accdg to bateman et al

... epidermal lipids the authors extracted [as illustrated in MacLaughlin et al' s figure 1(B)] Indeed, per photon, UVC photosynthesis is greater than UVB [as illustrated in MacLaughlin et al' s figure ... studied in curing rickets [8] If all human Vitamin D production is intra-epidermal, the academic question appears to be, how deep does UVC penetrate human epidermis? Campbell et al found evidence ... seasonal infections sensitive to the broad spectrum anti-microbial peptides (AMP) that vitamin D up-regulates [2] Invasive pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, and group A streptococcal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... irresponsible") Salkovskis et al (2000) found that this measure was a unique predictor of obsessional symptomatology in individuals with OCD, even when anxiety and depressive symptoms were controlled ... scale was the only scale that predicted obsessional symptomatology in non-clinical individuals, and individuals with OCD had significantly higher scores on this scale than did the non-clinical ... self, get angry at self) and re-appraisal (try to reinterpret the thought, analyze the thought rationally) Wells argues that strategy selection will depend on situational factors and the appraisal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 16:52

... No Matteson et al Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, Buchan I, Matteson EL, Montori V: Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies Systemic ... patients with rheumatoid arthritis J Rheumatol 2004, 31:1538-1545 Remicade label information [http://www.remicade.com/global/ hcp/hcp_PI.jsp] Lagakos SW: Time -to- event analyses for long-term ... malignancies Systemic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials JAMA 2006, 295:2275-2286 Stern R, Wolfe F: Infliximab dose and clinical status: results of studies...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... environments, all targets are initially unallocated During each round of bidding, all robots bids on all unallocated targets The robot that places the overall lowest bid on any target is allocated ... required to reach other planets makes planetary surface exploration missions prime targets for automation Sending rovers to other planets either instead of or together with people can also significantly ... particular target A new round of bidding starts, and all robots bid again on all unallocated targets, and so on until all targets have been allocated to robots (Note that each robot needs to bid only...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... of coalitions for which it calculated coalition values Each agent also has all necessary information regarding the coalition memberships’ capabilities In order to calculate the coalition values, ... the best coalition value The modified algorithm then calculates the balance coefficient for all these coalitions and chooses the most balanced coalition This ensures that the algorithm always favors ... Vig and Adams coalitions Choosing the optimal coalition from all possible coalitions is an intractable problem due to the size of coalition structure space (Sandholm et al. , 1999) Algorithms exist...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... individual systems converge to the same steady state has been studied, such as in (Jadbabaie et al. , 2003)(Lin et al. , 2004) for single integrator models and in (Qu et al. , 2004a)(Qu et al. , 2004b) ... strategy was analyzed in (Qu et al. , 2004a) and general leaderless cooperative control was studied in (Qu et al. , 2004b) In this paper, we continue the works in (Qu et al. , 2004a)(Qu et al. , 2004b), ... the distributions at original means Sensor Network-Mediated Multi-Robot Task Allocation 37 sensor network allows a robot to detect a goal (alarm, event) even though the alarm is not in the robot’s...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... ((Gerkey et al. , 2004)) Randomized pursuit algorithms have also been studied, in both discrete graphs ((Adler et al. , 2003)) and polygonal free spaces ((Isler et al. , 2003)) Algorithm The Parish algorithm ... discrete graphs to continuous polygonal free spaces Complete algorithms have been described for searchers having either or “flashlights” ((Lee et al. , 2002)), omnidirectional vision ((Guibas et al. , ... are computationally cheaper to coordinate In this paper we introduce an algorithm, parallel stochastic hill-climbing with small teams, or Parallel Stochastic Hill-Climbing with Small Teams 67 Parish,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... visible attractor lies between the robot and home Whether or not an attractor is between the robot and its home is determined by the alignment between vector from the robot to the attractor and that ... Parker et al (eds.), Multi-Robot Systems From Swarms to Intelligent Automata Volume III, 93–105 c 2005 Springer Printed in the Netherlands 94 Roth, et al to be highly intractable (Bernstein et al. , ... allowing them to determine if the attractor is between them and the goal This notion of positioning so that the attractor is between the robot and the destination will become central to the pushing...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... communicated, along with observations of targets, in the form of parameters to a sensor model When the robots are not able to see all the targets simultaneously, negative information allows the robots to ... (Stroupe and Balch, 2004b) to demonstrate a team navigating to optimize its knowledge about a group of moving targets Howard et al (Howard and Sukhatme, 2003) present a method for improving localization ... them) Additionally, it is assumed the robots detect the targets perfectly within the nominal sensor range of rnom , never detect targets beyond the maximum range of rmax and detect targets with linearly...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... several robots, is usually solved by extending SLAM techniques (Burgard et al. , 2002, Ko et al. , 2003, Fenwick et al. , 2002), or using EM (Simmons et al. , 2000, Thrun et al. , 2000) Most map merging ... information to accomplish their task Here, R2 (on the left) turns toward R4 to localize R4 relative to itself R4 communicates its current global position to R2 , enabling it to determine its own global ... turns toward R8 to obtain vision-based relative localization of R8 R4 then guides R8 to its goal position Once R8 is at its goal location, R4 then moves to its own goal position of 10 trials of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... Amigoni, et al 1m 1m Figure The final map obtained with the sequential method c 2004 by IEEE (Amigoni et al. , 2004) Figure The final map obtained c 2004 by with the tree method IEEE (Amigoni et al. , ... (Butler et al. , 2001) sometimes resulting in repeat coverage (Latimer-IV et al. , 2002, Kurabayashi et al. , 1996, Min and Yin, 1998) Non-deterministic approaches include the use of neural networks ... When communication is restricted to close proximity (Latimer-IV et al. , 2002) or line of sight (Rekleitis et al. , 2004) the robots have to remain together in order to avoid covering the same area...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... robots read discrete bool DetectedPoint, PerimeterDetected; Random Coverage RCC Potential Field PFC DetectedPoint == true PerimeterDetected == false PerimeterDetected == false DetectedPoint== true ... each robot to allow the robots to track the perimeter at a small offset This way, they never drive into the perimeter The sonar array is used to avoid collisions Figure Perimeter detection and ... which a swarm is able to autonomously locate and surround a water spill using social potential fields (Bruemmer et al. , 2002) Authors in (Feddema et al. , 2002) show outdoor perimeter surveillance...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... may occur in some trials, and will be asked to “alert their boss” that something has changed as soon as they detect a change Alerting consisted of clicking one of two buttons to indicate the presence ... architecture (Sellner et al. , 2005) (Simmons et al. , 2002) (Goldberg et al. , 2003) provides a flexible, tiered, multi-agent architecture which we have extended to support sliding autonomy Syndicate ... of other sliding autonomy systems exist, of greater or lesser similarity to our work (Fong et al. , 2003) enable the robot to ask the operator for help with localization and to clarify sensor readings,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... Parker et al (eds.), Multi-Robot Systems From Swarms to Intelligent Automata Volume III, 211–221 c 2005 Springer Printed in the Netherlands 212 Spears, et al more, it is founded upon theoretical ... vector calculus ((Hughes-Hallett et al. , 1998)): W ∇ · (ρV )dW = S (ρV ) · dS (3) This equation, where W is the control volume and S is the bounding surface of the volume, allows us to formally ... many trials it would take to eliminate learning effects; and whether a single learning function could be accurately parameterized on a per-user basis, to allow the system to attempt to predict...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... robots to follow Mobile robots have also been used to support embedded networks Lamarca et al use mobile robots to continually calibrate a sensor network (LaMarca et al. , 2002) Rahimi et al present ... embedded networks to support mobile robot applications Both Batalin and Sukhatme (Batalin et al. , 2004) and Li et al. (Li et al. , 2003) have developed approaches to navigation using heterogeneous ... artificial potential field for navigation based on the obstacles and goals sensed by the network (Li et al. , 2003) This potential field is guaranteed to deliver the mobile node to the goal location...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... et al (eds.), Multi-Robot Systems From Swarms to Intelligent Automata Volume III, 291–297 c 2005 Springer Printed in the Netherlands 292 Shell, et al Related formal methodologies Formal methodologies ... simulations are used to estimate parameter values (Martinoli et al. , 2004) An extension to the same theory (but using continuous differential equations instead) allows adaptive systems to be modeled ... realizable on physical hardware and useful for a variety of tasks while being amenable to analysis We describe robot controllers synthesized to possess these dynamics and also physics-based methodologies...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... by minus one) LogAsset is the log of total assets Mkt -to- Book is the ratio of the market value to the book value of total assets σ(CFO) is the standard deviation of CFO σ(Sales) is the standard ... by minus one) LogAsset is the log of total assets Mkt -to- Book is the ratio of the market value to the book value of total assets σ(CFO) is the standard deviation of CFO σ(Sales) is the standard ... by minus one) LogAsset is the log of total assets Mkt -to- Book is the ratio of the market value to the book value of total assets σ(CFO) is the standard deviation of CFO σ(Sales) is the standard...

