absorption excitation and emission
Effect of unsaturated fatty acid esters of biodiesel fuels on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 15:28
... Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 3, 2010, pp.411-430 427 properties and fatty acid composition on CO and HC emissions The correlation analysis reveals that the CO and HC emissions ... hydroperoxides increases the risk of polymerization and acidification and of the appearance of insoluble sediments and gums, which can lead to filter plugging and deposits in the fuel systems Esterified ... and rate of pressure rise were closer to that of diesel fuel [13] A DI diesel engine running with olive oil shows same efficiency and engine performance as that of diesel And a reduction in emission...
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Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations and Emission Rates Measured over One Year in a New Manufactured House pptx
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 14:20
... direct and immediate effects The influence of indoor temperature and relative humidity on the emissions and concentrations of formaldehyde has been studied and modeled in chamber experiments and ... Construction and Safety Standards Part 3280 Washington, DC: U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development Kelly TJ, Smith DL and Satola J 1999 Emission rates of formaldehyde from materials and consumer ... have lower emission factors at low air change rates due to sorption and re -emission effects However, some of the more volatile compounds (e.g., pentanal and hexanal) exhibited the largest emission...
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gas turbine combustion alternative fuels and emissions
Ngày tải lên :
06/05/2014, 11:34
... Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition Low emissions of smoke and gaseous pollutant species Freedom from pressure pulsations and other manifestations of c ombustion-induced instability Size and shape ... last decade Yet gaseous and parg ticulate emissions decreased by one third or more and are well below the emissions egulations in effect as of July 2006 Thus, Chapter on emissions r was updated ... properties and handling characteristics xvii xviii Preface for the engines and infrastructure already in place; environmental impact, which includes competition with food, water, and land; CO2...
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Combustion and emission characteristics of a natural gas fueled diesel engine with EGR
Ngày tải lên :
15/06/2014, 09:26
... CO and HC emissions, particularly at low and intermediate loads At high load, the improvement in gaseous fuel utilization leads to corresponding improvement in both engine performance and CO emissions, ... section 2.2, and the results for different operating modes are analyzed and presented graphically for brake thermal efficiency, total equivalence ratio, NO, HC, CO, and CO2 emissions, and O2 concentration ... and heat release rate 4.1.1 In-cylinder pressure and ignition delay Figs and show the pressure–crank angle degree (CAD) diagram for both conventional diesel and plain dual-fuel modes at 52% and...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article A Bit Stream Scalable Speech/Audio Coder Combining Enhanced Regular Pulse Excitation and Parametric Coding" docx
Ngày tải lên :
22/06/2014, 19:20
... In the lowest frequency band, this is a Laguerre-based LP system [14] with λ = 0.3 and order 12 and for the second and third bands a conventional LP system with orders and 3, respectively This ... lower-frequency subbands are more critical when addressing quality issues, and therefore, the initial enhancement layers generated by the ERPE coders should mainly target bands and (0–5.5 kHz and 5.5–11 ... the first excitation is of little value when computing the RPE-2 excitation The encoder generates a bit stream including the parameters to generate both excitations (xA (n) and xB (n)) and it is...
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ĐỀ TÀI " Historical and Future Trends in Aircraft Performance, Cost, and Emissions " pptx
Ngày tải lên :
28/06/2014, 02:20
... develop Standards and Recommended Practices regarding all aspects of aviation, including certification standards for emissions and noise Since 1977, ICAO has promulgated international emissions and ... Consumption and Emissions ……………………………… 115 6.5.3.1 Emissions forecasts ……………………………………………… 115 6.5.3.2 Emissions reduction and limiting factors ………………………… 116 6.5.3.3 Alternatives to emissions reduction ... regulation standards ICAO subsequently developed International Standard and Recommended Practices for the control of fuel venting and of emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and...
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Atmospheric environment volume 78 issue 2013 doi 10 1016%2fj atmosenv 2012 05 006 hai, cao dung; kim oanh, nguyen thi effects of local, regional meteorology and emission sources on mass and compositions of
Ngày tải lên :
26/11/2014, 14:59
... districts and suburban districts with a total area of around 921 km2 and the population of 3.3 million (GSO, 2006) Since 2008, the HMR has been expanded to cover a total area of 3348 km2 and the ... 2.2 Sampling and analytical methods One Andersen dichotomous sampler (dichot) for simultaneous fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10e2.5) fractions, two MiniVol Samplers (minivol) for PM2.5 and PM10, one ... water and refrigerated while stored in HUS to minimize the loss of volatile ions At AIT the tube content was extracted and analyzed for water soluble ions (Naþ, NHþ , Kþ, Mg2þ and Ca2þ; ClÀ, NOÀ and...
