absolute c 4th edition

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 85 pps

... machine accepts coins whose values sum to the price of a product or whose sum exceeds the purchase price by one coin of any denomination. The vending machine then accepts either a coin release ... Thethird section gives the actions (class member functions). A plus sign indicates a publicmember. A sharp sign, #, indicates a protected member. So for the class Square, theclass diagram ... place of patterns and any speci c formalisms for patterns within the softwaredesign process is not yet clear. However, it is clear that basic patterns—as well as certainpattern names, such...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 1 potx

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... 01_CH01.fm Page 5 Wednesday, August 20, 2003 2:21 PM1 C+ + Basics1.1 INTRODUCTION TO C+ + 2Origins of the C+ + Language 2 C+ + and Object-Oriented Programming 3The Character of C+ + 3 C+ + Terminology ... would call a “pure OOPlanguage.” C+ + tempers its OOP features with concerns for efﬁciency and what somemight call “practicality.” This combination has made C+ + currently the most widelyused OOP ... designed C+ + to be a better C. Most of C is a subset of C+ +, and so most C programs are also C+ + programs. (Thereverse is not true; many C+ + programs are deﬁnitely not C programs.) Unlike C, C+ +has...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 2 pps

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... itnames. To change a named constant, you need only change the initializing value in theconst variable declaration. The meaning of all occurrences of BRANCH_COUNT, forinstance, can be changed from ... , preceding a character tells the compiler that the sequence following thebackslash does not have the same meaning as the character appearing by itself. Such asequence is called an escape ... total - discount;bonus *= 2; bonus = bonus * 2;time /= rushFactor; time = time/rushFactor;change %= 100; change = change % 100;amount *= cnt1 + cnt2; amount = amount * (cnt1 + cnt2);01_CH01.fm...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 3 doc

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... the type cast for you. Such an automatic conversion is sometimescalled a type coercion.■INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORSThe ++ in the name of the C+ + language comes from the increment operator, ... 5;In such cases C+ + performs an automatic type cast, converting the 5 to 5.0 and placing5.0 in the variable d. You cannot store the 5 as the value of d without a type cast, butsometimes C+ + does ... "\n"; This code will produce the output:43type coercionincrement operatordecrement operator01_CH01.fm Page 25 Wednesday, August 20, 2003 2:21 PM28 C+ + BasicsHowever, it is not clear whether...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 4 docx

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... begin#include <iostream>Compilers (preprocessors) can be very fussy about spacing in include directives. Thus,it is safest to type an include directive with no extra space: no space before ... than anything that need con-cern you. On almost all compilers, the preprocessor is called automatically when youcompile your program. 1.5#includepreprocessor01_CH01.fm Page 36 Wednesday, ... /**/-style comments for temporarily com-menting out code while debugging. It is difﬁcult to say just how many comments a program should contain. The onlycorrect answer is “just enough,” which of course...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 5 potx

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... compiler groups itemsaccording to rules known as precedence rules. Most of the precedence rules for C+ +are given in Display 2.3. The table includes a number of operators that are not dis-cussed ... said the Cat. Lewis Carroll, Alice in WonderlandINTRODUCTION As in most programming languages, C+ + handles ﬂow of control with branch-ing and looping statements. C+ + branching and looping ... needed to yield one metric ton of cereal.2. A government research lab has concluded that an artificial sweetener commonly used in diet soda will cause death in laboratory mice. A friend of yours...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 6 doc

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... branches of an if-else statement to execute more than onestatement each. To accomplish this, enclose the statements for each branch between apair of braces, { and }, as indicated in the second ... previous description of how a Boolean expression is evaluated is basically cor-rect, but in C+ +, the computer actually takes an occasional shortcut when evaluating aBoolean expression. Notice that ... nothing atall. In C+ + this can be accomplished by omitting the else part. These sorts of statementsBranching Mechanisms 57Self-Test Exercises5. Does the following sequence produce division by...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 7 pps