Ngày tải lên: 02/01/2015, 17:34

... t; ϭ for_sales_pct foreign sales as a percentage of total sales in year t; rect ϭ total receivables ͑#2͒ divided by total assets in year t; invt ϭ inventory ͑#3͒ divided by total assets in year ... literature also suggests that auditor expertise is associated with audit quality ͑e.g., Craswell et al 1995; Balsam et al 2003; Ferguson et al 2003; Krishnan 2003; Francis et al 2005b͒: a Big nonspecialist ... years t−2 to t ͑salest / salest−1 + salest−1 / salest−2 + salest−2 / salest−3͒ / where salest is sales revenue ͑#12͒ in year t; BP ϭ the book to price ratio, book value ͑#216͒/market value ͑#199...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... 1:4* 1:2* Total Assets Total Assets   Earnings before Interest and Taxes þ 3:3* Total Assets     Market Value of Equity Sales þ 1:0* þ 0:6* Book Value of Total Debt Total Assets Note that: ... where: TAit Total accruals for firm i in year t calculated as the difference between net income before extraordinary items and cash flow from operations (Becker et al. , 1998) Ait2 Total assets of the ... Notes Also known as lagged total assets Total assets of the previous period The Altman Z-score for the financial condition is computed using the following equation:     Working Capital Retained...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... (Ball et al 2000; Hung 2000; Leuz et al 2003; Bushman and Piotroski 2006), by serving to reduce information asymmetry between investors and management 11 One contributing factor to higher quality ... Balsam et al 2003; Myers et al 2003) To measure abnormal accruals, we use two different accrual estimation models The first model is the performance-adjusted accruals model following Kothari et ... = Abnormal accruals for firm i in year t in country k; When operating cash flow is not readily available, we calculate total accruals using the balance sheet method 16 This method of calculating...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41