above the line costs definition

... cũng lớn mạnh theo, tiếp tục đầu tư vào những thị trường khác nơi mà khách hàng cần dịch vụ của Publicis. Đầu thập niên 1990, khi nền kinh tế thị trường bắt đầu khởi sắc kéo theo các công ty ... trên nền tảng “Sự tinh khiết bậc nhất” với câu tagline “Vị ngon của sự tinh khiết” được thể hiện trên bất cứ phương tiện tuyền thông nào, kèm theo hương vị dễ uống thực sự từ sản phẩm, Aquafina ... nhưng vẫn còn kém khá xa so với đối thủ Aquafina, trong khi thị phần dù đang dẫn đầu nhưng bị theo đuôi bởi Aquafina vô cùng sít sao. Nguyên nhân là do Lavie đã để mất một thời gian dài hoàn...

... Lớp: Marketing 1 K32 3 CHƢƠNG 1: CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN 1.1. Lý luận cơ bản về Above the line- ATL: 1.1.1. Khái niệm Above the line- ATL: Hình 1.1. Sơ đồ chiến lược truyền thông tiếp thị 360 độ (Nguồn: ... tế. Đây là những lý do khiến em quyết định chọn đề tài: “Hoạch định chiến lƣợc truyền thông Above the line (ATL) về vị cho thƣơng hiệu Lavie” GVHD: Th.S ĐINH TIÊN MINH SVTH: ĐẶNG THU THỦY CHUYÊN ... và Vĩnh Hảo. Theo khảo sát của TNS vào tháng 6/2009, Lavie chiếm 31% thị phần tuy hiện dẫn đầu thị trường nhưng đang bị theo đuổi bởi Aquafina với một khoảng Dẫn đầu thị trƣờng Theo sau Khác...

... Lớp: Marketing 1 K32 3 CHƢƠNG 1: CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN 1.1. Lý luận cơ bản về Above the line- ATL: 1.1.1. Khái niệm Above the line- ATL: Hình 1.1. Sơ đồ chiến lược truyền thông tiếp thị 360 độ (Nguồn: ... cũng lớn mạnh theo, tiếp tục đầu tư vào những thị trường khác nơi mà khách hàng cần dịch vụ của Publicis. Đầu thập niên 1990, khi nền kinh tế thị trường bắt đầu khởi sắc kéo theo các công ty ... nhưng vẫn còn kém khá xa so với đối thủ Aquafina, trong khi thị phần dù đang dẫn đầu nhưng bị theo đuôi bởi Aquafina vô cùng sít sao. Nguyên nhân là do Lavie đã để mất một thời gian dài hoàn...

... included in the calculation (i.e., students enrolled after the drop period ends, students enrolled at the end of the term, etc.) and the length of the drop period; 2) the length of the course ... Education Group Matthew Wicks – iNACOL The Online Learning Definitions Project 9 Synchronous learning – Online learning in which the participants interact at the same time and in the same space. Tag ... describes the contents (using keywords, descriptive terms) enabling searches. Teacher of record – In many online courses this is the same as the online teacher. However in some states, when the online...

... lecturer? Check out the new “Resources For” page on the IUSM web site. Resources For is accessible from the school’s home page (medicine.iu.edu) – look on the right-hand side of the page. If you ... “topping out” ceremony at the construction site of the first phase of the new neuroscience complex along 16th Street on the campus of IU Health Methodist Hospital. The new six-level, 270,000-square-foot ... oversight of the program and responsibility for the design and evaluation of the educational program, for the selection of students, and for mentoring, counseling and monitoring the academic...

... abstracting the API for accessing these cards, the framework was designed with these goals in mind: Asynchronous operation: The kernel should not have to wait until the hardware finished the re- quested ... in the VPN configuration (host-gateway- gateway-host). In the last two scenarios, the difference 3 This is the size of the buffer that the ttcp benchmark is using for reading and writing to the ... with the destination host, the packet is dropped and a message is sent to the key man- agement daemon through the PF KEY interface [10]. It is then the key management’s task to negotiate the nec- essary...

... recognize their weakness and their strength, that they may know their true position in the universe. They have illumined the path with the brightness of their lives and their example, like the star ... annexed against their will, the equitable division of productive labor and the riches of the world? Must the stronger forever darken the others with the shadow of his pride, and the others forever ... those other nations oppressed by Russia the Finns, the Letts, the Lithuanians, the Esthonians, the Armenians, the Jews will they too have justice done them? These questions are probably devoid of...

