and, as described above, ... series of exclusively odd-numbered oligosaccharides was obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of j-carrageenan Identiﬁcation of odd-numbered oligosaccharides resulting from mild acid hydrolysis of agarose...

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Production of lactic acid by microbial fermentation of hemicellulose sugars

Ngày tải lên : 16/10/2015, 11:57

... PRODUCTION OF LACTIC ACID BY MICROBIAL FERMENTATION OF HEMICELLULOSE SUGARS PUAH SZE MIN (B.Sc NUS) A THESIS SUBMITED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ... wall VIII LIST OF SCHEME Scheme Chemical synthesis of lactic acid (a) Addition of hydrogen cyanide (b) Hydrolysis by sulfuric acid (c) Esterification (d) Hydrolysis by water IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... CECT-4023T to ferment 17.4 g/L of xylose and 11.1 g/L of glucose using hemicellulose hydrolysate of vine shoots to give 21.8 g/L of lactic acid A list of lactic acid bacteria that are able to...

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Characterization of the Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio and Fatty Acid Structure of Zostera japonica in Coastal Areas

Ngày tải lên : 05/09/2013, 10:17

... Acid Methyl Esters Mix (47080-U, SUPELCO, USA); and kinds of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) These standards were used to obtain 56 kinds of fatty acids Therefore, the contents of each fatty acid ... quantity of lipid, the content ratios of all the fatty acids, and the ratio of each fatty acid RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characteristics of carbon stable isotope in Z japonica The mean δ13C of Z japonica ... that of the roots and rhizomes For example, the δ13C of HCO3- is higher than δ13C of CO2 in sea water Characteristics of fatty acid structure in Z japonica We found about 30 kinds of fatty acids...

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Effect of unsaturated fatty acid esters of biodiesel fuels on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

Ngày tải lên : 05/09/2013, 15:28

... Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 3, 2010, pp.411-430 421 % of Premixed combustion % of Diffusion combustion Trend line of % of diffusion combustion Trend line of % of premixed ... volume, JT 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 50 % of tallow oil methyl ester by volume, SFCt 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of sunflower oil methyl ester and 50 % of coconut oil methyl ... Where, JT 80:20 = Blend of 80 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 20 % of tallow oil methyl ester by volume, JP 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 50 % of palm oil methyl ester...

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Assessment of pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw as a sugar source for bioprocess industry

Ngày tải lên : 05/09/2013, 15:28

... lignocellulosic matrix of switchgrass resulting in a maximum theoretical yield of glucose after 30h of enzymatic hydrolysis[ 89] 8.3 Phosphoric acid The use of concentrated phosphoric acid (>83%) has ... degree of crystallinity, DP -removal and hydrolysis of hemicellulose -transformation of lignin structure Fractionation: -Organosolv -Ionic Liquid -Phosphoric Acid -selective degradation of lignin ... maleic acids can be used instead of sulfuric acid to reduce sugar degradation reactions catalyzed sulfuric acid while attaining nearly identical sugar yields [36] Optimization of dilute maleic acid...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Kinetic analysis of effector modulation of butyrylcholinesterase-catalysed hydrolysis of acetanilides and homologous esters pdf

Ngày tải lên : 18/02/2014, 17:20

... Modulation of butyrylcholinesterase catalytic activitiy P Masson et al both the competitive inhibition of hydrolysis of positively charged substrates and activation of hydrolysis of neutral substrates ... pattern of inhibition has been reported previously for decamethonium inhibition of the hydrolysis of 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin by acetylcholinesterase [50] The inhibition of wild-type BuChE hydrolysis ... similar to the activating effect of tyramine binding on the hydrolysis of o-NAC and o-NPA The observation that benzalkonium is an inhibitor of BuChE-catalysed hydrolysis of ATMA at low [S] and an activator...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: A single amino acid substitution of Leu130Ile in snake DNases I contributes to the acquisition of thermal stability A clue to the molecular evolutionary mechanism from cold-blooded to warm-blooded vertebrates docx

Ngày tải lên : 20/02/2014, 23:20

... sequence of the open reading frame (ORF) of their cDNAs and the corresponding aa sequences, in Table Summary of the puriﬁcation of DNases I from the pancreases of three species of snake The results of ... Comparison of the three primary structures of deoxyribonuclease isolated from bovine, ovine, and porcine pancreas Derivation of the amino acid sequence of ovine DNase and revision of the previously ... 5¢-UTR regions of E climacophora DNase I cDNA were identical to those of E quadrivirgata, but 8.4% (16/189) of the entire nt sequence in the 3¢-UTR of the former was different from that of the latter...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Importance of the amino-acid composition of the shutter region of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 for its transitions to latent and substrate forms pdf

Ngày tải lên : 22/02/2014, 07:20

... alignments of 219 serpins showed that residue 53 is a Ser in 92% of the cases; residue 56 is a Ser in 74% of the cases; residue 186 an Asn in 87% of the cases; and residue 334 a His in 80% of the ... respectively) of the very unstable variants Q334H and G56S/Q334H At the routinely used pH of 8.1, there is only a slight effect of vitronectin on the rate of latency transition of PAI-1 wild-type, ... most of the BSA and most of the excess of LMW-uPA The samples were then precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and subjected to SDS/PAGE in gradient gels with 6–16% polyacrylamide The positions of...

