accuracy bias and precision of measurements

... digit of uncertainty (estimated digit) Precision and Accuracy Accuracy • Agreement of a particular value with the true value Precision • Degree of agreement among several measurements of the ... Types of Observations and Measurements  We make QUALITATIVE observations of reactions — changes in color and physical state  We also make QUANTITATIVE observations that involve MEASUREMENTS ... reading  All measurements have some degree of uncertainty WHY?????  When measurements are recorded CORRECTLY it must be written with a digit of uncertainty (estimated digit) and a unit  Last...

Ngày tải lên: 01/12/2016, 23:48

... the roles of primary and secondary OC production is an important step toward an improved understanding and modeling of the sources, morphology and effects of aerosol OC The technique of minimizing ... concentrations, creating an understanding of the variety of sources contributing to a broad range of measured species [Sweet and Vermette, 1992; Thunis and Cuvelier, 2000; Lamanna and Goldstein, 1999] In ... 12% and 27% of the ambient concentrations of acetone, MEK and acetaldehyde respectively in the winter and 29%, 26% and 34% respectively in the summer Aerosol OC was found to be composed of 16%...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... analogous to a measure of residual deviance and is included here as a measurement of goodness of fit management protocols is impacted by a systematic bias, and the magnitude of that bias is partly determined ... of the stock (Marteinsdottir and Thorarinsson 1998) Rigorous tests of both constancy assumptions are warranted given the ubiquitous and largely uncritical use of SSB in recruitment research and ... consisting of females (i.e., lenFSB/SSB) is not constant and equal to 0.5 (Fig 8a) Instead, len-FSB/SSB ranges between a maximum of 0.68 in 1948 and a minimum of 0.24 in 1987 Values of len-FSB/SSB...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... presidents and chancellors, provosts and named professors, former top government officials, leading policy analysts, and outstanding scientists and engineers—nine of whom are members of the National ... have the ability and drive to succeed in science and engineering Studies of brain structure and function, of hormonal modulation of performance, of human cognitive development, and of human evolution ... Scientific and professional societies should (a) Serve in helping to set professional and equity standards, collect and disseminate field-wide education and workforce data, and provide professional...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 19:20

... with C Potter of NASA Ames, R Atkinson of UC Riverside, and P Harley and A Guenther of NCAR are much appreciated References Andreae, M O., and P Merlet (2001), Emissions of trace gases and aerosols ... these in light of present measurements Given the great paucity of available data, many assumptions and extrapolations are necessary and are noted Estimates of the global sources of OVOC are presented ... emissions of CH3CHO have been measured with Holzinger et al [1999] reporting a source of 11 Tg yrÀ1 and Andreae and Merlet [2001] recommending only Tg yrÀ1 On the basis of a number of assumptions,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... using sandbox or network analysis techniques The result of this step is a list of network locations (IP address / port) of peer services that form part of the P2P botnet Step 2: Infiltration and ... OVERNET and the Stormnet and observe the communication to get a better understanding of it Assume that we want to find out in the least intrusive way what type of content is published and searched ... wishes for the year 2007 and as an attachment a copy of the Storm binary An analysis of this archive shows that Storm is quite active and can generate a significant amount of spam: we found that...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... stress and strain, thus to obtain high precision of bending The relation between bending angles and laser operating parameters, such as laser power, laser scanning velocity, and number of scanning ... dependence of bending on optical and thermophysical properties of the target material is illustrated In order to understand the effects of laser irradiation, surface composition before and after ... bending angle of silicon specimens as a function of the power of the pulsed laser and the CW laser, respectively The thermal diffusivity ? ?of silicon is much larger than that of ceramics For...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... the number of nodes and elements was 41098 and 29436 (Modular) and 33270 and 23744 (Monoblock) For Construct B, the number of nodes and elements was 52121 and 39423 (Modular) and 61577 and 45847 ... allow for ease -of- comparison to future FE and experimental studies using this often-used commercially-available synthetic bone, and the ease -of- storage and lack of degradation of the synthetic ... of the Modular and Monoblock implants were developed, and strain and stress maps were generated for two constructs, A and B Construct A modeled a hip implant alone under axial forces of 700 and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... highlight invalidating effects of McPhail and Haines Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2010, 8:65 http://www.hqlo.com/content/8/1/65 response shift and recall bias as well as offering an alternate method ... Plaza, Corner of Ipswich Road and Cornwall Street, Brisbane, Australia, 2School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, ... completing the standard EQ-5D and the EQ-5D then test McPhail and Haines Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2010, 8:65 http://www.hqlo.com/content/8/1/65 This was the third and final time the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... presence and strength of this relationship between blood glucose and tissue uptake rates when seen in the metaanalysis of our large sample of studies Figure illustrates this using a box plot of Pearson's ... likelihood estimates of KM and MRGlucMAX being highly linearly codependent, and it requires a wide range of glucose values to confidently distinguish the effects of changing KM and changing MRGlucMAX, ... glucose across hundreds of mice and dozens of studies However, our SUV values were derived from time-activity curves at no more than 30 after injection of FDG, and with only of acquisition time,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... number of received bits) PER = Number of received packets with at least one error + Number of partial packets received Total number of received packets PLR = Number of packets sent − Number of packets ... Door Handle) (Inside Door Handle) (Inside Door Handle) (Inside Door Handle) (On Centre of Dash Board) (In the Trunk) (Under Driver’s Seat) 10 (Under Hood, Drivers Side) 11 (Under Hood, Bottom of ... (Behind Driver’s Visor) (Behind Peddles) (Inside Door Handle) (Inside Door Handle) (Inside Door Handle) (Inside Door Handle) (On Centre of Dash Board) (In the Trunk) (Under Driver’s Seat) BER...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20