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... the controlling expression, it executes the code for thatcase. You cannot have two occurrences of case with the same constant value after thembecause that would create an ambiguous instruction.switch ... "Enter vehicle class: ";cin >> vehicleClass;switch (vehicleClass){ case 1: cout << "Passenger car."; toll = 0.50; break; case 2: cout << "Bus."; ... statements,then after executing the code for one case, the computer will go on to execute the codefor the next case. Note that you can have two case labels for the same section of code, as in the...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 8 docx

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... (int count = 1; count <= 3; count++) cout << "Hip, Hip, Hurray\n";The body of a for statement need not make any reference to a loop control variable, such as the variable count.EXTRA ... loop:for (int count = 1; count <= 10; count++); cout << "Hello\n";If you did not notice the extra semicolon, you might expect this for loop to write Hello to the screen ten ... n++) cout << n << endl;Compilers may vary in how they handle such declarations within a for statement. Thisis discussed in Chapter 3 in the subsection entitled “Variables Declared...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 9 doc

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... Function 115Recursive Functions 1163.3 SCOPE RULES 117Local Variables 117Procedural Abstraction 120Global Constants and Global Variables 121Blocks 124Nested Scopes 124Tip: Use Function Calls ... continuestatement. The continue statement can be particularly tricky and can make your codehard to read. It may be best to avoid the continue statement completely or at least useit only on rare occasions.■NESTED ... although it will come close. One month’s interest on $50 is only 75 cents.For additional online Programming Projects, click the CodeMate icons below.2.31.72.52.62.7Chapter Summary...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 10 potx

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... returnedfunction call or functioninvocation#include directive100 Function BasicsThe C+ + library with header ﬁle <cstdlib> contains a random number functionnamed rand. This function has ... invocation (sample call) of the function exit:exit(1);void FUNCTIONSA void function performs some action, but does not return a value. For a void function, a func-tion call is a statement consisting ... directives:#include <cstdlib>using namespace std;Display 3.3 A Function Call for a Predefined void Function1 #include <iostream>2 #include <cstdlib>3 using namespace std;4...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 11 pptx

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... inconsistency.)■FUNCTIONS CALLING FUNCTIONSA function body may contain a call to another function. The situation for these sorts offunction calls is the same as if the function call had occurred ... the complete function deﬁnition or the function declaration (function proto-type) must appear in the code before the function is called. The most typical arrange-ment is for the function declaration ... items purchased: 2Enter the price per item: $10.102 items at $10.10 each.Final bill, including tax, is $21.21Function declaration;also called the function prototypeFunction callFunctionbodyFunctiondefinitionFunctionheadProgrammer-Defined...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 12 pps

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... BasicsSelf-Test Exercises■RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS C+ + does allow you to deﬁne recursive functions. Recursive functions are covered inChapter 13. If you do not know what recursive functions are, there ... fol-low standard practice and place all our global named constant declarations after ourinclude and using directives and before our function declarations.global named constantScope Rules 119When ... no need to beconcerned until you reach that chapter. If you want to read about recursive functionsearly, you can read Sections 13.1 and 13.2 of Chapter 13 after you complete Chapter 4.Note...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 13 ppsx

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... block and cannot be accessed outside of the inner block. The other variable exists only in the outer block and cannot be accessed in the inner block. The two variables are distinct, so changes ... is called. The postcondition describes the effect of the function call; that is, the postcondition tells what will be true after the function is executed in a situation in which the precondition ... declaration and accompanying comment should be all the programmer needs in order to use the function.25. It helps to slightly change the code fragment to understand to which declaration each...

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 14 pptx

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... secondNum:swapValues(firstNum, secondNum);The next few subsections describe the call-by-reference mechanism in more detail andalso explain the particular functions used in Display 4.2.■CALL-BY-REFERENCE ... blanks. Common InstructionINTRODUCTION This chapter discusses the details of the mechanisms used by C+ + for plug-ging in arguments for parameters in function calls. It also discusses overload-ing, ... is the same as 14 inches. Will the following function perform correctly? If not, why not? double totalInches(int feet, int inches){ inches = 12*feet + inches; return inches;} Display...