absorption reflection and transmission by real surfaces

... contributions WTS and JW-C prepared the manuscript and developed and performed the PCR assays EA and MC identified and obtained oral cancer tissue EMK and SC-U and identified and obtained cervical ... skin and anogenital mucosa were assessed (Table 2) Both biopsies and fluids have been tested A subset of specimens (anogenital/skin and oral cancers) have been assessed by both standard assays and ... entire genome of HPV6 and HPV11, respectively, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and were used to derive standard curves for HPV6 and 11 in the real time PCR assay...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... parameters and the Mueller matrix are ideal to handle this task The problems of complexity and polarization can be readily treated by expressing Fresnel’s equations in the form of Stokes vectors and ... the correct Mueller matrices for reflection and transmission at a dielectric interface, as we will now show 8.3 MUELLER MATRICES FOR REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION AT AN AIR–DIELECTRIC INTERFACE ... from a medium with (real) index n1 and encounters an interface with a linear isotropic medium that has index n2 The angles of incidence (or reflection) and refraction are i and r , respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 19/04/2016, 11:39

... amplification by "real time" technology (7300 Real Time PCR system, Applied Biosystems, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) according to manufacturer's recommendation in the presence of primers and probes specific ... extracted, reverse transcribed and amplified by qRT-PCR in the presence of primers and probes specific for the indicated genes and β-actin house keeping gene (panels A-F) Cytokine and chemokine gene expression ... supplemented with μl 10 mM dNTP mix, μl 5× first-strand buffer, μl 0.1 M DTT and μl (200 units) M-MLV reverse transcriptase (all by Invitrogen Ltd., Paisley, UK) and incubated at 37°C for hour Two μl of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... study was designed by MJH and EANA; experimental work was done by EANA, MJH and AN; interpretation and laboratory work was conducted by MJH, EANA, AN, SK and RB; EANA, RLB, SK and MJH were responsible ... bacteriophage λ DNA and a primer pair directed against λ DNA The performance of the PCR was monitored by quantitative real- time PCR (qPCR) The mean cycle threshold (Ct) and the standard deviation ... for the HSV realtime quantitative assay, which used SYBR Green I, modified by the addition of extra cycles and a final extension at 72°C for PCR DNA product and purity were checked by electrophoresis...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... study was designed by MJH and EANA; experimental work was done by EANA, MJH and AN; interpretation and laboratory work was conducted by MJH, EANA, AN, SK and RB; EANA, RLB, SK and MJH were responsible ... bacteriophage λ DNA and a primer pair directed against λ DNA The performance of the PCR was monitored by quantitative real- time PCR (qPCR) The mean cycle threshold (Ct) and the standard deviation ... for the HSV realtime quantitative assay, which used SYBR Green I, modified by the addition of extra cycles and a final extension at 72°C for PCR DNA product and purity were checked by electrophoresis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... median and the arithmetic and geometric means; measures of spread, 16 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting including range, quartiles, variance, standard deviation, semi-standard deviation and ... 12 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting 1.8 Econometrics in real estate, finance and economics: similarities and differences The tools that we use when econometrics is applied to real estate ... category On the other hand, some such packages are often the least flexible, since the menus of available options are fixed by the developers, and hence, if one 14 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... have zero mean and unit variance by subtracting its mean and dividing by its standard deviation Real estate analysis: statistical tools 59 Table 3.3 Critical values from the standard normal versus ... it fully The mean and the variance are the first and second moments of a distribution, respectively, and the (standardised) third and fourth moments are known as the skewness and kurtosis, respectively ... series represented by panels (a) and (b) (which show the index of US income returns for all real estate in nominal terms and the index of real office values in Tokyo, respectively) and panel (c) (which...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... elements in an inflationary environment as 122 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting landlords push for higher rents to cover inflation and expenses) and Vt−1 is the vacancy rate (in per cent) in ... bivariate model of real rent growth for UK offices (equation 4.10) The single explanatory variable was the growth 126 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting in employment and financial and business services ... element in row i and column j , although, in the notation used from this point of the book onwards, it is the other way around 112 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting How are the standard errors...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... office tenant demand, the ratio of government employment over the sum of the financial, insurance and real estate and service office tenants and the level of occupied stock McGough and Tsolacos (2002), ... actual and equilibrium rents during the 1983–5 period and he picks June 1986 as the point in time when actual and equilibrium rents coincided Now that a series of changes in real effective rents and ... determined by the capital market, and the required risk premium is that determined by information from both space and capital markets); GY represents the proxy for the risk free component of r; and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... in real estate In the real estate literature, ARMA models are used mainly for short-term forecasting and to provide a benchmark by which to judge structural models 258 Real Estate Modelling and ... 