... “foreshortening” and refers to the transformation of the apparent size and shape of a surface when the viewpoint of observation is varied.) It is thus clear that the number of sampled pixels for a unit of ... reconstruction accuracy and robustness,” in Proceedings of the True Vision Capture, Transmission and Display of 3D Video Conference (3DTV ’07), pp 1–4, Kos Island, Greece, May 2007 [44] M Habbecke and L ... classes are often, respectively, referred to as volumetric and space-sweeping approaches The notation and geometry of this operation are first introduced Let I1 and I2 be the images of a calibrated...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... population of paths of each tree (eq [1]) and the true totals and variances of the target variables and the estimates of the totals, respectively Choice of the auxiliary variable and variance of the ... ad hoc use of different auxiliary variables, the stratification of the crown and the deletion of segments In the present study, the effects of the choice of the auxiliary variable and of the created ... for individual trees and defined the product of the squared diameter and the length of the branch beginning at the base of the segment, a proxy of the volume of that part of the branch, as the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... of publication bias remains controversial, and a number of studies suggest that this type of bias has only small effects [21–24], whereas our observed effects are huge Recently, publication bias ... publication; 81% of positive trials and 70% of negative ones were published, suggesting a publication bias of perhaps 13% [25] Publication bias is thus unlikely to account for the unanimity of the results ... amounts of data about the drug, and has eliminated the least promising agents before the design process for randomized controlled trials occurs Design bias Design bias, on the other hand, occurs...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... frame of one minute after NPFE performed with a reservoir pressure of -55 cmH2O and a PEEP of cmH2O Assessment of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness by FOT and NPFE Following DI and baseline ... cylinder and pressure at airway opening All data were digitized at a rate of 256 Hz with 12 bit accuracy The mechanical cut-off frequency of the plethysmograph chamber was over 300 Hz The spectra of ... at a respiratory rate of 150 breaths/min and tidal volume of 10 ml/kg against a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of cmH2O Experimental Setup To permit NPFE and FOT measurements in the same...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... detection bias Assessment of the trial reporting in terms of risk of bias, the use of random assignment, and subsequent concealment of allocation would qualify as adequate (that is, low risk of selection ... Symptomatic efficacy and safety of diacerein in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009, Oct 14 [Epub ahead of print] Vlad ... Roche (Basel, Switzerland), sanofi-aventis (Paris, France), Scandinavian Clinical Nutrition (Stockholm, Sweden), and Wyeth (Madison, NJ, USA) Published: February 2010 Page of References Jacquet...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) Spirometry results: FEV1 and FVC (litres and % of predicted) pre and post bronchodilator Number of exacerbations in previous year Number of antibiotics ... the quality of diagnosis, assessment and management of COPD is variable and does not always relate to the available knowledge about the disease and the burden it represents The aims of this study ... previous 12 months Number of oral steroid courses in the previous 12 months Number of out of hours visits in the previous 12 months Number of attendances of Accident and Emergency (A & E) in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... The Precision PCx point -of- care glucometer showed a fair correlation coefficient, was judged to be user-friendly (in spite of the use of test strips and the higher chance of spilling blood), and ... patients and found that 98% to 100% of the Sur- versus Precision PCx (mmol/l) Bland-Altman absolute variance: blood gas/glucose analyser ABL715 versus Precision PCx (mmol/l) eStepPro and 91% to 95% of ... Sarl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland, for kindly providing the CGMS System Gold and glucose sensors and Abbott Diabetes Care for providing the Precision PCx point -of- care meter and test strips References...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... across reads and the similarity of error rates for reads with no Ns are consistent with a high general accuracy of the pyrosequencing method and poor resolution of a small number of beads with ... analysis of the distribution of the types of error in pyrosequencing of emPCR libraries suggests ways of identifying and removing these HAP-hazards: reads with a disproportionately large number of ... bead and additional reagents, including polymerase, luciferase, and ATP sulfurylase Microfluidics cycle each of the four nucleotide triphosphates over the PicoTiterPlate™, and incorporation of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:22