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Combustion process and emission formation in diesel engines fuelled by biofuels and blend fuels
Ngày tải lên :
10/09/2015, 09:06
... father and sister for their understanding, support and encouragement throughout these years Finally, heartfelt thanks go to my beloved wife Ning Ning for all her love, support, accompany and encouragement ... Combustion and Emission Characteristics 124 6.3 Hydrogen Assisted Biodiesel Combustion 136 6.3.1 Numerical Modeling 136 6.3.2 Model Validation 138 6.3.3 Combustion and Emission ... multi-dimensional simulations; (ii) theoretical and experimental investigations on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel; and (iii) a feasibility study on hydrogen...
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Excitation and propagation of elastic waves by interdigital transducers for non destructive evaluation of plates
Ngày tải lên :
12/09/2015, 11:00
... the IDT and the host plate for wave excitation and propagation and (b) to design an IDT for efficient and accurate NDE of cracks in plates To study the electro-mechanical coupling effect and interaction ... Modifications and improvements in the modeling of IDT by equivalent circuit have been made by Milsom and Redwood (1971), Krimholtz (1971), Bahr and Lee (1973), Smith and Pedler (1975) and Aoki and Ingebrigtsen ... applicable and further study is required to simulate numerically IDT wave excitation for NDE application 1.3 Objectives and Scope of Study The objectives of this research are: (a) to study excitation and...
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Multi photon excitation and relaxation in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots
Ngày tải lên :
14/09/2015, 08:38
... their band mixing with the conduction bands, the mehod is called six-band model When the mixing between the conduction band and valence bands, as well as the complex structure of valence band are ... called eight-band model Following the name of the theoreticians who developed these models, six-band and eight-band model are also recognized as “Luttinger and Kohn” model and the “Pigeon and Brown” ... Luttinger and Kohn model treats the complex structure of the valence band but does not neglect the band mixing between the valence bands and the conduction bands It works well for large-band-gap...
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Fourier transformed infrared absorption spectroscopy and kinetics studies of gas phase small molecules
Ngày tải lên :
15/09/2015, 17:11
... with the product OCSe and CSe with O2 will be studied as well Computational studies of the vibrational frequencies and band strengths of the species involved and the energies and geometries of reactive ... reactions with CSe2, SCSe and OCSe good match between the experimental and calculated bond lengths and bond angles Table 2.1 shows the calculated vibrational frequencies and band intensities as well ... area under the vibrational band 38 Chapter O (3P) atom reactions with CSe2, SCSe and OCSe TABLE 2.1: The experimental and calculated vibrational frequencies and band intensities (after scaling)...
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Developing countries and emission reduction commitments understanding the drivers of environmental impact
Ngày tải lên :
04/10/2015, 15:45
... Need and Benefits…………………………… 22 Developing Countries and the Per-Capita Emissions Approach 3.1 The Science and Economic of a Propitious Climate Change Policy… 26 3.2 A Modified Per-Capita Emissions ... modified per capita emissions approach The baseline model, as suggested by Gupta and Bhandari (1999), is modified to include current scientific and economic considerations The emission reduction ... the interests and obligations of developing and developed countries Arguments of historical responsibility demands that developed countries – the source of most past and current emissions of GHGs...
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Combining activity data and emission factors Viet Nam
Ngày tải lên :
07/10/2015, 13:07
... 1000 * = 495,000 t CO2e CO2/ha 12 Ví dụ Đào tạo kỹ thuật LEAF phát triển mức sở Katie Goslee and Silvia Petrova Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock International www.winrock.org/ecosystems carbonservices@winrock.org ... carbonservices@winrock.org Material from this publication may be reproduced provided Winrock International and the authors are acknowledged as the source Goslee, K , Petrova, S (2012) LEAF Technical Training...