0.25ut−2 + ut Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting 0.4 0.3 acf pacf 0.2 acf and pacf 238 0.1 10 –0.1 –0.2 –0.3 –0.4 lag, s 0.9 acf pacf 0.8 0.7 acf and pacf Figure 8.3 Sample autocorrelation and partial ... volatility and gives the actual and fitted values The fitted series exhibit some volatility, which tends to match that of the actual series in the 1980s The two spikes in 1Q2000 and 3Q2001 250 Real Estate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... one- and two-year real rent and return forecasts are generated by estimating the models up to 1998 and making predictions for 1999 and 2000 The sample then increases by one observation and the ... for 1999 and 2000 are taken Subsequently, the sample period for estimation of the AR(1) model extends to 1999, and the one- and two-year forecasts (for real rents and returns) for 2000 and 2001 ... forecast The benchmark AR(1) specifications for real rent and real returns are initially estimated up to 1998 and forecasts are produced for 1999 and 2000 These real forecasts are converted into nominal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... as (10.2) and (10.3) 306 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting A set of reduced-form equations corresponding to (10.5) and (10.6) can be obtained by solving (10.5) and (10.6) for R and Q separately ... metres per employee) at time t and ut , et and vt are the error terms at time t In this case, there are G = equations and three endogenous variables (Q, ABS and R) EMP and USG are exogenous, so we ... space) as a function both of demand (GDP) and supply-side (NIBSUP) factors GDP lagged by a year enters the equation as well to allow for ‘pent-up’ demand (demand that was not satisfied in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... contributions AG and HP carried out the AFM measurements supervised by AB and UH CD carried out the XPS measurements supervised by MN VH and EK synthesized the SMMs supervised by TG All authors read and approved ... single-molecule magnets on HOPG, mica and silicon surfaces and characterization by means of non-contact AFM Nanoscale Research Letters 2011 6:486 Submit your manuscript to a journal and benefit from: Convenient ... between the first and the following layers This difference can be explained by a neutralization of charge of [MnIII6CrIII]3+ caused by the mirror-charge effect in the first layer but by anions in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... have zero mean and unit variance by subtracting its mean and dividing by its standard deviation Real estate analysis: statistical tools 59 Table 3.3 Critical values from the standard normal versus ... it fully The mean and the variance are the first and second moments of a distribution, respectively, and the (standardised) third and fourth moments are known as the skewness and kurtosis, respectively ... series represented by panels (a) and (b) (which show the index of US income returns for all real estate in nominal terms and the index of real office values in Tokyo, respectively) and panel (c) (which...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... This could be done by ‘eyeballing’ the data and, for each set of variables y and x, one could form a scatter plot and draw on a line that looks as if it fits the data well by hand, as in figure 4.2 ... using OLS by setting zt = xt and regressing y on a constant and z Clearly, then, a surprisingly varied array of models can be estimated using OLS by making suitable 86 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting ... large Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting y Figure 4.12 Effect on the standard errors of xt2 small x y x (4) The term xt2 affects only the intercept standard error and not the slope standard...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... elements in an inflationary environment as 122 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting landlords push for higher rents to cover inflation and expenses) and Vt−1 is the vacancy rate (in per cent) in ... bivariate model of real rent growth for UK offices (equation 4.10) The single explanatory variable was the growth 126 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting in employment and financial and business services ... element in row i and column j , although, in the notation used from this point of the book onwards, it is the other way around 112 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting How are the standard errors...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... considered an indicator of the demand and supply balance in the real estate market – i.e it reflects demand and supply conditions As business conditions strengthen and firms need to take on more space, ... with second-hand space resulting from lease termination, sub-letting, and so forth If these demand and supply forces result in falling vacancy, the market becomes a ‘landlords’ market’ Landlords ... sub-sample and zero for observations in the second sub-sample The Chow test viewed in this way would then be a standard F-test of the joint restriction H0 : β4 = and β5 = and β6 = 0, with (6.58) and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... office tenant demand, the ratio of government employment over the sum of the financial, insurance and real estate and service office tenants and the level of occupied stock McGough and Tsolacos (2002), ... actual and equilibrium rents during the 1983–5 period and he picks June 1986 as the point in time when actual and equilibrium rents coincided Now that a series of changes in real effective rents and ... determined by the capital market, and the required risk premium is that determined by information from both space and capital markets); GY represents the proxy for the risk free component of r; and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... one- and two-year real rent and return forecasts are generated by estimating the models up to 1998 and making predictions for 1999 and 2000 The sample then increases by one observation and the ... for 1999 and 2000 are taken Subsequently, the sample period for estimation of the AR(1) model extends to 1999, and the one- and two-year forecasts (for real rents and returns) for 2000 and 2001 ... forecast The benchmark AR(1) specifications for real rent and real returns are initially estimated up to 1998 and forecasts are produced for 1999 and 2000 These real forecasts are converted into nominal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... current y1t Lags of y2t not explain current y2t β21 = and γ21 = and δ21 = β11 = and γ11 = and δ11 = β12 = and γ12 = and δ12 = β22 = and γ22 = and δ22 = This VAR could be written out to express the ... forecasts for absorption and completions are not that accurate The system over-predicts both the level of absorption and completions The predicted average gap between absorption and completions ... 10.4 and 10.6, it 336 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting is advisable to monitor the forecasts from both models Another feature of the forecasts from the two systems is that, for vacancy and absorption, ...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20