... not vice versa). The F u features are ranked according to their PMI value so that f r is the feature in F u with rank r, i.e., r-th high- est PMI. Then the sum of the product of the two terms P ... a threshold (determined on the test set) to the co- sine similarity of the pair. The results of these baselines shown in Table 2 use SVD; those with- out SVD are similar. Both baselines outperformed more ... examining the phenomenon of entail- ment, we took a mere few moments of man- ual effort to select the 256 restrictive adjectives from the most frequent 300 adjectives in the cor- pus. We then took the...

... been providedby the CentralBankofIreland. Thispaperdiscusses the fiscal costs of the IBRCbailout. The issuescoveredareasfollows:  The balancesheetof the IBRCand the crucialroleplayedbyitsELAdebts.  ... could be reduced,bothintermsofnear‐termfinancingdemandsandlonger‐termnetpresentvalue. The key obstacletosucharestructuringisthatanyplanofthistypecanbeblockedbyatwo‐thirdsmajority of the ECBGoverningCouncil.Despite the impressionthatthisisacomplex issuerequiringtechnical discussions, the key question is whether the members of the ECBGoverning Council arewilling to lower the burdenon the Irish peopleduetheirgovernment’sdecisiontotake over the liabilitiesof AngloandIrishNationwideandensurethatitsdepositorsandseniorbondholderswererepaid.    21  Table7:ANotionalScheduleforRepaying€28.1BillioninELAUsingPromissoryNotePayments  ... gstrategyrequiresacleargoal.In the caseof the promissorynotes, the Irishgovernmentshouldbeproposingtorestructure the notessothereisno€3.1paymenttoIBRC onMarch31,2012orforanumberofyearsafterthat.Thiswouldreduce the state’sfunding  requirementsover the nextfewyearsand,byreducing the netpresentvalueburdenofthisdebt, helptoconvinceinvestorsthatIreland’s120percentdebt‐GDPratioisnotasonerousasitlooks. Forhowmanyyearsshould the promissorynotepaymentsbedeferred?Clearly,froman Irish perspective, the idealanswerwouldbetodefer the paymentsaslongaspossiblebut,given the needforagreementfrom the ECBGoverningCouncil,thisisunlikelytobeobtained.Aslightlyless strongapproachwouldbetolink the beginningofpromissorynotepaymentstoquantitative benchmarksin relationto the performanceof the economy:Forexample,thatpaymentswould beginwhennominalGDPhasrecovereditspre‐crisispeakandunemploymenthasfallenbelowten percent.AnevenweakerapproachwouldbetosuspendrepaymentsuntilIBRChasusedupallits non‐promissoryassets.Asnoted above, the IBRCwouldbeabletorepayapproximately€14billion overtimeinELAevenifitwasneverreceivedanypromissorynotepayments. Whatare the obstaclesto the goalofpaymentdeferral?Anyonewhohastakenapassinginterestin thisissuewillknowbynowthat the Irishgovernmentis“havingtechnicaldiscussionswith the troika”aboutthisissue. The truthisthat the ECBGoverningCouncilis the onlybodythatreally mattersforthisquestion.Ifaplantorestructure the promissorynoteswasacceptedby the GoverningCouncil,thenitisveryunlikelythat the either the Commissionor the IMFwouldobject. WhatobjectionsmightGoverningCouncilmembershavetorestructuring the promissorynotes?In reality,membersof the Councilhavebyandlargeavoidedcommentingonthisissue(partlybecause theyarerarelyasked.)Butitislikelythatobjectionstake the following form: ...

... Korea. Medical costs include direct costs of medical treatment and indirect costs such as productivity loss, family costs, traffic costs, and different time costs. The total costs of illness ... highlights the importance of premature mortality in the total monetary health costs of air pollution (75% in this study). These analyses draw attention to the economic importance of the health costs ... pollution, but they are by no means the only contributor to reductions in air pollution levels. Evaluating the benefits of a given policy depends to a great extent on the credibility of the baseline assumptions...

... against Boeing’s, the RAND study team ran separate regressions for airframe costs, engine costs, and burden costs (all other costs, including overhead). In the airframe case, the study team found it ... significant results in the data. He found specific age-related growths of maintenance conditional on the age of the aircraft and on the “fly-away” costs (how much the aircraft costs new, which is ... percent) for the oldest aircraft. In Figure 4.1, the different age curves are artificially linked, e.g., the top of the newness curve connects with the bottom of the mature curve. Boeing used the same...

... from the doctor and the airman to hurry back to his house for his bag. The sun was low in the western sky. The air was motionless and painted a deep gold where in it hung the dust raised by the ... and the two separate mobs of goats being driven to yards on the outskirts of the town. On passing opposite the post office, he noted that the main door was shut, and that at the door of the ... of the chares. Then on again, through the gate into the great Emu Lake paddock, a fenced area eighteen miles square. The stock having been excluded for two years, the grasses lay beneath the...