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RATE OF PHONON EXCITATION AND CONDITIONS FOR PHONON GENERATION IN CYLINDRICAL QUANTUM WIRES
Ngày tải lên :
30/10/2015, 19:51
... expressions for the rate of phonon excitation and the conditions are obtained for the case of the multiphoton absorption process and a non-degenerate electron gas The mechanism and the specific characteristics ... and the electron-phonon interaction takes place with RATE OF PHONON EXCITATION AND CONDITIONS FOR 165 the emission and the absorption of (Λ/ Ω) >> photons Substituting Eq (15) into Eq (±) (+) ... ) and c ,j (kz ) (a+ m,n (qz ) and am,n (qz )) are the creation and the annihilation operators of confined electron (phonon) for state | , j, kz >≡ |α, kz > (|m, n, qz >), respectively; kz and...
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Analytical study to minimize the engine exhaust emissions and safe knock limit of CNG powered four-stroke SI engine
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 15:28
... and the kinetics of these processes are important in estimating emission levels At the same time, both flow rate and concentrations of each pollutant significantly affect mass emissions The emission ... pressure and temperature are Pu = 0.1 MPa, and Tu = 300K, respectively ul (cm/s) is the burning velocity at Pu and Tu αT And βT as well as ul , are functions of equivalence ratio ( ∅ ), and are ... combustion, expansion and exhaust The objective of this model in this domain is to calculate instantaneous pressure, unburned and burned temperature, burned and unburned mass, 12 exhaust emission concentrations...
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CO2e emissions from HVAC equipment and lifetime operation for common U.S. building types
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 15:28
... emission factors and the many complexities of electricitybased emissions As an effort to further understand the broad implications of commercial buildings and their potential GHG emissions, this ... the GHG emissions, both lifetime operational and M&P, from commercial buildings’ HVAC equipment in different geographical locations and climate regions; and, for various building types and fuel ... location, and on-site emissions Each is discussed further below The climate influences a building’s emissions due to the required HVAC equipment size, load, and runtime ASHRAE 90.1 Standard [21]...
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Changes of temperature data for energy studies over time and their impact on energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The case of Athens and Thessaloniki – Greece
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 16:10
... demands is 28.5% and for Thessaloniki 13.2% Obviously, directly proportional to the energy demand for heating and cooling is the fuel (diesel oil) and electricity consumption and hence the CO2 emissions, ... indicator and the basis for calculations of heating and cooling energy demand [1] or for estimating bin data and heating and cooling degree-days at any base [2, 10, 11] Table shows the monthly and ... and need further investigation, since the decade time horizon is relative short for drawing solid conclusions regarding the climate and consequently the estimation of energy demands and CO2 emissions...
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The effect of EGR rates on NOX and smoke emissions of an IDI diesel engine fuelled with Jatropha biodiesel blends
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 16:11
... and BTE Moreover, the BSFC and BSEC increased, using all test fuels, especially over 20% EGR • Smoke opacity, CO and CO2 emissions increased with increasing EGR rates On the other hand, NOX emission ... performance and emissions from neat and transesterified cotton seed oil Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 2009, 3, 190–197 Pereira R.G et al Exhaust emissions and electric ... of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 2, Issue 3, 2011, pp.477-490 481 Results and discussion The results and discussion based on the effect of EGR rates on engine performance and emission...
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An experimental investigation of performance and exhaust emission of a diesel engine fuelled with Jatropha biodiesel and its blends
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 16:11
... consumption and thermal efficiency were calculated The emissions such as CO, HC, and NOx were measured using exhaust gas analyzer and smoke with smoke meter These performance and emission characteristics ... JOME and its blends was found to be higher than the neat diesel fuel • The emission of JOME and its blends showed reduction in carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbon and smoke emissions where as NOx emission ... Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission with the BMEP NOx emission increased with the engine load The diesel fuel showed lowest NOx emission and the blending with JOME showed increased NOx emission Comparatively...
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Appendix 5 Spontaneous Emission Term and Factors
Ngày tải lên :
19/10/2013, 22:15
... with a half-width Á! at half-maximum and using Copyright © 2004 Marcel Dekker, Inc Spontaneous Emission Term and Factors 301 an approximation that spontaneous emission peak frequency % oscillation ... approximately the spontaneous emission spectrum in a laser structure By integrating it, the total spontaneous emission Rsp can be calculated Approximating the spontaneous emission spectrum by a Lorentzian ... f2 ð1 À f1 Þr ð!m Þ h nr ng "0 m2 !m ðA5:6Þ Accordingly, from Eqs (A5.5) and (A5.6), the spontaneous emission term and the mode gain are correlated by Rsp ð!m Þ ¼ nsp GGð!m Þ ! f2 ð1 À f1...
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