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Báo cáo khoa học: The oleic acid complexes of proteolytic fragments of a-lactalbumin display apoptotic activity pdf

Ngày tải lên : 06/03/2014, 09:22

... spectra of fragment 1–40 ⁄ 104–123 in the presence of increasing concentrations of OA The CD spectrum of this fragment appeared to be that of a largely disordered polypeptide, but upon addition of ... summary, the results of this study indicate that, besides substantial variation in amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain of a-LA, severe truncation of the polypeptide chain of the protein is ... cell-damaging effects of the various OA complexes could result from an enhanced solubility of the otherwise poorly soluble and inherently toxic fatty acid [33] Results Preparation of complexes of a-LA fragments...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates by nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases ppt

Ngày tải lên : 08/03/2014, 02:21

... PPADS, at 100 lM, inhibited the hydrolysis of Ó FEBS 2003 Hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates (Eur J Biochem 270) 2975 Fig Eﬀect of inhibitors on hydrolysis of Ap4A by NPP1, NPP2, and NPP3 ... the production of AMP and Apn-1 as the primary hydrolysis products Hydrolysis of ApnAs had a very alkaline pH optimum, comparable to that of alkaline phosphatases [18] Dinucleotide hydrolysis was ... speciﬁcity and are capable of hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleic acids, and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars, resulting in the release of nucleoside 5¢...

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Hydrolysis of esters revision of formation of esters

Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 22:06

... Ethanoic Acid Revision of Formation of Esters  Formed from:Carboxylic Acid  Alcohol  Ethanoic Acid Ethyl Ethanoate Ethanol Water Hydrolysis of Esters Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification ... Ethyl Ethanoate Water Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification  Broken down by reaction with water  Forms:  Carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ethanoate Ethanoic Acid Water Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification ... Forms: Carboxylic Acid  Alcohol  Ethyl Ethanoate Ethanoic Acid Water Ethanol Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification  Broken down by reaction with water  Forms: Alcohol  Carboxylic Acid   Dilute...

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HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS hydrolysis of esters

Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 22:06

... The Fatty Acids O CH3 (CH2)10 C OH Lauric acid O O CH3 (CH2)12 C OH CH3 (CH2)14 C OH Myristic acid Palmitic acid O CH3 (CH2)16 C OH O CH3 (CH2)7 CH CH (CH2)7 C OH Stearic acid Oleic acid O CH3 ... + H3O+ Hydrolysis of Amides Basic Solution O O Na+ _ R C NH2 + OH heat Na+ + NH3 R C O Acidic Solution O R C NH2 + H2O H2SO4 heat O R C OH + (NH4)SO4 excess Hydrolysis requires strong acid or ... Hydrolysis of Esters Basic Solution O R C O R O Na+_ + OH Na+ R C O heat + R O H Acidic Solution O R C O R + H2O H2SO4 heat O R C OH + R O H excess Hydrolysis requires strong acid or...

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Competitive sorption of cadmium and lead in acid soils of central spain

Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 23:22

... difference may be the result of the higher pH and the greater clay content of S2 and S4 This last difference could induce a lowering of the pH attributed to enhanced hydrolysis of the metals to a greater ... adsorption of Cd(II) onto kaolinite and Muloorina illite in the presence of citric acid Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 270, 86 – 93 Ma, L.Q., Rao, G.N., 1997 Chemical fractionation of cadmium, ... as a consequence of the increased sorption levels (McBride, 1999) In order to examine the role of soil pH and hydrolysis, the sorption data were also plotted against the pH of the filtrated solutions...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Hydrolysis of acetylthiocoline, o-nitroacetanilide and o-nitrotriﬂuoroacetanilide by fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase doc

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 01:20

... F-ONA hydrolysis than for hydrolysis of ONA by BuChE arises from the big jump in the turnover of F-ONA (> 7500 min)1) as compared to that of ONA (> 13 min)1) [26] To summarize, the hydrolysis of ... reﬂect the contribution of the ﬂuorine atoms in F-ONA to the stabilization of the alkoxide moiety and further acetylation of BuChE As the oxyanion hole of BuChE is composed of Gly116, Gly117, and ... composed of Gly121, Gly122, and Ala204 [28], the faster hydrolysis of ONA by AChE would not arise from the amino acids in the hole, but possibly from improved accommodation and stabilization of the...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Fatty acid composition of chylomicron remnant-like particles inﬂuences their uptake and induction of lipid accumulation in macrophages pot

