... 4.3
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used as in the simple past tense, but the auxiliary verb had is situated prior
to the main verb and even prior to the ... Plural of
it = they (subj.)/them (obj.)
C/CM
6. We found a note.
C/CM
7. The herb was safe.
NC/C C/CM C/CM
8. The safety of the men was the issue.
C/CM C/P
9. Along the way, we went the Statue of ... is the name of a poem.
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The girl was making candy tomorrow, but now she has decided not to
make it.
Perfect Forms
The...
... because they were not nice.
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The word neither is a negative in and of itself, because it is a contraction
of
either and ... for in the same sentence construction with the use
of a noun. However, in the following sentences, we can replace the word
for with the phrase to get, and the meaning does not change. The implica-
tion ... organized notes.
The first verb after the word to is the first form (v1) in all
of the sentences. This is true even if the verb is five words
after
to. If you include the first part of the phrase...
... was walking to the market.
I have been walking to and from the market all day.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
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27. The germanic languages ... was safe.
8. The safety of the men was the issue.
9. Along the way, we went to the statue of liberty.
10. The Midwest was rainy on Thursday.
11.The money earmarked for the interstate highway commission
was ... to the store. (No time tag.)
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This sentence tells me that the action was occurring for a certain amount
of time in the...
... looked very impressive.
The song sung
is the best kind.
The run
race is the best kind, too.
Present Participle
The fighting dogs were apprehended.
The leader was astonishing
.
The astounding
news ... effectively.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
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2. Postposed: This comes two places after the noun.
a. After a linking verb: She is the best.
b. ... is a
present participle in the following sentence: Boiling lava from the volcano
destroyed the town.
There is also the past participle: The
tr
aveled
man has many experi-
ences. These words in...
... generally
employing the prepositions
of and in.
Examples:
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After the verbs below, use adjectives, with the exceptions noted. These
verbs ... TOEFLEssay (TWE)
For the first class, and we are generalizing, place the adverb in the ini-
tial position, at the beginning of the sentence, offset by a comma, or at the
final position, at the ... her, the
other girls, and the remainder of the class (presumably
boys); therefore, she is not the best. The comparison is, how-
ever, only between her and the other girls.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
TOEFL...
... and Grammar
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designate a be verb as an LV when it is the only verb in the verb phrase
of the main clause of the superstructure. ... conforming to the rules.
They themselves cleaned the house.
They answered themselves.
Postposed
I did it myself.
You won the game yourself.
He came here himself.
The dog killed the snake itself.
We ...
yourselves know that all the work must be accurate.
We
ourselves understood everything (ourselves), unlike the rest.
They
themselves took the cat out (themselves), instead of having the maid
do it.
He...
... the letter receives the
action from the verb. I did the action (performed the action) on the let-
ter and did it to the letter. The man receives the thing itself, the noun
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I eat at the table.
He lives under the bridge
.
Around the cor
ner, there is a store.
After the fight
, they were friends.
They went o
ver the hill,
by the well, and on to grandmother’s house.
Gerunds ... even
though the function is similar.
However, the IO can take a preposition in front of it only when the IO
is at the end of the sentence. Compare the IOs in the sentences to those
at the end of the...
...
with the brake.)
The boy made the little girl scream.
He made the child steal.
He made the car be stolen. (It was his fault.)
The principal made the student be quiet.
The mother made the girl ... Grammar
He insisted the men be bound.
They were insisting they be released.
They demanded to be ransomed.
They demanded the men be set free.
They were ordered killed.
They were to be killed.
The causative ... to find the prettiest girl to take to the dance.
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Make = p + make + p + v1
P +
make + t + v1
He makes his brother clean...
... (OC)
They made him the most feared leader in the whole Western world.
S V DO OC
I slugged the man, the one being the most obnoxious pest at the party
.
S V DO OC
I made her my wife
, the partner ... shovel the snow for the lady who attends my c
hurch.
The IOs in these sentences are technically the objects of the
prepositions
to and for, but we will view them according to
the function in the ... bully’s brother ate the candy.
Det. Adj. Adj./N S/N
The big brother of the bully ate
the candy.
Det. Adj. S/N prep + Obj = PP: This is the inverted genitive realized by a
prepositional phrase.
The big...
... 169
160
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The big, fat, ugly bear ate the lunch basket.
The big, fat, ugly bear = the complete subject
Bear = the simple subject
We basically have two phrases together in the ... one’s teeth.
S/Adj + s = plural
THE
:
RE
N
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:
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They expelled the men, the disgraced.
Det. DOc/V3
Noun Phrase Realized ... Phrase Realized by a Verbal
They are the beaten.
Det. SC/V3
The subservient are whipped
.
SC/V3
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Adjective Phrases...
... wonderful
-ous: continuous
More on Nouns
Some of these words fall into both categories.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
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Verb1 (v1) verb2 (v2) verb3 ... shot
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
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Adjective Phrases Realized by Adjectives
I lent encouragement to the blind (students).
IO/adj ... Prepositions
He delivered the speech to the in-your-face generation.
Prep poss pro = PP = adj
They finalized an under
-the- counter proposition.
Prep det N = PP = adj
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... time.
Exercise 7.2
Directions:
Punctuate the following sentences. Make all answers
only one sentence.
1. The girl the sister the mother and the boyfriend all were injured
in the plane accident but thank ... that have the same sound, the same spelling, and
different meanings.
Hard Difficult
Hard Opposite of
soft
Chief Main
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Chief ... pronounced the same but have different
spellings and different meanings.
See With the eyes
Sea The water
Site A place
Sight To see with the eyes
Sink To not float
Sync In harmony
Tail The long...
... punctuate it.
The man wrapped the gift then he hid the bottle in the fireplace
next the man threw out the extra paper finally he discarded the evi-
dence
Exercise 7.8
Directions:
Find the independent ... one survived the crash in the Andes last night.
8. The group of boys taunted the girls walking across the yard.
9. The kittens roamed about the yard playing.
10. The professor pounded the desk in ... snow.
15. The fat, old, ugly bear consumed the picnic.
16. Beside the road, a snake swallowed the mouse.
EXERCISE 7.4
EXERCISE 7.5
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but, on the other hand, I could never buy into the idea of quitting
life completely.
6. If I were you, I would try to fix my car before the cold weather set ... _____?
(d)
a. why does the boss allow them to stay
b. why does the boss allows them to stay
c. why the boss he allows them to stay
d. why the boss allows them to stay
8. The students have been ... 6:00 to go over there.
EXERCISE 7.12
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b. To have been read by
c. To be read
d. To read
7. Do all of the employees at...
... won most of the games they played this year.
Most of the games they played this year were won by the base-
ball team.
5. The jury decided the fate of the accused murderers.
The fate of the accused ... fireplace next
the man threw out the extra paper finally he discarded the evidence
The gift was wrapped by the man; then, the bottle was hidden by
him in the fireplace. Next, the extra paper ... decided by the jury.
6. The plane crashed in the Andes late last night.
The plane was crashed in the Andes late last night.
7. No one survived the crash in the Andes last night.
The crash in the Andes...