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 12:20

... particular type of fatty acid predominating in the oil, but also contained a complex mixture of other fatty acids, as occurs in vivo As might be expected, the fatty acid composition of CRLPs containing ... differential rates of uptake of CRLPs of different fatty acid compositions by macrophages observed in the present study is due to differences in the oxidative state of the particles Evaluation of the lipid ... degree of unsaturation of dietary fatty acids and the development of atherosclerosis (review) J Nutr Biochem 14, 182–195 Lambert MS, Botham KM & Mayes PA (1996) Modiﬁcation of the composition of...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Enhanced stereoselective hydrolysis of toxic organophosphates by directly evolved variants of mammalian serum paraoxonase ppt

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 13:20

... optical isomers of cyclosarin [30] and those of p-nitrophenol analogs of sarin and soman [25] Therefore, it was of interest to examine the stereoselectivity of cyclosarin and soman hydrolysis exerted ... consistent with faster hydrolysis of the less toxic optical isomer of cyclosarin [P(+)] and the two less toxic diastereoisomers of soman [P(+)C(+ ⁄ –)] by V346A Stereoselective hydrolysis of chiral OP ... ⁄ V346A Figure shows the kinetics of hydrolysis of paraoxon and parathiol by H115W and wild-type PON1 It was noted that H115W enhanced the rate of parathiol hydrolysis by 270-fold compared with...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Suppression of nuclear factor-jB activity in macrophages by chylomicron remnants: modulation by the fatty acid composition of the particles pot

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 04:20

... changed by any of the four types of CRLPs Effect of the fatty acid composition of CRLPs on COX-2 mRNA expression The effect of CRLPs of varying fatty acid composition on expression of COX-2, an ... acid composition of the particles modulates this effect Earlier studies on the effects of free fatty acids on NF-jB activity in macrophages have also suggested that different types of fatty acids ... fatty acid composition of CRLPs A B C De Pascale et al Because inhibition of NF-jB activation has previously been linked to increased cholesterol efﬂux activity [23], the effects of CRLPs of varying...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Comparative biochemical characterization of nitrile-forming proteins from plants and insects that alter myrosinase-catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolatesk docx

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 11:20

... accelerated the hydrolysis of allyl glucosinolate, but the proportion of epithiopropyl cyanide declined relative to the amounts of other hydrolysis products (Table 1) Irrespective of whether ESP ... GC-MS and GC-FID The amounts of products are expressed as a percentage of the total amount of hydrolysis products measured in nmol In each case, the remainder of the hydrolysis products were isothiocyanates ... retention time [min] Fig The effects of ESP and NSP on myrosinase-catalysed hydrolysis of allylglucosinolate (A) Chemical structures of the hydrolysis products of allylglucosinolate: 1, allyl cyanide;...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanism for the hydrolysis of hyaluronan oligosaccharides by bovine testicular hyaluronidase docx

Ngày tải lên : 29/03/2014, 08:20

... study, we analyzed the products of hydrolysis of HA oligosaccharides of known sizes by BTH using ionspray MS [6] In the present study, the mechanism of hydrolysis of pure synthetic oligosaccharide ... any of the reaction conditions tested Products of hydrolysis by BTH of 2-pyridylamine (PA)–HA eicosasaccharides We then investigated the mechanism of hydrolysis by BTH, using a substrate of deﬁned ... substrates for hydrolysis 1778 A B C D E F G H Fig HPLC analysis of the products of hydrolysis of PA-HA eicosasaccharide by BTH Two micrograms of PA-HA eicosasaccharide was incubated in 100 lL of 0.1...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Substrate-dependent hysteretic behavior in StEH1-catalyzed hydrolysis of styrene oxide derivatives docx

Ngày tải lên : 30/03/2014, 02:20

... oxide hydrolysis D Lindberg et al Fig 13C-NMR signals of CO in 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol (125.7 MHz, CDCl3 solution) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of 2-MeSO enantiomers (A) Hydrolysis products of ... excitation wavelength of O-labeling of 2-MeSO hydrolysis products Initially, control experiments were performed to measure the catalyzed hydrolysis of (R,R)-2-MeSO in the presence of 0.1 m ammonium ... (S,S)-2-MeSO reaction (Fig 2D) Hydrolysis of either 2-MeSO enantiomer therefore appears to be dependent C D Fig (A) Proposed kinetic mechanism of StEH1 hydrolysis of (S,S)-2-MeSO The mechanism...

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